【题目】 Russia has announced that it is developing a specialized washing machine for astronauts to use in space. The announcement came from a missile, spaceship and space station manufacturer RKK.

Normal washing machines require gravity to function, not to mention significant amounts of water that has to be stored somewhere and increases weight — they are not suitable for space missions (任务). This means that astronauts cannot wash their clothes and either have to pack enough for their whole trip or rely on costly resupply missions and throw used items into space.

Crewmembers taking part in long-term missions on the International Space Station (ISS) often end up wearing the same garments for several continuous days and just change into new ones when they get dirty. Aside from this issue, wearing dirty clothes can be uncomfortable for the astronauts and could also provide perfect conditions for dangerous bacteria to grow and spread.

RKK has previously outlined plans for a space washing machine in a Russian space industry journal paper published in 2017. In the paper, the authors estimated (估计) that 1,450 pounds of clothes are surprisingly transported to the ISS every year to cover the requirements of just three astronauts. And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.

The Russian scientists said that, instead of water, the washing machine would use the carbon dioxide produced by the astronauts’ breathing in the spaceship. Special technology would then turn the gas into a liquid under high pressure in order to clean the clothes.

The Russian designs are not the first proposals for a space washing machine. NASA has previously made a model of a low-power, low-water washing device (设备) which was designed to work in the microgravity of low-Earth orbit or that of the moon or Mars.

1Normal washing machines are not suitable in the spaceship mainly because __________.

A.they lead to serious space pollution

B.they make some bacteria spread

C.they require gravity to function

D.they increase the weight of the spaceship

2What might be the biggest advantage of the specialized washing machine?

A.Helping astronauts dry their clothes.

B.Having a competition against NASA.

C.Making the missions cheaper and easier.

D.Getting astronauts to adapt to the environment.

3Where can astronauts get the liquid for washing clothes in the spaceship?

A.From the water tank in the spaceship.B.From the outer space.

C.From the recycling water in the spaceship.D.From the gas carbon dioxide.

4What does the text mainly talk about?

A.Russia is developing a space washing machine.

B.A space washing machine has been used in Russia.

C.NASA’s made a model of a space washing machine.

D.RKK transports tons of clothes to astronauts in space.

【题目】 While you are heating your food, you may wonder how close you can safely stand next to a microwave, and whether any radiation could escape from the device and potentially harm you.

In theory, microwaves can heat body tissues in the same way they heat food, and at high levels, microwaves can cause burns and cataracts. 1 They will generally occur when people are exposed to large amounts of radiation escaping through openings in the oven. As a result, there is little cause for concern about using microwaves ovens, unless there is damage to the door.

Still, the FDA (美国食品和药物管理局) recommends that you check your microwave oven carefully and do not use it if the door doesn't close properly, or if it is "bent, warped, or otherwise damaged." 2

As far as injuries from microwave ovens go, the most common way people are injured is via heat-related burns from touching hot containers or overheated foods, or being exposed to exploding liquids. 3

The agency also warns that, when you use a microwave to heat water in a cup, there's a risk of the water becoming "superheated," which means it has heated past its boiling point. 4But just a slight disturbance to the water — which can occur when touching or picking up the cup — can cause an eruption of boiling water. This can lead to skin burns or scalding injuries, particularly on the face and hands. To prevent superheated water from forming, the FDA says people should not exceed the recommended heating time for water, as indicated in the oven's instruction book.

5

A.But these types of injuries are very rare.

B.When this happens, the water does not appear to be boiling.

C.However, injuries from microwave radiation are unavoidable sometimes.

D.Though microwaves don't affect health as X-rays do, that doesn't mean they are risk-free.

E.People should use common-sense precautions when handling hot foods in microwaves.

F.Indeed, it's a good idea to follow the instruction book to help keep yourself safe when using it.

G.Besides, it is suggested that you don't lean against a microwave for too long during operation.

【题目】 Thailand's southern beaches attract travelers with their clean water and dramatic cliffs (峭壁), but there's more to explore in this Southeast Asian country.

Lopburi for history buffs

Bypass the tour groups at the ancient city of Ayutthaya and head two hours north of the capital, Bangkok, for a peaceful walk through Thai history. Lopburi, one of Thailand's oldest cities, boasts Khmer-era temples and the uncrowded ruins of King Narai's Palace, which was built in the 1600s. It's also known for the monkeys that gather at Phra Prang Sam Yot temple in the center of town.

Ban Krut for beach bums

In Ban Krut, travelers will find one of the cleanest and quietest stretches of white sandy beach within driving distance of Bangkok. This sleepy seaside community, known mostly by locals, is a five-hour drive or six-hour train trip down the Gulf of Thailand. Don't miss the magnificent Wat Tang Sai, a huge, fairy tale castle-like Buddhist temple.

Cave for holiday hikers

Hiking trails, wetlands and forests make Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park a weekend adventure worthy of topping your Thailand to-do list. The park's crown jewel is the extraordinary Phraya Nakhon Cave. Come early to catch the picturesque chamber flooded with morning sunshine that spotlights the royal pavilion that sits inside.

River Kwai for nature lovers

Most visitors come for the beaches, but the rivers and parks in Thailand's Kanchanaburi province have much to offer. Scenic trails and waterfalls abound in Sai Yok and Erawan national parks. Just two hours from Bangkok is the bridge made famous in the book Bridge over the River Kwai by French author, Pierre Boulle, and the 1957 Academy Award-winning 1957 film adaptation of the same name. Stay on the river at one of Kanchanaburi's many floating hotels, where you can travel to your front door.

1From which of the following can you learn more about Thai history?

A.Ban Krut

B.Kanchanaburi

C.Phraya Nakhon Cave

D.Lopburi

2What can tourists do in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park?

A.Visit temples.

B.Meet lovely monkeys.

C.Go hiking.

D.Go to the beach.

3What can we know from the passage?

A.River Kwai was made famous by a book and a film

B.Tourists can stay at the floating hotels on River Kwai.

C.Most visitors visit Thailand for rivers and parks

D.Travellers can find Khmer-era temples in Ban Krut.

【题目】

George: Our capital city sums up our culture. London's skyline is justly famous for the different buildings that can be seen such as the Post Office Tower, the “Gherkin” and the Tower of London, to name just a few. Finally, there is Big Ben and the House of Parliament where the government is based. England does have a monarchy (君主) but it is really the government that is in power. London is particularly great on 5th November when we celebrate Guy Fawkes Night. This was the night in 1605 when Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Parliament. On that night every year the sky around London is full of fireworks.

Yoshi: Because our country is a group of islands, most of our food comes from the sea and we are particularly famous for our raw fish. Noodles and rice are also important. Japanese food has changed very little through the ages. For example, it is still considered correct to eat with chopsticks instead of a knife and a fork. It is also expected that before we staff eating we say “itadakimasu”. We even say it to ourselves when we are alone. English people can find this strange when eating with us. There is no translation really, the best being “I shall receive”, but that doesn't mean much I suppose.

Helen: The Isles of Scilly is not really a different country but it certainly has a different way of life and that life is controlled by the world around us. Our islands are not very inviting. They are very rocky with lots of hills and valleys and it is almost impossible to get away from the sea. It is also very, very windy here because it is the place where the Atlantic begins. However, it is also very beautiful and the summers are great. On the Isles of Scilly we believe in living close to nature. We still live a quite traditional life on the island and we take great care to preserve the natural character of the islands.

1The author writes the passage to .

A.provide tourist informationB.introduce various cultures

C.attract more students from overseasD.explain some historical events

2What happened in London in 1605?

A.Guy Fawkes set off fireworks in parliament.

B.People began to celebrate Guy Fawkes Night.

C.The Parliament narrowly escaped being exploded.

D.The sky around London was full of fireworks on 5th November.

3Yoshi tells about Japanese culture mainly through their .

A.foodB.architecture

C.climateD.religion

4What does Helen say about the Isles of Scilly?

A.It is rich in natural resources.

B.People there like to invite visitors to their homes.

C.It has quite a few scenic spots.

D.People there enjoy living close to the nature.

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