题目内容

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.

Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.

Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way.

The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.

Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.

A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.

When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.

1.The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when ____________.

A. the star is going to die          

B. special tools are used on it

C. other stars come close to it      

D. it is seen from the space telescopes

2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.

B. The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.

C. Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes.

D. Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.

3.The underlined word “galaxy” in Paragraph 5 means __________.

A. a black hole                       B. the Milky Way

C. a series of stars                    D. a planet near the earth

4.What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?

A. Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.

B. There is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

C. The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.

D. There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”.

5.The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _________.

A. what a black hole is        

B. how black holes form

C. how big black holes are    

D. how scientists know about black holes

 

【答案】

 

1.A

2.C

3.C

4.D

5.D

【解析】

试题分析：文章介绍黑洞的形成，它的特点以及科学家探索研究黑洞的方法。

1.细节题：根据文章第一段中“This can happen when a star is dying.”可知恒星的死亡可能会形成黑洞。故选A。

2.细节题：根据第三段中“These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain”这些黑洞可能会非常小，但是有一座山一样的质量，可知A正确；根据倒数第二段中“A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole.”黑洞不可见是因为强大的引力将所有的光线吸进黑洞的中间，可知B项正确；根据最后一句“Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.”科学家们使用卫星和太空望远镜查看高能光，可知科学家不是用自己的眼睛，因此C错误；根据第六段中“Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began.”科学家认为最小的黑洞在宇宙开始时形成，可知D项正确。故选C。

3.推理题：根据第四段中“Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way”地球所在的星系叫银河系，常理可知星系是有很多星星组成的。故选C。

4.推理题：根据第五段最后一句“The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.”在银河系中心的超大质量黑洞的质量相当于四百万个太阳,是一个可以容纳几百万地球在内的巨大的球，由此可知这是在解释什么叫做“超大质量黑洞”。故选D。

5.推理题：阅读最后两段内容可知是在介绍科学家是如何找到黑洞的。故选D。

考点：考查科普教育类阅读

 

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Tess still stood hesitating like a swimmer about to make his dive, hardly knowing whether to return or move forward, when a figure came out from the dark door of the tent. It was a tall young man, smoking.
He had an almost black face, though red and smooth. His moustache was black with curled points, though he could not be more than twenty-three or-four. There was all unusual force in his face, and in his daring rolling eyes.
“Well, my beauty, what can I do for you?” said he, coming forward. And seeing that she was quite at a loss: “Never mind me, I am Mr. d’Urbervilles. Have you come to see me or my mother”
This differed greatly from what Tess had expected. She had dreamed of an aged and dignified face. She tried to keep calm and answered-“I came to see your mother, sir.”
“I am afraid you cannot see her-she is ill in bed,” replied the representative of the house; for this was Mr. Alec, the only son of the noble family. “What is the business you wish to see her about?”
“It isn’t business-it is-I can hardly say what.”
“Pleasure”
“Oh no. Why, sir, if I tell you, it will seem…”
Tess’s sense of a certain ridicule was now so strong that despite her general discomfort at being here, her rosy lips curved（弯曲）towards a smile, much to the attraction of the young man.
“It is so foolish,” she stammered（结结巴巴地说）; “I fear I can’t tell you”
“Never mind; I like foolish things. Try again, my dear,” said he kindly.
“Mother asked me to come,” Tess continued, “and, indeed, I was in the mind to do so myself.  But I did not think it would be like this. I came, sir, to tell you that we are of the same family as you.”
“Ho! Poor relations!”
“Yes.”
“Stokes”
“No; d’Urbervilles.”
“Ay, ay; I mean d’Urbervilles.”
“Our names are worn away to Durbeyfield; but we have several proofs that we are d’Urbervilles. The local scholars hold the view that we are, …and…and we have an old seal（印章）and a silver spoon marked with the same castle as yours. So mother said we ought to make ourselves known to you, as we’ve lost our horse by a bad accident; we can hardly make a living.”
“Very kind of your mother, I’m sure.” Alec looked at Tess as he spoke, in a way that made her uneasy. ”And so, my pretty girl, you’ve come on a friendly visit to us, as relations.”
“I suppose I have,” looking less confident and uncomfortable again.
“Well—there’s no harm in it. Where do you live? What are you?”
—Tess of the d’Urbervilles By Thomas Hardy
67. How does Tess feel in the whole course of the meeting with Alec？
A. Excited and hopeful                                 B. Nervous and uncomfortable
C. Surprised but comfortable                             D. Pleased but embarrassed
68. In the eyes of Tess, Alec is ________.
A. forceful and daring                                 B. unfriendly and talkative
C. a gentle and reliable man                             D. older than she had expected
69. Why does Tess pay the visit to the d’Urbervilles？
A. To see Alec himself.    
B. To see Alec’s mother.
C. To confirm that they are of the same family.
D. To make known their relationship and seek help.
70. Alec appears quite friendly to Tess mainly because ________.
A. Tess is his distant relation                       B. Tess looks polite to him
C. Toss is a pretty girl                         D. Tess looks ridiculous


D
Tess still stood hesitating like a swimmer about to make his dive, hardly knowing whether to return or move forward, when a figure came out from the dark door of the tent. It was a tall young man, smoking.
He had an almost black face, though red and smooth. His moustache was black with curled points, though he could not be more than twenty-three or-four. There was all unusual force in his face, and in his daring rolling eyes.
“Well, my beauty, what can I do for you?” said he, coming forward. And seeing that she was quite at a loss: “Never mind me, I am Mr. d’Urbervilles. Have you come to see me or my mother”
This differed greatly from what Tess had expected. She had dreamed of an aged and dignified face. She tried to keep calm and answered-“I came to see your mother, sir.”
“I am afraid you cannot see her-she is ill in bed,” replied the representative of the house; for this was Mr. Alec, the only son of the noble family. “What is the business you wish to see her about?”
“It isn’t business-it is-I can hardly say what.”
“Pleasure”
“Oh no. Why, sir, if I tell you, it will seem…”
Tess’s sense of a certain ridicule was now so strong that despite her general discomfort at being here, her rosy lips curved（弯曲）towards a smile, much to the attraction of the young man.
“It is so foolish,” she stammered（结结巴巴地说）; “I fear I can’t tell you”
“Never mind; I like foolish things. Try again, my dear,” said he kindly.
“Mother asked me to come,” Tess continued, “and, indeed, I was in the mind to do so myself.  But I did not think it would be like this. I came, sir, to tell you that we are of the same family as you.”
“Ho! Poor relations!”
“Yes.”
“Stokes”
“No; d’Urbervilles.”
“Ay, ay; I mean d’Urbervilles.”
“Our names are worn away to Durbeyfield; but we have several proofs that we are d’Urbervilles. The local scholars hold the view that we are, …and…and we have an old seal（印章）and a silver spoon marked with the same castle as yours. So mother said we ought to make ourselves known to you, as we’ve lost our horse by a bad accident; we can hardly make a living.”
“Very kind of your mother, I’m sure.” Alec looked at Tess as he spoke, in a way that made her uneasy. ”And so, my pretty girl, you’ve come on a friendly visit to us, as relations.”
“I suppose I have,” looking less confident and uncomfortable again.
“Well—there’s no harm in it. Where do you live? What are you?”
—Tess of the d’Urbervilles By Thomas Hardy
67. How does Tess feel in the whole course of the meeting with Alec？
A. Excited and hopeful                                 B. Nervous and uncomfortable
C. Surprised but comfortable                       D. Pleased but embarrassed
68. In the eyes of Tess, Alec is ________.
A. forceful and daring                                  B. unfriendly and talkative
C. a gentle and reliable man                       D. older than she had expected
69. Why does Tess pay the visit to the d’Urbervilles？
A. To see Alec himself.    
B. To see Alec’s mother.
C. To confirm that they are of the same family.
D. To make known their relationship and seek help.
70. Alec appears quite friendly to Tess mainly because ________.
A. Tess is his distant relation                      B. Tess looks polite to him
C. Tess is a pretty girl                     D. Tess looks ridiculous

A tall figure appeared from the dark door of the tent. It was a smoking young man about twenty three or four. He had an almost black face, though smooth. His moustache was black with curled points. There was an unusual force in his face, and in his daring rolling eyes. cef

　　Rebecca still stood hesitating like a swimmer about to make his dive, hardly knowing whether to return or move forward.

         "Hi, my beauty, what can I do for you?" said he, approaching. Realizing that she was quite at a loss, the man spoke in a gentle voice, "Never mind. I am Mr. Thackeray. Have you come to see me or my mother?"

　　This scene differed greatly from what Rebecca had expected. She had dreamed of an aged and dignified(威严的) face. She told herself to be calm and answered "I came to see your mother, sir."

　　"I am afraid you cannot see her-she is ill in bed," replied the representative of the house; for this was Mr. Alee Thackeray, the only son of the noble family. "What is the business you wish to see her about?"

　　"It isn't business-it is-I can hardly say what!"

　　"Pleasure?"

　　"Oh no. Why, sir, if I tell you, it will seem..."

　　Rebecca's sense of a certain ridicule(奚落，讥笑) was now so obvious and strong that, despite her general discomfort at being here, her rosy lips curved(弯曲) towards a smile, much to the attraction of the young man.

　　"It is so foolish", she murmured. "I fear I can't tell you!"

　　"Never mind; I like foolish things. Try again, my dear," said he kindly.

　　"Mother told me to come," Rebecca continued; "and, indeed, I was in the mind to do so myself. But I did not expect it would turn out like this. I came…sir, I came to tell you that we are of the same family as you."

　　"Ho Ho! Poor relations?"

　　"Yes."

　　"Rossetti?"

　　"No. Thackeray."

　　"Ay, ay; I mean Thackeray."

　　"Our names are worn away to Durbeyfield; but we have several proofs that we are Thackeray. The local scholars hold the view that we are, and...and we have an old seal and a silver spoon marked with the same castle as yours. So mother said we ought to make ourselves known to you, as we've lost our horse by a bad accident. We can hardly make a living."

    "It’s very kind of your mother, I'm sure." Alec looked at Rebecca as he spoke, in a way that made her uneasy. "And so, my pretty girl, you've come on a friendly visit to us, as relations?"

　　"I suppose I have," looking less confident and uncomfortable again.

"Well, there's no harm in it. I mean it doesn’t hurt to come and make yourself known to me. Where do you live? What are you?" …

1.While meeting with Alec, Rebecca feels _______during the whole course.

A. nervous and uneasy

B. excited and hopeful

C. amazed and comfortable

D. pleased but embarrassed.

2.Which of the following is suitable to describe Rebecca’s impression of Alec?

A. unfriendly and ta lkative

B. forceful and daring

C. gentle and reliable

D. older than expected

3.What is Rebecca’s real purpose of making this visit?

A. To see Alec himself.

B. To see Alec's mother.

C. To confirm that they are of the same family.

D. To make known their relationship and seek help.

4.From the passage, we can conclude that Alec appears quite friendly to Rebecca largely because __________.

A. Rebecca is his distant relation

B. Rebecca looks polite to him

C. Rebecca is a pretty girl

D. Rebecca looks ridiculous

 

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分）

Tess still stood hesitating like a swimmer about to make his dive, hardly knowing whether to return or move forward, when a figure came out from the dark door of the tent. It was a tall young man, smoking.

He had an almost black face, though red and smooth. His moustache was black with curled points, though he could not be more than twenty, three or four. There was an unusual force in his face, and in his daring rolling eyes.

"Well, my beauty, what can I do for you?" said he, coming forward. And seeing that she was quite at a loss: "Never mind me. I am Mr. d'Urberville. Have you come to see me or my mother?"

This differed greatly from what Tess had expected. She had dreamed of an aged and dignified face. She tried to keep calm and answered, "I came to see your mother, sir."

"I am afraid you cannot see her—she is ill in bed," replied the representative of the house; for this was Mr.Alee, the only son of the noble family."What is the business you wish to see her about?"

"It isn't business—it is— I can hardly say what!"

"Pleasure?"

"Oh no. Why, sir, if I tell you, it will seem—"

Tess's sense of a certain ridicule was now so strong that, despite her general discomfort at being here, her rosy lips curved(弯曲) towards a smile, much to the attraction of the young man.

"It is so foolish," she stammered(急急巴巴地说); "I fear I can't tell you!"

"Never mind; I like foolish things. Try again, my dear," said he kindly.

"Mother asked me to come," Tess continued; 'and, indeed, I was in the mind to do so myself. But I did not think it would be like this.I came, sir,to tell you that we are of the same family as you."

"Ho! Poor relations?"

"Yes."

'Stokes?'

"No; d'Urbervilles."

"Ay, ay; I mean d'Urbervilles."

"Our names are wom away to Durbeyfield; but we have several proofs that we are d'Urbervilles. The local scholars hold the view that we are,and we have an old seal(印章) and a silver spoon marked with the same castle as yours. So mother said we ought to make ourselves known to you, as we've lost our horse by a bad accident; we can hardly make a living."

"Very kind of your mother, I'm sure.' Alec looked at Tess as he spoke, in a way that made her uneasy. 'And so, my pretty girl, you've come on a friendly visit to us, as relations?"

"I suppose I have," looking less confident and uncomfortable again.

"Well-there's no harm in it. Where do you live? What are you?"

                                  —Tess of the d'Urbervilles By Thomas Hardy

61. How does Tess feel in the whole course of the meeting with Alec?

      A. Excited and hopeful.          B. Nervous and uncomfortable.

      C. Surprised but comfortable.           D. Pleased but embarrassed.

62. In the eyes of Tess, Alec is _______________.

      A. forceful and daring            B. unfriendly and talkative

      C. a gentle and reliable man      D. older than she had expected

63. Why does Tess pay the visit to the d'Urbervilles?  

      A. To see Alec himself.

      B. To see Alec's mother.

      C. To confirm that they are of the same family.

      D. To make known their relationship and seek help.

64. Alec appears quite friendly to Tess mainly because __________.

      A. Tess is his distant relation      B. Tess looks polite to him

      C. Tess is a pretty girl             D. Tess looks ridiculous

  Tess still stood hesitating like a swimmer about to make his dive, hardly knowing whether to return or move forward, when a figure came out from the dark door of the tent. It was a tall young man, smoking.

He had an almost black face, though red and smooth. His moustache was black with curled points, though he could not be more than twenty-three or –four. There was an unusual force in his face, and in his daring rolling eyes.

‘Well, my beauty, what can I do for you?’ said he, coming forward. And seeing that she was quite at a loss: ‘Never mind me. I am Mr. d’Urberville. Have you come to see me or my mother?’

This differed greatly from what Tess had expected. She had dreamed of an aged and dignified face. She tried to keep calm and answered---

‘I came to see your mother, sir.’

‘I am afraid you cannot see her---she is ill in bed,’ replied the representative of the house; for this was Mr. Alec, the only son of the noble family. ‘What is the business you wish to see her about?’

‘It isn’t business---it is ---I can hardly say what!’

‘Pleasure?’

‘Oh no. Why, sir, if I tell you, it will seem--- ’

Tess’s sense of a certain ridicule was now so strong that, despite her general discomfort at being here, her rosy lips curved(弯曲) towards a smile, much to the attraction of the young man.

‘It is so foolish’, she stammered(结结巴巴地说); ‘I fear I can’t tell you!’

‘Never mind; I like foolish things. Try again, my dear,’ said he kindly.

‘Mother asked me to come,’ Tess continued; ‘and, indeed, I was in the mind to do so myself. But I did not think it would be like this. I came, sir, to tell you that we are of the same family as you.’

‘Ho! Poor relations?’

‘Yes.’

‘Stokes?’

‘No; d’Urbervilles.’

‘Ay, ay; I mean d’Urbervilles.’

‘Our names are worn away to Durbeyfield; but we have several proofs that we are d’Urbervilles. The local scholars hold the view that we are, ---and ---and we have an old seal(印章) and a silver spoon marked with the same castle as yours. So mother said we ought to make ourselves known to you, as we’ve lost our horse by a bad accident; we can hardly make a living.’

‘Very kind of your mother, I’m sure.’ Alec looked at Tess as he spoke, in a way that made her uneasy. ‘And so, my pretty girl, you’ve come on a friendly visit to us, as relations?’

‘I suppose I have,’ looking less confident and uncomfortable again.

‘Well---there’s no harm in it. Where do you live? What are you?’

                                     ---Tess of the d’Urbervilles By Thomas Hardy

63. How does Tess feel in the whole course of the meeting with Alec?

   A. Excited and hopeful.                 B. Nervous and uncomfortable.

   C. Surprised but comfortable.            D. Pleased but embarrassed.

64. In the eyes of Tess, Alec is ______.

   A. forceful and daring                  B. unfriendly and talkative

   C. a gentle and reliable man             D. older than she had expected

65. Why does Tess pay the visit to the d’Urbervilles?

   A. To see Alec himself.

B. To see Alec’s mother.

   C. To confirm that they are of the same family.

   D. To make known their relationship and seek help.

66. Alec appears quite friendly to Tess mainly because ______.

   A. Tess is his distant relation             B. Tess looks polite to him

   C. Tess is a pretty girl                  D. Tess looks ridiculous

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