Are you an optimist?

“Optimism is the belief that good things will happen to you and that negative events are temporary setbacks (挫折) to be overcome” — this is how the Mayo Clinic, one of the best hospitals in the US, defines (为……下定义) optimism.

       Pessimists tend to believe in Murphy’s Law — “Anything that can go wrong will go wrong” — and don’t bother to “waste” their time solving problems. Optimists, by contrast, do not give up easily.

       According to Suzanne Segerstrom, psychology (心理学) professor at the University of Kentucky, US, optimists react to difficult situations head-on. They seek advice from others and stay focused on solutions. Even if they fail in the end, they still look for something good in every situation or use it to gather experience and grow in a positive way as a person.

       Being an optimist does have its benefits. Optimists are more likely to be happy, popular and successful. Studies have shown that optimists tend to live longer too. According to The New York Times, optimists take better care of themselves and do not tend to develop life-shortening habits, such as smoking, drinking, overeating and getting too stressed.

       Whether you are an optimist or a pessimist has a lot to do with genes. But the way you are raised and the effort you yourself put into building your levels of optimism also make a difference. Segerstrom suggests that “act first and the right feeling will follow”.

       “People can learn to be more optimistic by acting as if they were more optimistic,” wrote Segeratrom in her book, Breaking Murphy’s Law. She suggested that this would stop one from giving up after every single little failure. “You might succeed more than you expected,” she wrote.

       Researchers at the Mayo Clinic also offered several suggestions. Focus on the things that you can control instead of worrying about possible failures. Try to see the good aspects in every situation; even if you are just mopping the floor, take time to stand back and admire how shiny and clean the floor looks when you are done. Hang around with optimistic and cheerful people, and they will help you see the brighter side of life.

72. What do people who live by Murphy’s Law tend to do?

   A. See negative events as temporary.             B. Give up in the face of problems.

   C. Make an effort to solve problems.        D. Seek for advice from others.  

73. Why are optimists more likely to succeed?

   A. They often have fewer unhealthy habits.

   B. They react more quickly than pessimists.

   C. They focus more on solutions and learn from failures.

   D. They usually work harder than pessimists do.

74. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

   A. Pessimists tend to live longer than optimists.

   B. Staying with cheerful people is the best way to be optimistic.

   C. It’s better to get rid of life-shortening habits if you want to be optimistic.

   D. Acting as if you are more optimistic helps build your level of optimism.

75. Which of the following is the best title?

   A. The Definition of Optimism                          B. Why not Be an Optimist?

   C. Optimism and Pessimism                            D. Murphy’s Law

 

       In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style. But no two shows are more different in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.

       Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk”. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality (道德) to a different level. The Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation (利用) of society’s moral disasters, yet people are willing to eat up the difficulties of other people’s lives. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show, which is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.

Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual’s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work weekly, to getting to know your neighbors.

       The Oprah show’s main target audience are middle-class Americans. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society.

       While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit (圈子) for many years now. Each one has a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans and both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.

68. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ________.

   A. more family-oriented(以家庭为中心的)    B. extremely popular

   C. more different                                               D. very formal

69. According to the passage, the talk show hosted by Jerry Springer ________.

   A. aims at middle class American                  B. is filled with talk that are useless

   C. makes people disappointed in society  D. teaches people something valuable

70. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows ________.

   A. are intended for different audiences                               

B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature

C. appear at different times of the day

D. have the same theme

71. The passage is mainly about ________.

   A. the importance of television talk shows

   B. the popularity of television talk shows

   C. two different but outstanding talk shows

   D. two famous talk show hosts: Jerry and Oprah

 

1. The Video Camera Pen                                                              Item 78431; $ 129.95

       Available for Immediate Shipment                            Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484

       This is the pen that has a built-in video camera, capturing videos or still images with a click of its button. Ideal for use while secured in a pocket, it can capture up to five hours of video and up to 20,000 images. Its battery provides up to two hours of power before requiring a recharge.

2. The Wristwatch Camcorder                                                      Item 78098; $ 149.95

       Available for 3-day Shipment                                   Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484

This is the men’s watch with an unnoticeable camcorder, so you’ll always have a camera ready to capture a chance famous person or a pet’s ridiculous actions. The camera is located at the two-o’clock position, yet the watch’s hands never make it covered. The camera’s rechargeable battery provides up to two hours of use from a four-hour charge.

3. The Only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theatre              Item 77918; $ 249.95

       Available for Immediate Shipment                            Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484

       This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away. It connects to a video iPod, iPhone, portable DVD player. Includes two AA batteries that provide up to six hours of continuous operation and iPod cable.

4. The Digital Photo Album Watch                                                Item 77281; $ 99.95

       Available for Immediate Shipment                          Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484

       This is very easy to use. It vividly displays 120 of your favorite digital photographs. You can download digital photographs to the watch. The watch can be viewed in the Photo Album mode (time and photo view) or digital mode (time and date view). A six-hour charge provides up to 10 days of use.

64. What’s the purpose of this passage?

   A. To compare some creative inventions.

   B. To advertise some unique goods.

   C. To teach how to operate the items.

   D. To show how fashionable the items are.

65. What do Item 78431 and Item 78098 have in common according to the passage?

   A. They both sell well.                               B. They are both cheap.

   C. They both have unusual appearances.      D. They both can take photos.

66. If you’re a movie fan, you probably show strong interest in ________.

   A. The Video Camera Pen

   B. The Wristwatch Camcorder

   C. The Only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theatre

   D. The Digital Photo Album Watch

67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

   A. Item 77281 is user-friendly.

   B. Item 77918 can work as a DVD player.

   C. All the items include rechargeable batteries.

   D. The price of Item 78098 is the highest of the four.

       India’s mobile users were 563.73 million at the last count, enough to serve nearly half of the country’s population.

       But just 366 million people—around a third of the population—had access to proper sanitation(卫生设施;下水道设施), said the study published by the UN University, a UN think tank.

       “It is a tragic irony(讽刺) to think in India, a country now wealthy enough that about half of the people own phones, so many people cannot afford the basic necessity and quality of a toilet,” said UN University director Zafar Adeel.

       Adeel heads the UN University’s Institute for Water, Environment and Health, based in the Canadian city of Hamilton, which prepared the report.

       Worldwide, an estimated 358 billion dollars is needed between now and 2015 to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the proportion (比例) of people with poor sanitation from 2000 levels.

       “Proper sanitation could do more to save lives, especially those of young people, improve health and help pull India and other countries in similar conditions out of poverty than any other investment (投资),” Adeel said.

       Poor sanitation is a major contributor to water-borne diseases, which in the past three years alone killed an estimated 4.5 million children under the age of five worldwide, according to the study.

       “The report gave a rough cost of 300 dollars to build a toilet, including labor, materials and advice. The world could expect a return of up to 34 dollars for every dollar spent on sanitation through improved productivity and reduced poverty and health costs,” said Adeel. He said improving sanitation was “an economic and humanitarian opportunity of historic proportions”.

60. The population of India is ________.

   A. less than 1 billion                                        B. about 1.2 billion

   C. about 900 million                                         D. about 800 million

61. Improving sanitation can play an important role in the following EXCEPT _______.

   A. improving the quality of mobiles

B. saving lives of young people

   C. pulling developing countries out of poverty

   D. preventing water-borne diseases

62. The underlined word “rough” probably means ________.

   A. exact                        B. approximate            C. wild                         D. unpleasant

63. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

   A. Indians are so poor that they can’t afford to build toilets.

   B. Zafar Adeel is the president of the UN University.

   C. Zafar Adeel isn’t satisfied with the toilet situation in India.

   D. All people will have access to proper sanitation in 2015.

There once was a king who offered a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all the pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them. One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful towering mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged(高低不同的) and bare. Above was an angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightening played. Down the side of the mountain tumbled a waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush(灌木丛) growing in a crack(缝隙) in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest. There, in the middle of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest—in perfect peace.

Which picture do you think won the prize? The king chose the second picture. Do you know why?

“Because,” explained the king, “peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the middle of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace.”

56. What was in the first picture?

   A. A mirror with a mountain in it.               B. A river connected with a lake.

   C. A mountain with a lake circling it.         D. A lake with mountains around it.

57. The underlined “tumbled” in Paragraph 2 is closest to the meaning of ________.

   A. opened                     B. fell                          C. climbed                   D. saw

58. Why did the king think the second picture was better?

   A. There was rugged and bare mountains in it.

   B. There was an angry sky in which lightning played.

   C. There was a mother bird sitting peacefully with much noise on.

   D. There was a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock.

59. The passage mainly tells us ________.

   A. how to paint                                                

B. what kind of work will win in the contest

C. the real meaning of peace

D. a particular story of the king

Jim Black did not think much when he bought a small cat from a pet store. Yet right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He  36 her Inky.

“I grew up on a hundred-acre farm and had only cats  37 playmates,” Black, the seventy-year-old man, says. “My hearing was damaged by the  38 of farm equipment, so I learned to connect with  39 . They react to what they see and what you do. ”

  Inky was a gentle cat,  40 the house with five other cats. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did  41 that would set her apart from  42 cats forever.

   Black had gone down to the basement to  43 the wood stove for the night. When he was finished, he  44 to the top of the stairs and reached to turn off the lights. In doing so, he slipped and  45  his back against an old shelf. The heavy shelf came crashing down and sent Black down the stairs.

   46 in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Black felt  47  going into shock(休克). He shouted for help,  48 his wife, Brenda, was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite end of the house.  49 Black noticed Inky watching from the top of the stairs.

  “Go get Brenda,” Black said to Inky.

Inky  50 to the bedroom door and scratched(抓;刮)  51 until Brenda opened it. Then Inky led her to the 52 . Brenda found her husband  53 the stairs and called 911. Black was rushed to the hospital. “I spent six months  54 there,” says Black. “Although I became lame(跛的), I was blessed.” Since the accident, Inky has  55 left Black’s side.   

36. A. gave           B. chose        C. named    D. remembered

37. A. like       B. as       C. except        D. among

38. A. sound            B. alarm         C. noise          D. voice

39. A. animals   B. friends         C. farmers   D. neighbors

40. A. sharing         B. visiting         C. dividing   D. discovering

41. A. anything        B. nothing        C. something      D. everything

42. A. familiar         B. lovely          C. ordinary   D. outstanding

43. A. shut out        B. shut off        C. shut down      D. shut up

44. A. marched       B. flew           C. struggled       D. climbed

45. A. bent         B. hit           C. shook    D. pulled

46. A. Falling    B. Lying         C. Appearing      D. Thinking

47. A. it      B. itself          C. him     D. himself

48. A. and           B. but          C. or       D. so

49. A. Thus           B. Or             C. Then    D. Rather

50. A. walked    B. ran           C. returned       D. fell

51. A. rapidly    B. suddenly        C. madly    D. carefully

52. A. bedroom       B. basement       C. yard        D. house

53. A. at the bottom of    B. in the middle of   C. at the top of       D. in the front of

54. A. regretting      B. resting     C. relaxing     D. recovering

55. A. never         B. ever      C. still        D. already

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