阅读下面短文, 并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带)groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket? ” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping!  Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

1. The underlined words “chrome-plated contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to             . (No more than 3 words)

2. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? (No more than 10 words)

____________________________________________________________________

3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words)

____________________________________________________________________

4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think of Goldman?  Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)

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阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到题后相应的位置上(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

Rome had the Forum, London has Speaker’s Corner. Now always-on-the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.

Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.

Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,  “Talk to Me. ” they attract conversationalists,  who one evening included a mental patient,  and men in business suits.

They don’t collect money.  They don’t push religion(宗教).  So what’s the point?

“To see what happens, ” said Liz. “ We simply enjoy life with open communication. ”

Shortly after the September 11,  2001 attacks,  they decided to walk from New York City to Washington,  a 270-mile trip.  They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.

“It started as a crazy idea, ” Liz said.  “ We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories.  People will talk to us about anything:their jobs,  their clothes,  their childhood experiences,  etc. ”

Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take.  She had stopped by for the second time in two days,  to let the two listeners know how it went.

Marcia had lost her husband in a serious disease.  “That was very heavy on my mind, ” Marcia said,  “To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good, ” she explained.

To celebrate a year of talking,  the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year.  A few hundred people showed up,  as well as some television cameramen and reporters.

They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks.  Some publishers have expressed interest in a book,  something they say they’ll consider. 

76. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 11, 2001 attacks?  (no more than 5 words)

____________________________________________________________________

77. What they have been doing can be described as ___________. (one word)

78. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?  (no more than 20 words)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

79. According to the text ,  what will Liz and Bill do in the future?  (no more than 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________

80. According to the text ,  how do they like the idea of writing a book? (no more than 6 words)

____________________________________________________________________

Who are these people rushing by you in the street?  More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world. If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands. The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “Americans” is really not true. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits. They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives—such as in schools, business, and sports—but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This “side-by-side” living style has both advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another. However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands. There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America. Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers.

71. More than 215 million people call America “home” because_______.

A. they buy their houses there

B. they settle there now

C. they get married there

D. they were born there

72. “Side-by-side” living style means_______ .

A. making friends with native people and keeping their own cultures

B. keeping their own customs while sharing American ones in certain areas

C. the groups of people who live nearby

D. that they get closer to American society

73. According to the passage, people in the USA_______ .

A. share American customs and culture

B. live in a kind of “side-by-side” society

C. keep their own customs and habits firmly

D. make no choice to accept American customs

74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. They always stick to their own customs and habits.

B. “Side-by-side” living style is not suitable.

C. They face the society they are not familiar with and make changes in their customs.

D. The advantages coming from the variety of cultures make life in America colorful.

75. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Advantages and Disadvantages

B. Different Customs and Habits

C. Home for the People

D. “Side-by-side” Living Style in America

Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock in London. The name was given in honor of Sir Benjamin Hall, who was in charge of the work when the bell was built in 1856.

The clock has become a landmark of the United Kingdom and London, particularly in the visual media. When a television or film-maker wishes to quickly show a non-UK audience a certain location in Britain, a popular way to do so is to show an image of the Clock Tower.

The Clock Tower is a focus of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with radio and TV stations turning to its chimes(报时钟声) to welcome the start of the year.

Londoners who live a proper distance from the Clock Tower and Big Ben can, by means of listening to the chimes both live and on the radio or television, hear the bell strike thirteen times on New Year’s Eve. This is possible because the speed of sound is a lot slower than the speed of radio waves.

Big Ben has appeared in many films. In the 1978 version of The Thirty-Nine Steps, the hero attempted to halt the clock’s progress to prevent a linked bomb blowing up by hanging from the minute hand of its western face. It was also used in the filming of Shanghai Knights starring Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson, and was described as being partially destroyed in the film Doctor Who. An animated version(卡通版) of the clock was also used as the setting in the Walt Disney film The Great Mouse Detective, and was shown being destroyed by a UFO in the film Mars Attacks

66. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The nickname of the clock was given by Benjamin.

B. The clock strikes thirteen times to welcome the New Year.

C. The radio and TV make a mistake about the clock’s chimes.

D. Benjamin was responsible for the work when the bell was built.

67. The second paragraph mainly wants to show us that Big Ben is_______ .

A. a symbol of the UK and London

B. a most popular scene for film-makers

C. a must-see sight for tourists to London

D. a popular place to have pictures taken

68. The underlined word“halt” in Paragraph 5 probably means“_______”.

A. look into something

B. get something to stop

C. make something work again

D. draw people’s attention to something

69. In which of the following movies was the clock destroyed?

A. The Thirty-Nine Steps and Shanghai Knights.

B. Shanghai Knights and Doctor Who.

C. The Great Mouse Detective and Doctor Who.

D. Mars Attacks and Doctor Who.

70. In which section of a newspaper would the passage be found?

A. Entertainment & Sports

B. Business & Economy

C. Sightseeing & Tourism

D. Culture & Arts

It didn’t take long at all for me to decide to come and study in the UK. With the approach of globalization, more and more people realize that it is necessary to study in an English-speaking country. UK does not only offer the chance to study the original English, it also has so many first-class universities, whose qualifications are widely respected all over the world. Besides the academic, there are many fun elements too; its famous football environment is definitely one for me!  Since UK has such a diverse society, I feel there is less chance that there would be any racism(种族歧视) at boarding school. This is one reason why I did not take any summer courses before I started my school. It was just so easy to settle in and pick up the language as you go along, because everyone is so friendly and helpful. At the moment I am doing 5 A-levels and 1 AS, which are Maths, Further Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Government and Politics and Chinese. I am aiming to achieve A’s in all my exams, and I hope to go to Oxford University to study Engineering Science in the autumn.

I still remember my first day at Merchiston Castle School, and I was really nervous about it, because I have never visited the school before and didn’t take any summer courses. Despite my anxiety, I soon relaxed once I arrived; the staff members were so nice that I felt that my spoken English was better than it actually was!  As soon as I walked into the day room (日间休息室) of my boarding house, I was absolutely amazed by the friendly atmosphere: Everyone was so friendly that a boy as shy as I had no difficulty in setting in, and I made many new friends on my very first day, although I was struggling to remember all the names.

61. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The author’s impression on UK.

B. The author’s plan for his study.

C. The author’s comments on British schools.

D. The report of achievements.

62. Which is NOT a reason that the author decided to study in the UK?

A. It’s less likely that racism would be found at boarding school.

B. He wanted to learn pure English.

C. There are many worldwide famous universities.

D. It provides a good environment for living.

63. The author thinks the British are_______ .

A. funny                                                   B. hard-working

C. friendly                                                       D. respectable

64. We can learn from the passage that the author_______ .

A. plays football very well

B. has been admitted to Oxford University

C. is a shy boy

D. is good at remembering names

65. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_______”.

A. my first day at Merchiston Castle school

B. my oral English

C. Merchiston Castle School

D. one of my summer courses

If you want to add a bit of attitude to your wardrobe(衣柜) this summer, a slogan T-shirt may be just what you are looking for.

Slogan T-shirts, also known as message T-shirts, have long been a means of telling the world what we care about. For instance, in the 1960s and 70s, people protesting against the Vietnam War got their message across with T-shirt slogans such as “Make Love Not War”.

In the 1980s, slogan T-shirts reached the peak of their popularity after British designer Katharine Hamnett’s “Choose Life” T-shirt was worn by pop band Wham in one of their music videos. Celebrities continue to play a role in popularizing the trend today. From Paris Hilton’s “I Love Shoes, Bags and Boys” to Eva Longoria’s “I Want More Privacy”; from Chris Martin’s “Stop Handgun Violence” to Jennifer Love Hewitt’s “Save the Future”, stars have been letting their T-shirts do the talking.

And 2011 has seen the emergence of a number of new T-shirt slogans. Here are some of the most popular ones: Save Japan!

This is a line of slogan T-shirts designed by celebrities including Victoria Beckham and Lady Gaga to support recovery efforts in earthquake-stricken Japan. The T-shirts feature words of encouragement from the celebrities, such as “Through Struggle We Unite and Overcome” from Orlando Bloom.

Public Enemy #1 Is Dead

Hours after Barack Obama announced the killing of Osama bin Laden, excited Americans started celebrating the death of the September 11 mastermind with T-shirt slogans including“Public Enemy #1 Is Dead” and“It Took Obama to Get Osama”, according to the Washington Post.

Thank You for the Day Off

This is a British royal wedding inspired T-shirt slogan, as the wedding day for William and Kate was made a public holiday in Britain. Even if you couldn’t care less about royal weddings, everybody loves a day off work! I heart NY

The “I heart NY” T-shirt is still very popular today, but its origin dates back to the mid 1970s when the New York State tourism department needed a slogan to convince people that New York is a good city to visit. Graphic designer Milton Glaser dreamt up the slogan.

56. The author mentioned “Make Love Not War”T-shirt in order to show______ .

A. people protested against the Vietnam War

B. the world what we care about

C. the author loved such slogan T-shirts

D. slogan T-shirts are special

57. The underlined word “Celebrities” in the third paragraph probably means______ .

A. designers                                                     B. slogan T-shirts

C. famous people                                             D. pop band Wham

58. What can we learn from the third paragraph?

A. Stars have played an important role in making slogan T-shirts popular.

B. Pop stars like all kinds of slogan T-shirts.

C. Slogan T-shirts worn by pop stars can talk.

D. It was Katharine Hamnett that made slogan T-shirts reach the peak of their popularity.

59. What did the T-shirt slogan“Thank You for the Day Off”try to express?

A. Everyone in the world cares about the British royal wedding.

B. William and Kate designed the slogan T-shirt.

C. The royal wedding day was made a public holiday in Britain.

D. People love a day off work.

60. What’s the best title for the passage?

A. All kinds of T-shirts

B. T-shirts do the talking

C. Most popular T-shirt slogans

D. Why slogan T-shirts are popular

People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 36 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 37 ; they try to find a solution by trial and error(反复试验).  38 , when all of these methods 39 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 40 in analyzing a problem.

41 ,the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 42 that there is a problem with the bicycle.

Next, the person must find out the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 43 the parts that are wrong.

Now the person must look for 44 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 45 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes.  46 , he can look into his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.

After 47 the problem, the person should have 48 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 49 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.

In the end, one 50 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the

51 idea comes quite 52 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 53 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 54 the brake.

Finally the solution is 55 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.

36. A. serious        B. usual         C. similar           D. common

37. A. searching      B. thinking       C. finding           D. looking

38. A. Besides       B. Instead       C. Otherwise        D. However

39. A. fail           B. work         C. change          D. develop

40. A. ways         B. conditions     C. stages           D. orders

41. A. First          B. Usually       C. In general         D. Most importantly

42. A. explain        B. prove        C. show            D. see

43. A. check         B. determine     C. correct           D. recover

44. A. answers       B. skills         C. explanation       D. information

45. A. possible        B. exact         C. real             D. special

46. A. In other words   B. Once in a while C. First of all       D. At this time

47. A. discussing       B. settling down   C. comparing with   D. studying

48. A. extra           B. enough        C. several         D. countless

49. A. secondly       B. again          C. also           D. alone

50. A. suggestion       B. conclusion      C. decision        D. discovery

51. A. next           B. clear          C. final           D. new

52. A. unexpectedly     B. late           C. clearly         D. often

53. A. fortunately       B. easily          C. clearly         D. immediately

54. A. clean          B. separate        C. loosen         D. remove

55. A. recorded       B. completed       C. tested          D. accepted

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