【题目】

When we were kids, my little sister Madison and I were the M&Ms—my parents' two daughters. 1 So it was quite a surprise when my mom and dad sat us down to let us know that baby number three was on the way when I was 10 years old. However, as soon as my brother Mac was born, he completely stole my heart and I have learned many things from having a young brother.

2

Having a baby in your life means watching your parents endlessly change diapers (尿布), make bottles, and wipe spit-ups every once in a while. I was allowed to do those things and I learned just how important it was to take care of this little life before I even hit middle school.

● You watch a child grow up.

3I remember how excited my family was when we discovered how fast of a reader he was in kindergarten. I'll never forget telling him bedtime stories before he went to sleep at night. It's cool to think about the entirety of his life and how far he has come.

● You teach your brother life lessons.

From a young age, my brother watched my sister and me overcome personal challenges, go to high school, and, worst of all, get our hearts broken. 4 Watching his sisters go through life's difficulties has taught him how he should act when he gets older.

Now Mac is 11 years old. I have no shame in telling people that one of my best friends is an 11-year-old boy. In fact, our family without him is unimaginable. 5

A.You stay in the know.

B.You learn about responsibility early on.

C.We received a lot of attention, and we liked it that way.

D.I remember the first time Mac crawled, walked, and said my name.

E.Nothing makes Mac more upset than a mean guy who hurts a girl's feelings.

F.All I can say is that my family wouldn't be happy without Mac.

G.Thanks , Mom and Dad, for turning the M&Ms into the Three Musketeers.

【题目】Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning attempts or tries to increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, and bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception(例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to pass the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

1What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

2The author tells the experience in childhood in order to __________.

A. remember the good old days

B. let readers follow the example

C. explain the law of overlearning

D. help readers understand the importance of knowledge

3According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is__________.

A. a step towards studies B. a result of overlearning

C. a special case of cramming D. a skill to deal with math problems

4What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It's helpful only in a limited way. B. It causes failure in college exams.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.

【题目】In Antarctica, you learn not to take anything for granted. Everything people depend on has to be shipped or flown into the continent. Why? There are no farms on the icy continent. There are certainly no cows, pigs or chickens. As for drinking water, special systems and a great deal of energy are needed to take the salt out of seawater to make it useable.

Then there is the matter of waste. The US Antarctic Program is committed (致力于) to reducing its impact- or footprint--on the Antarctic environment. That means that every bit of garbage a person might produce in a day has to be transported off the continent. That's true whether it's the wrapper from your candy bar, the green beans you didn't want to eat or the paper towels you used to wipe your hands,

McMurdo Station has put into place technology that helps it reduce its footprint. It starts with energy. The US research base has partnered its nearby neighbor, New Zealand's Scott Base, to share energy produced from three large wind turbines. Scott Base gets 100% of its power from wind, says Ron Blevins, manager at a power plant, while the American base gets about 35% of its energy from wind. The much larger US base uses oil-fired generators(发电机) to supply the rest of its energy needs. The waste heat produced by the generators is then used to warm many of its buildings.

The McMurdo base also has a wastewater treatment plant. Yubecca Bragg, an organic farmer, manages the treatment plant. Bragg explains that treatment depends on allowing microorganisms(微生物) to break down the waste until the liquid part of the waste can be safely released into the ocean. Between 150, 000 and 180,000 pounds a year of the remaining solid waste is packed into containers and sent back to the US.

1We can learn from the first paragraph that .

A. farmers have to raise cows in Antarctica

B. people like taking the ships in Antarctica

C. it is not easy to live in Antarctica

D. water in Antarctica is useless at all

2How do people in Antarctica deal with the solid garbage?

A. They have it taken away later. B. They wrap it in the paper towels.

C. They ignore it completely. D. They keep it in the dustbins.

3It can be inferred from Ron Blevins’ words that .

A. the US base gets its most energy from wind

B. the US base doesn't need too much energy

C. Scott Base tries to remove its footprint

D. New Zealand's technology is advanced

4Which of the following is harmful to the environment of Antarctica?

A. The large wind turbine. B. An oil-fired generator.

C. A wastewater treatment plant. D. Scott Base's power plant.

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