Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment，a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention? We asked Dr. Martin Brown. Chairman of the department of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.   

First，the medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration(严重划破，撕裂伤). Dr. Brown says the length is usually not as important as the depth. He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. “If you have a short but deep laceration where there’s been a structure underneath that's been damaged a tendon，a nerve，a blood vessel,”says Martin，“it may, in fact，need professional attention. ”

Some injuries —like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair. That requires a specialist to either file(锉平) down the bone or reattach the fingertip. More often，filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.

How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. Minor cuts usually produce what is known as venous(静脉)bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. Dr. Brown says in most cases holding direct pressure with clean gauze or a cloth for four to five minutes should stop the bleeding. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force，this may be a sign of arterial(动脉)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.

Even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty. Dr Brown says cuts should be covered with a clean, dry bandage. 

1. What does the writer want to tell the readers in the first paragraph? 

2. According to the passage，_____________________.

3. The underlined word “reattach” in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to ________________.

4. Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage?

5. The best title of this passage should be ______________________.

Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky(棘手的). Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.
It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves（袖子） and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends（潮流）, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.
The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective（客观的）, and to actively convince（使确信） yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting（促进，晋升） a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!
【小题1】You need to build a positive self-image when you _________.

Dear Brad ,
I am a boy in the first grades of a senior high school . I feel uneasily recently . At home I feel like prisoner . I am not allowed to watch TV or surf the Internet . The only thing I have to do it is studying . Every time I got a low mark , my parents will scold me sharply . There's a generation gap among my parents and me , but it's always difficult to communicate . Life are supposed to be colorful and wonderful , isn't it ? How should I devote all my time and energy to the study so as to entering a good university ? I am very unhappy and lost . I need your help .
Best wishes ,
Li Ping

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time．Without treatment, a bad cut can lead to permanent damage．But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention?

Here are some tips from Dr．Martin Brown, chairman of the department of emergency at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia．

1．Laceration （裂口）

The medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration． 1.   A long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep．However, if you have a short but deep laceration, you will need professional attention,

2．Fingertips cut off

Some injuries, like a fingertip that gets cut off, might even need surgery （外科手术） to repair． 2.More often, cutting down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful．

3．Bleeding

 3. Small cuts usually produce what is known as venous （静脉的） bleeding．This means the blood flows steadily from the injury．The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound．In most cases holding direct pressure with a clean cloth for four to five minutes would do. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial （动脉的） bleeding．____4.__

Finally, always keep this in mind: even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection．Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water．_5.  Then cover it with a clean, dry bandage．

E．Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty．

F．With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood．

G. The length is usually not as important as the depth．