Pessimistic.anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia (痴呆).US researchers reported on Thursday.A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Pessimistic，anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia (痴呆)，US researchers reported on Thursday.

A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on a standardized personality test had a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia 30 to 40 years later.

Those scoring very high on both anxiety and pessimism scales had a 40 percent higher risk，the study showed.

“There appears to be a dose?response pattern.That is，the higher the scores，the higher the risk of dementia，”Dr Yonas Geda，a neuropsychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester，Minnesota who led the study，said in a statement.

Geda and his colleagues looked at the medical records of 3,500 men and women who lived near the clinic between 1962 and 1965.

They all took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory，a standard personality and life experience test，Geda’s team told a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Miami.

In 2004，the team interviewed the participants or family members.

Those who scored higher for anxiety and pessimism on the test were more likely，as a group，to have developed dementia by 2004，including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular (血管的) dementia.

This did not mean a person who is pessimistic could assume he or she has a higher risk of developing dementia.

“One has to be cautious in interpreting a study like this，”Geda said.

“One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say，‘Well，I am a pessimist；thus，I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later，’because this may end up becoming a self?fulfilling prophecy (预言)．”

And there is NOT any specific way to prevent dementia，although many studies have shown that a healthy diet，exercise，keeping active in other ways，doing puzzles and other activities lower the risk.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A．It is impossible for people to avoid dementia.

B．People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.

C．If we have a healthy diet，we would have no chance of getting dementia.

D．A person who is pessimistic has a higher risk of developing dementia.

2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?

A．There are many ways to prevent dementia effectively.

B．A person who is pessimistic is sure to get dementia.

C．Those who lead a happy life will not get dementia when they are old.

D．Those who scored high for pessimism might have a higher risk of dementia.

3.Which of the following does NOT help reduce the risk of getting dementia according to the passage?

A．A healthy diet.? B．Proper exercises.

C．Doing puzzles.? D．Getting up early.

4.Which of the following words is not close to the meaning of the word “pessimistic”？

A．Cheerless.? B．Optimistic.

C．Unhappy.? D．Upset.

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.D

4.B

【解析】

解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段就点明了主题，整篇文章都围绕悲观、压抑等情绪更容易使人患痴呆症这一论断展开。

2.2】　D

解析　细节理解题。由最后一段可知A项错误；悲观者患痴呆症的可能性会更大而不是一定会患痴呆症，所以B项错误，D项正确；生活幸福的人也不一定就一定不会患痴呆症。

3.3】　D

解析　细节理解题。最后一段提到健康饮食、常运动、猜字谜等有助于预防痴呆，而文中并没有涉及到有关“早起床”的信息。

4.4】　B

解析　词义猜测题。由文章知，pessimistic与anxious和depressed意义接近，而A、C、D三项与这两个词的意思也接近，只有optimistic意为“乐观的”，与pessimistic意义相反。

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In my profession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS．The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life．They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages． Let me tell you about Tyler．

Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected．From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive．When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest．This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back．Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream．At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing．

This dreaded（可怕的） disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler．He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV - infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．

A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, " I might die soon．I’m not scared．When I die, please dress me in red．Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too．I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me．"

his HIV - infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．

What is the boy Tyler's attitude towards death?

A．pessimistic（悲观的）． B．optimistic． C．sorrowful． D．fearful．

Tyler requested the writer to dress him in red when he died simply because___________．

A．red is a lucky color B．red might help to cure him

C．his mom could spot him easily D．he could find more mates by wearing red

Which of the following might serve as a possible title for this passage?

A．My unusual profession． B．A caring mother．

C．Mother and son． D．Dying in red．

The underlined word dynamo in the fourth paragraph here means_______．

A．a promising and helpful youth

B．an extremely energetic person

C．a rare and beautiful flower

D．a magic and understanding superstar

I am quite ______ that the new cosmetics, whether it appears in the form of tablet, capsule, powder or injection, will _______ through the country among young ladies.

A．optimistic about; sweep	B．optimistic ; sweep
C．pessimistic; spread	D．pessimistic about; spread

Berlin---China’s endeavor(efforts) to enhance(step up) environmental protection, energy-saving and gas emission-cut(减排) and build a resource-conserving society is of great significance to the world, said Klaus Toepfer, former chief of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in a recent interview with Xinhua.

“Such a move is in the interest of the entire world, and meets the need of the global sustainable development（可持续性发展）,” he added.

ACHIEVEMENTS

“As a member of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED), I have seen the strong determination of China’s leadership,” said Toepfer.

“The performance of the Chinese central and regional governments during the process of urbanization(城市化进程) also makes me believe that it has become the consensus（共识）of all the governments to protect the environment, save energy, cut greenhouse gas emission, and to build an resource-conserving society.”

The expert took Shanghai as an example. “The Shanghai government is fully aware of the importance of an energy-saving and resource-efficient structure.”

To make Shanghai an eco-friendly city, the municipal government（市政府）has taken measures such as building more sewage processing facilities（污水处理设备）, limiting the number of cars to help ease traffic jam and improve air conditions, he said, describing them as quite impressive.

He also noted many changes in the government’s policies concerning manufacturing and service industries（加工、服务业）, an indication of China’s new approach to environmental protection and energy conservation.

For instance, China has given higher priority（优先）to the proper handling of carbon dioxide emission. The country has also actively been engaged in the research and development of electricity-powered cars and cars that use alternative energy.

MORE TO BE DONE

However, despite the positive results, more needs to be done in China, the former UN environment chief said.

China still needs to make tremendous efforts to tackle tough challenges such as to protect water resources, reduce air pollution and enhance energy efficiency, he added.

Toepfer suggested that China introduce advanced new technologies on environmental protection and energy-saving from other countries, and actively participate in international cooperation projects on environmental protection and energy conservation as the country already has a strong scientific and economic capability.

On the negative impacts of the ongoing financial crisis on environmental protection and energy conservation, Toepfer said the impacts are obvious, but only of short duration. As governments’ measures to stabilize financial markets take effect, environmental protection and energy conservation will again become the world's major concern, he said.

67. The passage may probably be entitled ______.

A. China's environmental protection crucial (至关重要的)to the world

B. China’s achievements and tasks in environmental protection

C. China’s contributions to the sustainable development of the world

D. China’s determination in face of the ongoing financial crisis

68. In Toepfer’s opinion, the major concern at present is ______.

A. energy conservation B. environmental protection

C. carbon dioxide emission D. financial crisis

69. Toepfer’s attitude towards the ongoing financial crisis is ______.

A. contradictory B. negative C. optimistic D. pessimistic(悲观的)

70. Which of the following statements is true referring to the passage?

A. Regional governments’ work is not so efficient.

B. Efforts made by China have won the appreciation of the world.

C. The present financial crisis will last for several years at least.

D. At present China should introduce new technologies on production.

根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。

A．Focus on your relationships．

B．Think about what to do next step．

C．Take good care of your body．

D．Try to avoid over thinking．

E．Set up a proper goal for yourself．

F．Practice acts of kindness．

Five Happiness Secrets For Tough Times

Sonja Lyubomirsky, an author, has researched the science of happiness for years．

Here are her tips to help you cope with a bad economy, and increase your bursts of happiness throughout the day．

1.________

“You could spend a lot of time thinking deeply,” says Lyubomirsky．“But that just makes you feel even more pessimistic, more out of control, and affects your self esteem．Your relationships will suffer and your job performance will suffer．”

Get rid of pessimism．One of the most effective ways to cope when things are difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy．“What can I learn from this? Times are tough, I’ve been furloughed at work, but I can spend more time with the kids, adopt a new hobby, or learn a new set of skills．”

2.________

Now more than ever we need each other to survive．Lyubomirsky found that doing good things for friends, family, or strangers can make you happier．Think of practical, everyday gestures that can make someone’s life a little bit easier．For example, Lyubomirsky says, “Maybe now many of us can’t afford to take a cab to the airport, so offer to give a friend a ride．”

3.________

You don’t need an expert to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness．

Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid’s needs can weigh down hard on your family life．But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on caring for your loved ones．

“I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects of this economy on families and how parents can’t afford to buy their kids luxuries like toys anymore,” says Lyubomirsky．“But what they don’t realize is that kids don’t care about toys — what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on them．”

4.________

“If you find a happy person you will find a project,” says Lyubomirsky．“Happy people all have goals they care about．”

Commit yourself to a project – whether it is a business you want to start or a dance you want to learn．But it’s also important to remember to be flexible in these times．

Don’t get frustrated if circumstances are stopping you from meeting your goals．Adopt and change!

“If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal,” says Lyubomirsky．“Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job．”

5.________

When times are tough, it’s easy to get skip your regular workouts in favor of moping in front of the TV and eating a bag of chips．Your thinking is “I have more important things to worry about right now than looking good．”

But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC．It will go a long way in boosting your happiness．“Even if you can’t afford to go to the gym,”

Lyubomirsky says, “take time out to exercise at home．”

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