题目内容

Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment,a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention? We asked Dr. Martin Brown. Chairman of the department of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.   

First,the medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration(严重划破,撕裂伤). Dr. Brown says the length is usually not as important as the depth. He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. “If you have a short but deep laceration where there’s been a structure underneath that's been damaged a tendon,a nerve,a blood vessel,”says Martin,“it may, in fact,need professional attention. ”

Some injuries —like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair. That requires a specialist to either file(锉平) down the bone or reattach the fingertip. More often,filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.

How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. Minor cuts usually produce what is known as venous(静脉)bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. Dr. Brown says in most cases holding direct pressure with clean gauze or a cloth for four to five minutes should stop the bleeding. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force,this may be a sign of arterial(动脉)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.

Even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty. Dr Brown says cuts should be covered with a clean, dry bandage. 

1. What does the writer want to tell the readers in the first paragraph? 

A.Hospital emergency rooms always treat injured fingers.

B.A bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention.

C.Dr Martin Brown is in charge of Inova Alexandra Hospital.

D.It is important for us to be able to tell how serious a finger cut is.

2. According to the passage,_____________________.

A.a finger cut without treatment will certainly lead to permanent damage

B.the length of a cut on a finger is more important than the depth

C.a long but not very deep cut often doesn’t need professional attention

D.a short but deep laceration that’s been damaged need professional attention

3. The underlined word “reattach” in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to ________________.

A.repair

B.rebuild

C.reconstruct

D.reconnect

4. Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage?

A.How a wound bleeds can show us how serious the wound could be.

B.Venous bleeding will often stop when we put pressure on the wound.

C.Holding up the hand with a finger cut can reduce the loss of blood.

D.Arterial bleeding should get professional treatment as soon as possible.

5. The best title of this passage should be ______________________.

A.Hospital Emergency Treatments For Injured Fingers

B.When a Cut Finger Is More Serious Than It Might Seem

C.Serious Finger Cut That Requires Medical Attention

D.Keep Finger Cuts Clean to Prevent Serious Infection

 

【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.B

【解析】

试题分析:

1.D 推理判断题,根据第一段的Without treatment,a bad cut can lead to permanent damage可知,作者是为了让读者知道其重要性

2.C 事实细节题,根据第二段的He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep可知

3.D 猜测词义题,根据该段前面的like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair可知,此处指的是要重新接上断掉的手指

4.C 事实细节题,根据第四段的But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force,this may be a sign of arterial(动脉)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible可知,C错误

5.B 主旨大意题,根据主体段第一段的内容可知,文章主要讲述的是什么时候的手指切伤是严重的。

考点:考查科普类短文阅读

点评:本文主要讲述的是什么时候的手指切伤是严重的。科普类文章的关键在于扫除文章中的词汇障碍,要根据上下文的串联,同义词,近义词以及定义等来猜测词义。对于文章中的细节题,要注意文章中的细节的理解。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断。

 

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A Swedish man was dug out alive after being snowed in his car on a forest track for two months with no food, police and local media reported on Saturday.

The 45-year-old from southern Sweden was found on Friday, February17, too weak to say more than a few words.

He was found not far from the city of Umea in the north of Sweden by snowmobilers who thought they had come across a ruined car until they dug their way to a window and saw movement inside.

The man, who was lying in the back seat in a sleeping bag, said he had been in the car since December 19.

“Just incredible that he’s alive considering that he had no food, but also since it’s been really cold for some time after Christmas.” a rescue team member told regional daily Vasterbottens- Kuriren, which broke the news.

Ebbe Nyberg, duty officer at the Umea police, said police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time.

“We would not make up something like this. The rescue services were on site too and saw the same as us.” he told Vasterbottens-Kuriren.

Umea University Hospital, where the man is recovering after being rescued by police and a rescue team, said in a statement he was doing well considering the circumstances.

Doctors at the hospital said humans would normally be able to survive for about four weeks without food. Besides eating snow, the man probably survived by going into a dormant-like(休眠似的) state, physician Stefan Branth told Vasterbottens-Kuriren.

“A bit like a bear that hibernates. Humans can do that.” he said. “He probably had a body temperature of around 31 degrees which the body adjusted to. Due to the low temperature, not much energy was used up.”

“Why the man ended up under the snow in the forest remains unknown,” police said.

1.Who found the Swedish man in the snow?

A.Snowmobilers      B.The police         C.A rescue team      D.Local people

2.“Police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time.” implies that     .

A.police didn’t think it true                B.police were sure of the fact

C.police had some doubt on the fact          D.police had reasons to doubt the fact

3.The reason why the man could survive was most probably that     .

A.he was only forty-five year old             B.he did not use any energy

C.he slept in the sleeping bag                D.he was in a dormant-like state

4.Which is the correct order of the following events?

a.The Swedish man was stuck in the snow.     b.He was sent to Umea University Hospital.

c.He was found by snowmobilers.            d.He was recovering after treatment.

e.He stayed in his car for nearly two months.   f.He was dug out by people.

A.e, a, c, d, f, b       B.a, e, c, f, b, d        C.a, f, c, e, b, d       D.e, c, f, a, d, b

5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A.A Traffic Accident                       B.A Long Sleep in Winter

C.An Incredible Survival                    D.A Successful Rescue

 

阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。

首先,请阅读以下有关电视节目的信息。

A. TV1 7:20 p.m. Find out more about Australia’s animal life. This film was made last year by one of Australia’s best-known cameramen, Dougie Bond. He spent over 200 hours filming the birds, animals and fish that inhabit this beautiful continent and for the first time brings some of these unusual animals to our TV screens.

B. TV3 9:00p.m. The popular science programme is back with the latest in technology and medicine. This week, cars that run on sunlight and the story of one baby’s fight to live.

C. TV2 8:10p.m. Do you think what goes into the food most of us eat every day of the week? Tonight’s programme takes a serious scientific look at the bread industry. Whether you bake your own bread or just enjoy buying it, this programme will give you an interesting insight into something most of us eat every day of the week.

D. TV1 5:15p.m. Busy parents? Bored children? Do you want something educational to entertain your children while you do something else? This popular magazine programme is for the under-fives. More music, fun, songs and games with Carla and Larry.

E. TV3 8:45p.m. If you’ve always wanted to cook, now it’s your chance to learn. In the studio are two chefs who will take you through some simple recipes step by step. This is a repeat of the popular series shown last year, and available from good bookshops.

F. TV3 7:40p.m. The latest new music. Pete Hogg looks at the best of the current rap, raga and new jack swing plus new video releases. This is the programme that tells you all about what’s happening on the music scene and brings you interviews with tomorrow’s young artists.

请阅读以下观众的信息,然后匹配与其适合的电视节目。

1.Rob leads a quiet life in a small village, but that doesn’t stop him from wanting to find out about the latest scientific development.

2.Bella enjoys eating out but can’t afford to spend very much at the moment as she is saving for a holiday. She has never learnt how to cook, so now it might be quite a good time to find out!

3.Dan is interested in taking wildlife photographs and enjoys the kind of programme which gives him a chance to see a professional photographer at work.

4.Gina is a music teacher. Although she prefers classical music, she likes to follow the kind of music that interests the teenagers she teaches.

5.Ron’s wife is in hospital. He wants to finds a programme suitable for his three-year-old son while he gets on with the housework and prepares a meal.

 

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

Empathy

Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __1__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __2__

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __3__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __4__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.

What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __5__

To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

B.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

C.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

D.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.

E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

G. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

 

Diao Weihao, a student who studies business English at the Chengdu campus of Sichuan International Studies University, was in his dormitory when the earthquake struck at 2:30 pm on Monday.

The 22-year-old felt that his chair was shaking. All of a sudden, the textbooks on the bookshelf began to fall to the floor. The glass in the window broke.

“It felt like our dormitory building was being hit by a tractor,” recalled Diao. “I wasn’t afraid.. I was even excited and curious. Now, looking back, it was a scary experience.”

Diao and his roommates kept their calm. They didn’t try to get out of the building until the shaking stopped. They were on the fifth floor and they feared there might be trouble if they didn’t remain calm.

“We’ve watched lots of disaster films, and that helped us keep cool,” he said. “Only one student sprained(扭伤) his ankle. He was escaping in a hurry. Most of us got outside quickly and safely.”

They were surprised to see so many students outside.

“I began to realize then what had happened,” he said. The college had warned them that in the event of an earthquake, they should leave the dormitory immediately. A few did rush in when it was safe to grab some clothes to keep warm.

Without any tents or bedding, the students stayed on the football field for the whole night. Rain started falling in the morning, but the students all kept in good order. They simply chatted and shared their feelings and comforted each other.

“Our students seemed to have self-control,” he said. “I heard that hospitals in Chengdu have lots of injured people who jumped out of buildings.”

Now, Diao is mostly worried about the people in Wenchuan County.

“It seems we won’t be able to have classes in one or two day’s time,” said Diao. “I want to become a volunteer at the damage-hit area, or donate my blood to the injured people in hospital. Also, I will write on my blog to keep people calm and encourage them to protect themselves during emergencies.”

Since the university is close to Dujiangyan, Diao and his classmates are still forbidden to return to their dorms or classrooms. However, they can eat in the canteen and get information about other parts of Sichuan by reading the newspapers.

1.Where was Diao Weihao when the earthquake happened?

A.He was in the campus.

B.He was in the football field.

C.He was in his dormitory

D.He was in his classroom.

2.What did Diao Weihao feel when he realized what was happening?

A.Afraid

B.Interesting

C.Moved

D.Calm

3.When did Diao Weihao and his classmates rushed outside?

A.During the quake

B.The moment they realized what was happening

C.After the quake

D.When they got warnings.

4.Rearrange the following events in the proper order according to the passage.

a. They got out of buildings safely.

b. Diao Weihao was in his dormitory.

c. Diao Weihao wanted to be a volunteer.

d. Many classmates went out of the building.

e. An earthquake happened.

f. They stayed on the football field for the whole night.

A.b→e→a→d→f→c

B.b→e→d→a→f→c

C.e→a→b→d→c→f

D.f→a→c→f→e→d

5.From this passage, we know that Diao Weihao and his classmates are _________.

A.energetic and strong in will

B.wise and caring

C.hardworking and learned

D.helpful and honest

 

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