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Are some people born clever, and others 
born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough，the answer to both these questions is yes．To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth，and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence．On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings．Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth，but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways．
It is easy to say that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with．The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence．Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different．If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other．Relations like brothers and sisters，parents and children，usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth．
Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments．We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring．We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part．This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence．
67．By using the example that two people closer in blood relationship are closer in intelligence that writer wants to prove _________．
A．intelligence is given at birth
B．intelligence can be developed by environment
C．intelligence can be developed by experience
D．education plays an important part in the development of education
68．A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because ________．
A．his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence
B．he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth
C．his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food
D．these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence
69．Writer of this article believes that _________．
A．the development of one’s intelligence is determined by many factors working together
B．environment plays the most important role in the development of intelligence
C．education plays the most important role in the development of intelligence
D．birth plays the most important role in the development of intelligence
70．The best title for this passage might be __________．
A．Intelligence B．Birth and Environment
C．The Answer to a Question D．Intelligence and Education
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Music for Little Mozarts is a programme designed to help your little ones develop a love of music. Learning music at an early age helps develop minds and expand cognitive (认知的) ability. While listening to music can certainly help your youngster pick up songs, actually learning to play the piano can help your child’s development.
This programme focuses on little creatures that both entertain and teach. By grasping the attention of a young child’s mind and engaging them with stories along with hands on experience, you can provide them with a positive experience that may produce a little Mozart in later years.
Within this multi-book and multi-year lesson plan there are ten little characters that help draw the child into the lesson plan. These little creatures actually can be used to help the child grasp basic concepts in music. The series starts out in the preschool years and provides day by day lessons that can aid the child or a classroom of children right through early adolescence (青春期).
The series is designed for both classroom and preschool use and for those at home with homeschoolers. It contains a series of books along with audio CD’s, flash cards, and other visual aids that can help very young children develop an ear and an eye for music.
It can be hard to hold the attention spans of children for very long. However, with the right creativity and the proper attention along with simple, easy to master daily lessons, most children will not only grasp music rather quickly, they will also develop a love of real music, not just banging on a piano keyboard and making sounds.
The short, daily lessons are planned out so that children learn to play music by ear. They learn to play real songs and master real passages quickly and easily. This element keeps them involved. They also master playing by ear and then later by reading rather quickly.
61. Music for Little Mozarts is intended for .
A. children at home B. children at school
C. preschool students D. all of above
62. This programme teaches children .
A. how to sing songs B. to master playing the piano quickly
C. to learn some basic music knowledge D. to experience the charm of music
63. We can infer that this programme was developed for .
A. children’s attention spans in mind B. children’s intelligence spans
C. preschool children’s interest D. school children’s music ability
64. The last two paragraphs mainly tell the reader .
A. what this programme offers
B. the relationship between ear and musical ability
C. it’s more important to play by ear than to learn to read music
D. this programme is useful for developing children’s love of music quickly
查看习题详情和答案>>In March of 1895, Charles Francis Jenkins, a young government clerk in Washington entered into an agreement with Thomas Armat, a fellow student at the Bliss School of Electricity. Their aim was to develop a motion picture device(设备).
Jenkins had already invented a device for viewing motion pictures which he called the Phantoscope, based on the Edison Kinetoscope. With this experience the two were able to work quickly and by 28 May 1895 the two had developed a projecting version of the Phantoscope and applied for its patent.
That September, the two travelled to Atlanta with their invention and gave a public demonstration at the Cotton States Exposition. Although no evidence remains regarding the quality of their projections or the success of the show, one can guess that it was well received as shortly after this event the partnership broke up with each party claiming the invention to be their own work.
After the split the two worked independently on improving the Phantoscope. Jenkins had his version of the projecting Phantoscope ready by the first week in November 1895 making the first public demonstration on December 12 at the Franklin Institute in PhiladelphiA．
At the same time, Armat, upon perfecting his version, approached well-known entrepreneurs(企业家) Raff and Gammon who were excited by what they saw and approached Edison with the intention that he develop the machine.
Edison agreed and in February 1896 the Armat projecting Phantoscope was renamed the Vitascope and the name of ‘Edison’ was added for, as Raff and Gammon explained, effective popularization of the device.
The first theatrical exhibition took place on April 23 1896 at Koster and Bial’s Music Hall in Herald Square, New York City. The film that made the greatest impression on the audience that day was Robert Paul and Birt Acres“Rough Sea at Dover”.
1．The passage is intended to tell the readers about _________.
A．the disagreement between two inventors
B．the early technology of motion picture device
C．the development of films in competition
D．the partnership between two film lovers
2．What Francis Jenkins invented before any cooperation was a device ________.
A．called Phantoscope, for viewing motion pictures
B．called Kinetoscope
C．called Vitascope
D．the projecting version of the Phantoscope
3．People can guess that the invention of Jenkins and Armat was successful because ________.
A．the public demonstration made the greatest impression on the audience
B．there was some written records regarding the quality of their projections
C．there were some reports about the success of their show
D．the partnership broke up for both claimed the invention to be their own work
4．According to Raff and Gammon, the Armat projecting Phantoscope was renamed the Vitascope and was preceded by 'Edison’s' for __________.
A．the competition against Jenkins’ version
B．the Edison’s intention of developing the device
C．effective promotion of the device
D．the origin of the device in Edison’s research
查看习题详情和答案>>Pessimistic，anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia (痴呆)，US researchers reported on Thursday.
A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on a standardized personality test had a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia 30 to 40 years later.
Those scoring very high on both anxiety and pessimism scales had a 40 percent higher risk，the study showed.
“There appears to be a dose?response pattern.That is，the higher the scores，the higher the risk of dementia，”Dr Yonas Geda，a neuropsychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester，Minnesota who led the study，said in a statement.
Geda and his colleagues looked at the medical records of 3,500 men and women who lived near the clinic between 1962 and 1965.
They all took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory，a standard personality and life experience test，Geda’s team told a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Miami.
In 2004，the team interviewed the participants or family members.
Those who scored higher for anxiety and pessimism on the test were more likely，as a group，to have developed dementia by 2004，including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular (血管的) dementia.
This did not mean a person who is pessimistic could assume he or she has a higher risk of developing dementia.
“One has to be cautious in interpreting a study like this，”Geda said.
“One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say，‘Well，I am a pessimist；thus，I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later，’because this may end up becoming a self?fulfilling prophecy (预言)．”
And there is NOT any specific way to prevent dementia，although many studies have shown that a healthy diet，exercise，keeping active in other ways，doing puzzles and other activities lower the risk.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A．It is impossible for people to avoid dementia.
B．People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.
C．If we have a healthy diet，we would have no chance of getting dementia.
D．A person who is pessimistic has a higher risk of developing dementia.
2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
A．There are many ways to prevent dementia effectively.
B．A person who is pessimistic is sure to get dementia.
C．Those who lead a happy life will not get dementia when they are old.
D．Those who scored high for pessimism might have a higher risk of dementia.
3.Which of the following does NOT help reduce the risk of getting dementia according to the passage?
A．A healthy diet.? B．Proper exercises.
C．Doing puzzles.? D．Getting up early.
4.Which of the following words is not close to the meaning of the word “pessimistic”？
A．Cheerless.? B．Optimistic.
C．Unhappy.? D．Upset.
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