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“进化”不了的爱
孙君飞
进化论包含着残酷的丛林法则，也隐含着生命的自私自利性。一个生命个体要想很好地生存下去，必须要将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”，否则优胜劣汰的只能是自己。不过，人们在观察工蜂时，惊讶地发现，它们并未受到进化论的影响，它们混沌若当初，或者说它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，这使它们成为生命进化中的另类。
工蜂属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，因此它们自身没有繁殖能力。这种缺陷可怕而又不幸，然而工蜂对此无动于衷，甘愿终身携带着缺陷而生，从未奢望将自身进化得更完美更强悍。值得称道的是，工蜂的适应性反而很强大，它们拥有相当厉害的武器——毒刺，刺上长有倒钩，一旦“亮剑”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的双刃剑，在伤及侵害者的同时，自己的生命也面临着终结。
蜜蜂家族中令人难以置信的社会结构更加震惊着世人的心灵，在这里一切都那么井然有序，合乎“法则”，一切又那么一往情深，合乎“生命之爱”。蜜蜂的利他主义行为也许会让达尔文难以理解，失去繁殖能力却能够将各种特征和习性一代代传承下去的工蜂可能更让达尔文目瞪口呆吧。答案其实很简单，一切都源于蜜蜂与众不同的遗传结构。换言之，存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，只有它们才会驱使工蜂去鞠躬尽瘁地照顾其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命，甚至为对方牺牲自己，却无怨无悔。
蜂后产下的受精卵天生高贵，常常会孵化出雌性幼蜂，而延续高贵的办法只有一个：它们只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王浆之后，才能发育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后，否则它们在长大后依然属于工蜂——从出生时开始，便将生命献给蜂群、终日辛劳的工蜂！
由于小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，从身形外貌上看，彼此也几乎一模一样，这也许使工蜂顿感一阵甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然：站在我面前的，莫不是又一个“我”？我由此获得了新生，得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂养小蜂后的过程中，彼此的血缘关系升至最亲密最牢固。它们原本不是毫不相关的两个，而是见证生命延续、利他友爱的两个。因为相同的基因存活在它们的生命之中，工蜂在潜意识里将蜂后看得比自己的生命更为重要，为了对方、也为了另一个“我”和“我们”，它们可以在必要时完全放弃自己现实的生命及其未来。
（选自在《思维与智慧》有删节）
下列关于“工蜂”的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是
A．作为生命个体，工蜂的生命隐含着自私自利性，要想不被淘汰，它必须将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”。
B．工蜂之所以成为生命进化中的另类，是因为它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，并未受到进化论的影响。
C．工蜂的适应性很强，尾部长有倒钩的毒刺是相当厉害的武器，在伤及侵害者的同时，工蜂的生命也意味着终结。
D．从出生开始，就为蜂群而终日辛劳的工蜂，能把各种特征和习性一代代传承下去，靠的是与众不同的遗传结构。
下列有关“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述，符合原文意思的一项是
A．蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂，产下的受精卵天生高贵，孵化出雌性幼蜂，幼蜂长大以后就成为新一代蜂后。
B．工蜂自身没有繁殖能力，属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，不能孵化幼蜂。
C．存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，它驱使工蜂分泌蜂王浆，鞠躬尽瘁地照顾和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。
D．蜂后负责产卵，工蜂负责喂养幼蜂，因而小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，身形外貌上也几乎一模一样。
下列根据原文信息所作的推断，不正确的一项是
A．采粉、酿蜜、饲喂幼虫的工蜂是蜂群的主体，儿歌唱的“小蜜蜂，整天忙，采花蜜，酿蜜糖”，指的就是工蜂。
B．蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序，合乎“法则”，合乎“生命之爱”，人类如果借鉴了这种社会结构．可能会更有利于社会和谐。
C．为了蜂后和后代，工蜂不惜牺牲自己，是因为它们有奉献精神，潜意识里将蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。
D．工蜂一生从事的是利他的事业，而不是优化自己的结构来繁衍后代，从这一点来看， 达尔文的进化论“适者生存”不科学。
查看习题详情和答案>>My grandfather took me to the fish pond on the farm when I was seven. He told me to throw a__21____into the water. And he told me to watch the____22___created by the stone. Then he asked me to__ 23__ of myself as that stone.
“You may24 lots of splashes (飞溅 ) in your life,___ 25___the waves that come from those splashes will ___26____the peace of all your fellow___27_____,”he said.
“Remember that you are ___28____for what you put in your circle and that the circle will also___29____many other circles. You will need to live in the ___30____that allows the good that comes from your circle to ___31____the peace of that goodness to___32____. The splash that comes from anger or jealousy will send those___33_____to other circles. You are responsible for____34_____.”
That was the first time I ___35_____each person creates the inner peace or discord (冲突) that ____36_____out into the world. We cannot create world peace if we are ___37____with inner conflicts, hatred, ____38______, or anger. We radiate (流露) the feelings and thoughts that we hold ____39_____,whether we speak them out or not. Whatever is splashing around inside of us is spilling out into the world, creating beauty or discord with all other circles of life.
We are ____40_____to everything and everyone else around in the universe.
21. A. stick B. brick C. stone D. ball
22. A. holes B. circles C. drops D. waters
23. A. think B. accuse C. regard D. warn
24. A. produce B. damage C. prevent D. create
25. A. but B. because C. while D. for
26. A. cut B. disturb C. bring D. block
27. A. students B. friends C. creatures D. workers
28. A. proud B. helpful C. respectful D. responsible
29. A. hear B. leave C. strike D. touch
30. A. family B. situation C. way D. hurry
31. A. send B. provide C. destroy D. keep
32. A. them B. nobody C. someone D. others
33. A. tastes B. smells C. feelings D. views
34. A. all B. both C. neither D. any
35. A. realized B. recognized C. admitted D. promised
36. A. flows B. takes C. picks D. brings
37. A. prepared B. filled C. presented D. supplied
38. A. honesty B. truth C. doubt D. modesty
39. A. forward B. outside C. inside D. upward
40. A. referred B. intended C. devoted D. connected
查看习题详情和答案>>A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.
Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.
Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way.
The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.
When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.
1.The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when ____________.
A. the star is going to die
B. special tools are used on it
C. other stars come close to it
D. it is seen from the space telescopes
2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.
B. The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.
C. Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes.
D. Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.
3.The underlined word “galaxy” in Paragraph 5 means __________.
A. a black hole B. the Milky Way
C. a series of stars D. a planet near the earth
4.What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A. Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.
B. There is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
C. The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.
D. There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”.
5.The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _________.
A. what a black hole is
B. how black holes form
C. how big black holes are
D. how scientists know about black holes
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It was a perfect day, just the right kind of day to go fishing.
My 13-year-old son Jonathan and I had been 26 this trip for weeks, and now we were sitting on the shore of a beautiful lake.
We 27 and talked, and then, suddenly, I saw small 28 where my float(浮子) had been. I waited, 29 it would pop right back up again, but the 30 stayed underneath the water and my heart started to beat 31 . After a few more seconds, my fishing rod was suddenly pulled off the stick it was leaning on 32 me and it was being dragged towards the water.
I firmly caught hold of the fishing rod and lifted it up. This fish was 33 ! Slowly, my son balanced on two rocks and leaned down to get the giant off the fishhook.
For just one second, he lost his 34 and reached up with his right hand to steady 35 . At that moment, our huge fish got off the fishing line and started to swim 36 .
I saw tears streaming down Jonathan’s face. “Dad, I’m sorry. I’ll never be able to 37 this up to you.” I reached out and put my hands on his shoulders. I said the following 38 almost without thinking. “Jon, how did you feel 39 I was reeling(往卷轴上绕起) that fish in? Were you excited?” He nodded and said, “ Dad, I’ve never been so 40 in my whole life!” I replied, “ Jon, wasn’t that about the most fun thing we’ve ever done together?” He nodded his head in 41 . Then I said, “So, why should we let a fish getting away 42 possibly the best experience we’ve ever had? Let’s be happy about the fun we did have.”
My son, 43 his arms around me and said, “ Dad, I love you so much!” I 44 him back and said softly into his ear, “I love you too, Jon.”
We 45 did catch that big fish. But I’ve known ever since that I didn’t let the most important thing get away that day.
26. A. promoting B. setting C. appreciating D. planning
27. A. ran B. fished C. lay D. listened
28. A. holes B. objects C. birds D. waves
29. A. thinking B. watching C. pointing D. discovering
30. A. pole B. float C. stick D. fishhook
31. A. regularly B. quietly C. curiously D. heavily
32. A. behind B. on top of C. in front of D. against
33. A. huge B. white C. alive D. beautiful
34. A. balance B. temper C. health D. bucket
35. A. him B. it C. itself D. himself
36. A. up B. beyond C. along D. away
37. A. pick B. make C. build D. speed
38. A. comments B. apologies C. songs D. words
39. A. although B. while C. unless D. since
40. A. reliable B. excited C. forgetful D. puzzled
41. A. agreement B. surprise C. guilt D. happiness
42. A. bring B. ruin C. shake D. mend
43. A. folding B. getting C. showing D. throwing
44. A. held B. followed C. hugged D. formed
45. A. really B. never C. once D. merely
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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals their career(职业).Even fewer will be 1 by the whole world, 2 the title of United Nations Messenger(使者) of Peace.
But one woman has 3 all that. She has lived with chimpanzees in the African forest for more than 20 years and made great 4 .This woman is Jane Goodall. She was born in London, England, in 1934.Goodall’s lifelong 5 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11,Goodall 6 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young 7 didn’t think of having such “wild” actions. But she was 8 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of 9 and never give up looking for a way.
When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957,she readily 10 .Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家) Dr. Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Goodall was the 11 person he was looking for to begin a 12 of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.
In July 1960, Goodall arrived at Gombe National Park in Tanzania. At the beginning, studying the chimpanzees was not 13 for her. The animals fled from her 14 , so it took months for her to get close to them. With a strong 15 , she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too 16 . Gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence.
She discovered many things of chimpanzees during her first years at Gombe National Park. In October 1960,she observed a chimpanzee making and using 17 to fish for termites (白蚁).This discovery threw 18 on the popular idea at the time that Man was the world’s only toolmaker. The longer Goodall’s research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very 19 to humans.
Since the mid-1980s, Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people’s sense about environmental 20 . “Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love,” she said.
1.A. recognized B. known C. accepted D. admitted
2.A.receiving B. giving C. enjoying D. having
3.A.done B. proved C. achieved D. realized
4.A.discoveries B. decisions C. choices D. findings
5.A.study B. interest C. sense &n bsp; D. dream
6.A.was fond of B. tired of C. insisted on D. dreamed of
7.A.boys B. girls C. men D. women
8.A.encouraged B. prevented C. advised D. forced
9.A.knowledge B. youth C. hope D. chances
10.A.accepted B. refused C. hesitated D. considered
11.A.only B. last C. special D. first
12.A.project B. study C. center D. career
13.A.hard B. interesting C. easy D. convenient
14.A.in surprise B. in a hurry C. as expected D. in fear
15.A.will B. body C. desire D. mind
16.A.far B. near C. soon D. much
17.A.nets B. tools C. holes D. spoon
18.A.doubt B. light C. questions D. beliefs
19.A.close B. similar C. friendly D. helpful
20.A.improvement B. protection C. pollution D. destruction
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