假如你是李华，你的一位美国笔友Tom 正在纽约孔子学院学习汉语。他在学习中国成语时碰到了困难，写信向你寻求帮助。请先认真阅读他的电子邮件，然后回复。

Hey, Li Hua,

How’s everything going? It’s almost a year since we last met in China.

Now I am studying Chinese in Confucius, NYC. Chinese is beautiful but rather difficult, especially the idioms. Yesterday I came across an idiom called Ba Miao Zhu Zhang. I’ve learnt of the story behind it but still don’t know its implied meaning. Could you tell me about it and the context where the idiom is properly used?

Plus, can you give me some tips on how to learn the idioms well?

Thank you so much for your help.

Yours,

Tom

注意：

1. 词数150字左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

2. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

3. 参考词汇：拔苗助长to pull up the seedlings to help them grow

Hi, Tom,

How are you? I am so glad to hear from you. You mentioned the Chinese idiom, Ba Miao Zhu Zhang. Well,                   ▲                                             

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Wish you every success in your Chinese study.

Yours,

Li Hua

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。

Language follows power. In an increasingly globalized world, some languages become the kings in terms of trade and communication. They jump geographic boundaries, pushing smaller languages toward extinction.

By some estimates, about half of the world’s languages could disappear by the end of this century as communities abandon native tongues in favor of English, Mandarin or Spanish. This is why the web behemoth(巨兽), Google, is launching a new undertaking called the Endangered Languages Project to save endangered languages. It aims to digitally record the world’s little-known tongues and the heritages they are essential to.

What kind of languages are disappearing?

Languages like Arogonese, which can be found in northern Spain, for example. Spoken by fewer than 10,000 people, this language is likely to have disappeared within a few generations because so few children actually learn it. Navajo and Ojibwa, both native to the Americas, are also close to extinction. So is Koro, the native language of a small population living in the mountains of northeast India. It’s spoken by no more than 4,000 people.

What will Google’s website actually do?

Www.endangeredlanguages.com will record roughly 3,500 of the world’s little-spoken tongues. The Endangered Languages Project website states, “with every language that dies we lose an enormous cultural heritage; the understanding of how humans relate to the world around us; scientific, medical and botanical knowledge; and most importantly, we lose the expression of communities’ humor, love and life.”

How can users experience the languages?

Users of the website will be able to access 3,054 endangered languages. They can find languages which can be identified by their location on a map, or via a list that’s broken down into four categories: at risk, endangered, severely endangered and vitality unknown.

Users can upload video or audio samples as well as share their knowledge of a language.

“Languages are entities that are alive and in constant flux, and their extinction is not new,” write the site’s creators. “But today we have the tools and technology at our fingertips that could become a game changer.”

Title: New Google Site Aims To (76)  ▲   Endangered Languages

请认真阅读下列各小题所给的两句句子，在空格处填上一个单词，使两句句子语义保持不变。请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。（注意：不得使用第一句中的原词。）

71.　 Medicine should be placed out of children’s reach.

Medicine should not be placed where it is ___________ to children.

72.　 He is never late for appointments. What has happened to him today?

He is always 　　 ▲　　 for appointments. What has happened to him today?

73.　 Believe it or not, in our city library, I met with a man who looked like my brother.

Believe it or not, in our city library, I met with a man 　　 ▲　　 my brother.

74.　 The mum gave an angry lecture to the child because he would not sit still.

　 The child got __________ by his mother because he would not sit still.

75.　 She asked her old friends for advice when she was in trouble.

She 　　 ▲　　 advice from her old friends when she was in trouble.

请认真阅读小列各小题，并根据上下文语境和所给首字母的提示，写出下列各句空格中的单词，注意保持语义和形式的一致。请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。

66.   ---Can the plane have taken off on time?

---I’m afraid not. So many flights were p       ▲        due to the bitterly cold weather.

67.   ---Chinese food or Japanese food? Which is your p      ▲      ?

---Neither. I’d like to have some Italian food.

68.   ---What did the local government do after the Ya’an Earthquake?

---Well, the first thing they did was to provide a      ▲       for the homeless families.

69.   ---Excuse me, but can I take the flight with this ticket?

---There should be no problem. Your ticket is v      ▲       until the end of this month.

70.   ---What impresses you most about Mrs. Green’s garden, the flowers, the bushes or whatever?

---How the garden is l      ▲      out.

Mr. Helton was the closest mouthed fellow Mr. Thomson had ever met up with all his day. The first day Mr. Helton was hired to work for Thomson’s family, they tried, at the dinner table after work, to engage Mr. Helton in conversation, but it was a failure. They tried first the weather, and then the crops and then the cows, but Mr. Helton simply did not reply. Mr. Thomson then told something funny he had seen in town. It was about some of the other old farmers, friends of his, giving beer to a goat, and the goat’s following behavior. Mr. Helton did not seem to hear. Mrs. Thomson laughed dutifully, but she didn’t think it was funny. She had heard it often before, though Mr. Thomson, each time he told it, pretended it had happened that same day. It must have happened years ago if it ever happened at all, and it had never been a story that Mrs. Thomson thought suitable for mixed company. The whole thing came of Mr. Thomson’s weakness for drinking too much now and then. She passed the food to Mr. Helton, who took every serving of all the foods, but not much, not enough to keep him up to his full powers if he expected to go on working the way he had started.

At last he took a fair-sized piece of cornbread, wiped his plate up as clean as if it had been licked up by a dog, stuffed his mouth full, and, still chewing, slid off the bench and started for the door.

“Good night, Mr. Helton,” said Mrs. Thomson, and the other Thomsons took it up. “Good night, Mr. Helton!”

“Good night,” said Mr. Helton’s voice from the darkness.

“Gude not,” said, Arthur, imitating Mr. Helton.

“Gude not,” said Hert, the copycat.

“You don’t do it right,” said Arthur. “Now listen to me. Guuuuuuude, naht.” Herbert almost went into a fit with joy.

“Now stop that,” said Mrs. Thomson. “He can’t help the way he talks. You ought to be ashamed of yourselves, both of you, making fun of a poor stranger like that. How’d you like to be a stranger in a strange land?”

“I’d like it,” said Arthur. “I think it would be fun.”

“They’re both regular heathens, Ellie. We’ve got to raise them. We can’t just let them grow up wild.” said Mr. Thomson. He turned the face of awful fatherhood upon his young. “You’re both going to get sent to school next year, and that’ll knock some sense into you!”

“It’s no use picking on them when they’re so young and tender.” She went on in another tone. “That Mr. Helton seems all right, even if he can’t be made to talk. I wonder how he comes to be so far from home.”

62. What did Mrs. Thomson think about her husband’s telling the funny story to Mr. Helton?

A. Her husband did a right thing to interest Mr. Helton.

B. It was not proper to tell such a story to a stranger.

C. The story was funny enough to attract Mr. Helton.

D. It was her duty to laugh in the presence of a stranger.

63. From the passage, we can infer that ________.

A. Mr. Helton was a quiet and unhappy man

B. Mr. Helton worked hard before coming for dinner

C. Mr. Thomson would be very kind to Mr. Helton

D. Mrs. Thomson didn’t like Mr. Helton’s accent

64. The underlined expression “regular heathens” in Paragraph 10 indicates that Mr. Thomson was ________.

A. angry with their children’s behavior

B. eager to send their children to school

C. disappointed at his children’s school education

D. confident school would change their children

65. At the end of the passage Mrs. Thomson returned to the topic about Mr. Helton because she was ________.

A. interested in Mr. Helton’s pronunciation

B. worried about her difficulties in communication

C. curious about Mr. Helton’s coming from far away

D. trying to change her husband’s emotion

Her name may be 501, but she’s more than just a number. The lovely sea otter(水獭) is the star of Otter 501, a new film from Sea Studios Foundation.

Otter 501 was just a few days old when she lost her parents in June 2010. Washed onto a beach along California’s Big Sur coast, the pup(幼崽) could have died. Instead, she got a second chance at life after being taken to an aquarium(水族馆). There she learned from an adoptive otter mom how to be an otter. In the film, it’s Katie Pofahl who finds the troubled pup on the shore. Through the young volunteer’s eyes, we follow 501’s journey from the day of her rescue to her release into the wild in Elkhorn Slough. But while the fluffy star’s story has a happy ending, the film reminds us of the threats that remain against California’s sea otters.

Mark Shelley is the executive director of Sea Studios and producer of Otter 501. He hopes the movie will encourage more young people to get involved in protecting the otter’s ocean habitat. Time For Kids (TFK) spoke with Shelley and Pofahl about sharing the otter’s tale.

TFK:      How much of the film is fact, and how much is fiction?

Shelley:   The story of 501 and the explanation of the natural history of the sea otter are fact. But we needed a good storyteller to tell the story. That’s where Katie Pofahl’s character came in. Katie’s story in the film is partly fictionalized. She is a trained biologist from the Midwest who moved out here, like her character, so all that is true. She wasn’t really a volunteer at the aquarium, but she did go through the training for the film.

Pofahl:    I was one of the last people to get involved in the project. Mark and Sea Studios put out a casting call for a marine biologist. I responded with a little video, and the team liked it. So, I was brought on to help tell 501’s story.

TFK:       What did you learn about otters during filming that you didn’t know before?

Pofahl:    I’m a zoologist, and I love studying animals. I came onto this project thinking that I knew almost everything there was to know about otters. But I learned some things. Otters keep busy because they live in such cold waters. Unlike other marine mammals, they do not have blubber(鲸油，鲸脂) to keep warm. So, they are constantly moving and eating. And they are a keystone(基本的) species, which means they help to structure the environment they live in. There are endless things to learn. That’s what I love about this job.

TFK:       What do you hope people will take away from the film?

Pofahl:    We have an amazing opportunity to help people become aware of how they impact the world. People will watch the movie to see this lovely otter, but it can also be an entry point into conservation. We want to show people that these animals are amazing and that they are at risk and that they are worth protecting. We also want to show people, especially young women, anyone can get involved in science. It’s been an amazing experience for me.

59. We can conclude from the text that sea otters ________.

A. prefer to live in warm ocean waters

B. stay quiet most of the time and don’t eat much

C. are a dangerous species faced with extinction（灭绝）

D. are a key element in the marine life environment

60. Which of the following statements about the film Otter 501 is TRUE according to the text?

A. The film is about the tragic story of an otter that lost its parents.

B. The character of Katie Pofahl is based completely on a real life person.

C. The director of the film is worried about the trouble faced by California’s sea otters.

D. The movie was shot to raise awareness about the natural history of otters.

61. Which of the following is the right order of events?

a. Otter 501 got an adoptive otter mom at the aquarium.

b. Otter 501 was rescued at the Big Sur coast.

c. Otter 501 lost its parents.

d. Katie Pofahl got involved in the project of Otter 501.

e. Otter 501 was released into the wild in Elkhorn Slough.

A. c-d-b-a-e                 B. b-c-a-e-d                  C. c-b-a-d-e                D. b-a-c-e-d

Armed with an eye for style and a heart for the environment, Charlotte Latin senior, Alexis Giger launched a do-it-yourself blog, ecouturieracg.wordpress.com, aimed at “reducing your environmental impact fashionably.”

The idea was sparked(引发) by the ecology unit in her biology class at Charlotte Latin School last year, she said, which taught her about issues like deforestation and habitat destruction. “I started thinking about what I could do to stop the wastefulness in my immediate community,” the fashion lover said.

Ecouturier aims to make reusing thrift store（廉价旧货店） finds or last season’s pieces easy and fashionable while cutting down on the resources consumed by garment production, Alexis said. Through online research, she discovered that a simple cotton T-shirt takes more than 700 gallons of water to make.

“It made me realize that the fashion industry consumes（消耗） huge amounts of natural resources as it relies on producing garments quickly and in large supply – many of the garments are only intended to be worn three or four times,” she said.

Alexis had a number of tools to help her get started. Her mom, Kimberly, taught her to sew when she was 5. Her grandmother taught her to crochet(钩边) around the same time. Alexis said she also gained technical knowledge and inspiration from her part-time job at a clothing company that creates theatre wardrobes(戏装) for schools and drama productions.

Before the blog launch, she spent several months illustrating “recycling” projects by creating photo tutorials(指南). Though Ecouturier hasn’t been online long, she’s been getting positive feedback. “I’ve had people come up to me in the hall and say, ‘Hey, I saw your blog. I’m working on one of the projects right now.’” Alexis said.

She said she hasn’t bought a brand-new piece of clothing since last July, and her thrift store shopping has paid off with finds such as a $5 (31 yuan) dress she wore to homecoming.

“Taking an hour from Saturday afternoon to make something for yourself can really have an impact on the environment. A little change every day can really add up,” Alexis said.

55. What inspired Alexis to launch a do-it-yourself blog?

A. Her talent at making handicrafts.

B. Her fascination with the fashion industry.

C. Her part-time work experiences.

D. Her growing concern for the environment after taking a biology class.

56. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A. In order to promote her blog, Alexis is spending a lot of time online every day.

B.The projects on Alexis’ blog have convinced some people to try recycling clothes themselves.

C. Alexis has been dreaming of working in the fashion industry since she was a child.

D. To start the blog, Alexis learned from her mother and grandmother how to sew and crochet.

57. The underlined word “feedback” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. attitude                    B. advice                      C. response                D. approach

58. Which of the following best describes Alexis?

A. Creative and responsible.                                B. Smart and cooperative.

C. Independent and humorous.                                   D. Fashionable and amusing.

Preface to the fourth edition

A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated（解释）with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational（会话） usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.

In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.

1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.

2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.

3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.

4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.

In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.

51. The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________.

A. a middle school teacher                      B. a college student

C. a senior high student                                D. a primary school student

52. According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ________.

A. compares modern English with old English

B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty

C. attaches more importance to conversational forms

D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms

53. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.

B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.

C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.

D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.

54. When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that ________.

A. the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same

B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”

C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says

D. the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people

I was at the post office early that morning, hoping to be in and out in a short while. Yet, I   31   myself standing in a queue that went all the way into the hallway. I had never seen so many people there on a weekday. It seemed someone might have made an announcement, welcoming customers to carry as many   32   as they could and bring them in when I needed to have my own package   33  . The queue moved very slowly. My patience ran out and I got   34  . The longer it took, the angrier I became. When I got to the counter finally, I finished my   35   quickly and briefly, and then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.

“Excuse me,” I said, trying not to be too pushy(爱出风头的). Several people had to move   36   to make room for me to get to the   37  .

I stepped out, complaining about the   38   conditions. Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot.

A woman was coming across the lot in my   39  . She was walking with determination, and each step sounded very heavy. I   40   that she looked as if she could breathe fire. It stopped me in my tracks. I   41   myself and it wasn’t pretty. Had I looked like that? Her body language said that she was having a   42   day. My anger melted away. I wished I could wrap her in a hug but I was a   43  . So I did what I could in a minute   44   she hurried past me－I smiled. In a second everything changed. She was astonished, then somewhat   45  . Then her face softened and her shoulders   46  . I saw her take a deep breath. Her pace slowed and she smiled back at me as we passed each other.

I continued to smile all the way to my   47  . Wow, it’s amazing what a simple smile can do.

From then on, I became aware of people’s   48   and my own, the way we show our feelings. Now I use that   49   every day to let it   50   me that when facing the world, I can try a smile.

31. A. found                        B. helped                      C. troubled                   D. enjoyed

32. A. things                        B. packages                  C. chances                   D. dollars

33. A. lifted                          B. cashed                            C. weighed                   D. carried

34. A. pleased                      B. disappointed              C. delighted                  D. annoyed

45. A. business                     B. choice                      C. situation                   D. attitude

36. A. away                         B. about                       C. along                       D. aside

37. A. counter                      B. cashier                            C. exit                          D. entrance

38. A. weather                            B. service                            C. work                       D. shopping

39. A. satisfaction                 B. decision                    C. direction                   D. imagination

40. A. announced                 B. discovered                C. proved                            D. noticed

41. A. trusted                       B. recognized                C. hid                           D. persuaded

42. A. rough                        B. bright                       C. big                           D. nice

43. A. gentleman                  B. stranger                    C. customer                  D. passenger

44. A. until                           B. though                            C. before                      D. since

45. A. attracted                    B. frightened                 C. cheered                    D. confused

46. A. trembled                    B. raised                       C. relaxed                     D. tightened

47. A. car                                   B. office                       C. home                       D. doctor

48. A. appearances               B. reactions                  C. behaviors                 D. expressions

49. A. treatment                   B. awareness                C. conclusion                D. achievement

50. A. remind                       B. show                       C. give                         D. tell

 —What a pity! I almost passed the driving test.

—______. I told you to be careful, didn’t I?

   A. Honesty is the best policy

B. Failure is the mother of success

C. One false step will make a great difference

D. If you venture nothing, you will have nothing