【题目】Older people with hearing loss may suffer faster rates of mental decline. People who have hearing trouble suffered meaningful impairments(损伤) in memory, attention and learning about three years earlier than people with normal hearing, a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals.

The finding supports the idea that hearing loss can have serious consequences for the brain, says Patricia Tun of Brandeis University, who studies aging. “I’m hoping it will be a real wake-up call in terms of realizing the importance of hearing.”

Compared with other senses, hearing is often overlooked, Tun says. “We are made to interact with language and to listen to each other, and it can have damaging effects if we don’t.”

Frank Lin of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and colleagues tested the hearing of 1, 984 older adults. Most of the participants, who averaged 77 years old, showed some hearing loss--1, 162 volunteers had trouble hearing noises of less than 25 decibels(分贝), comparable to a whisper or rustling leaves. The volunteers’ results reflect the hearing loss in the general population: Over half of people older than 70 have trouble hearing.

Over the next six years, these participants went through mental evaluations that measured factors such as short-term memory, attention and the ability to quickly match numbers to symbols. Everybody got worse at the tasks as time went on, but people with hearing loss had an especially sharp decline. On average, a sudden drop in performance would come about three years earlier to people with hearing loss.

Lin cautions that the study has found an association between hearing loss and mental abilities. Those who can’t hear well might avoid social situations and isolation(孤立) is known to be bad for the brain. “You gradually become more socially disconnected,” Lin says. “Social isolation is a major factor for dementia and cognitive decline.”

Lin and his team hope to study whether improvements in hearing brought about by hearing aids or other treatments can transform into improvements in mental functioning. “The ultimate question is, can we do anything about it?” he says.

1According to Patricia Tun, this research will probably______.

A. presentthementaldecline of old people

B. make the public attachmore importancetohearing

C. reveal some unknown secrets of aging

D. call on people to listen to and interact with each other

2Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A. Theoutcomeofthetest.

B. Theprocessofthetest.

C. Theparticipantsofthetest.

D. Thepurposeofthetest.

3Dementiaandcognitivedeclinemainlyresultfrom_____.

A. memoryloss B. hearingloss

C. socialisolation D. speechimpairment

4What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Hearing aids can completely solve the hearing loss problem.

B. The exploration between hearing loss and mental decline will be carried on.

C. No effective treatment can really improve hearing loss.

D. Lin and his team are confident that their research will help slow down mental decline.

【题目】I went to the Tsavo National Park in northern Kenya for a film. We set off early for a distant water hole. A huge elephant covered with dry mud, drank calmly and deeply. He might have traveled 50 km to reach the water. He wasn’t going to hurry now. We thought that he’d drink a while and rest in the shade, and then drink again. What actually happened was that he drank deeply and stepped away. Then he suddenly fell down. Within minutes he was dead.

We called animal doctor Jeremiah Poghon immediately. He removed the head of a poisoned arrow from the elephant’s body, and let out over 100 liters of pus()--the result of the elephant’s meeting with a poacher months ago.

Today’s poacher shoots from a distance. An arrow, covered with poison, is fired into the body of an elephant. If the poacher is lucky, the elephant might die in an hour or two; if not, he might have to follow the elephant for days before it dies. Often the arrow head fails to kill the elephant at once-- it doesn’t mean the poison won’t finally kill the elephant, but it will be a slow death.

Living in Tsavo through these times, I could see the results of poaching from time to time. When I think about the death of that elephant, what stays with me is the extraordinary silence after the shocking sound of his body hitting the ground. I took some comfort from the knowledge that as the dead body returned to the soil, some animals would benefit-- but I couldn’t escape the feeling that with the death of such a large animal, the world seemed to be a poorer and emptier place.

1While filming near the water hole, the author and his team ______.

A. knew the elephant was injured

B. found the elephant acted violently

C. tried their best to save the elephant

D. thought the elephant was in good condition

2According to the passage, the underlined word “poacher” is probably ______.

A. A hunter who kills or catches animals illegally

B. A kind of fierce meat-eating animal

C. A serious disease that can infect elephants

D. A kind of deadly poison

3Further examination showed that the dead elephant ______.

A. had suffered a lot

B. was killed by a poisonous needle

C. had suffered an hour or two

D. had had a good fight with a poacher

4Why did the author write the article?

A. To introduce the African elephant.

B. To show the cruelty of poaching.

C. To describe his filming experience.

D. To ask readers to protect wild animals.

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Ways to Be a Great Roommate
Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences in college or, easily, one of the worst.
Follow these tips to avoid the common mistakes that turn good roommate relationships sour.
Talk things out.
Communication is key. If something happens, sit down with your roommate and have a face-to-face conversation. I've seen roommate relationships fall apart because something happens and, instead of talking to each other, the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs.
Don't expect to be best friends.
Some roommates become the best of friends, and some don't. Don't put pressure on yourself or your roommate, especially when you first meet. And if your roommate doesn't end up being your best friend, don't worry.
Ask before you take.
This applies to food, clothes and anything else. If you want to keep a relationship going, show your roommate that you have respect for what is his or hers by asking first. ◇Clean up after yourself.
This should do without saying. Don't be lazy. Or, at least, don't bury your roommate in your clothes and garbage. Most people I've come across in college are messy. But being considerate with where you put your stuff will help you avoid conflict.
A. So you need to think twice before you help your roommates out.
B. This creates nothing but awkward situations and unhappiness.
C. Even if you both agree to share everything, you should still ask.
D. You don't have all the time to clean your room and keep it organized.
E. It all starts with you to have a good relationship with your roommate.
F. Sometime you get stuck with someone who has tons of negative energy.
G. Remember, you're trying to make a new friend, not to scare your roommate away.

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