【题目】Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression(临床抑郁症). That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.

Doctors use the word clinical depression to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.

In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters(仓鼠)to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water.

Randy Nelson, at Ohio State University, says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didn’t show any sleep interruptions at all but they did mess up biological clock (生物钟) genes and they did show depressive sign but if they were in the dim red light, they did not.” He says there’s a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness.

【1】 From the text we know that ________ made the hamster feel depressed.

A. the amount of the water

B. the colour of the light

C. the loss of pleasure

D. the level of energy

【2】What was the purpose of the experiment on hamsters?

A. To show how well they slept.

B. To see how much sugary water they drank.

C. To explain why they liked dark colours.

D. To find out what caused the depression on them.

【3】 The author explains the clinical depression by _________.

A. reporting an experiment process

B. presenting research data

C. setting down general rules

D. giving his own experience

【4】Where can we probably find the text?

A. In a science magazine.

B. In a physics textbook

C. In a tourist guidebook.

D. In an official announcement.

【题目】阅读理解。

Encouragement and praise can come in many forms,and some ways are better for children’s development than others.Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions over the course found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life.Specifically,praise coming with feedback about their behavior that kids made helped them to deal better with difficult experiences five years later,compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself,like “You’re a good boy.”

“This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research,and it’s exciting to see it plays out in the real world,” says Elizabeth,a professor of psychology at Temple University,who led the study.“Praising the efforts,actions and work of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and work hard in the future.”

Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job,” which emphasize the child’s actions.“Person praise” includes comments like “You’re so smart” or “You’re so good,” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities.These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology,but exactly how they affect children’s development over the years hasn’t been clear.

As part of the study,researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old,and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions.Five years later,the researchers followed up with the families,using questionnaires to measure the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving.The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge,and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems.While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children,process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved,while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed.

【1】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Praising inspires kids to form good personal quality.

B.Praising kids is tested to be effective in the long run.

C.The process of praising kids experiment is suspected.

D.The praising experiment is carried out in real situation.

【2】The underlined word “distinctions” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A.condition B.differences

C.exception D.appearance

【3】From the last paragraph we can learn that .

A.kids should not be praised too frequently

B.different kids should be praised differently

C.process praise is less effective as we expected

D.kids with process praise tend to be more creative

【4】What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To introduce a better way to praise kids.

B.To compare two different praising ways.

C.To predict the result of process praising.

D.To report the way of praising experiment.

【题目】阅读理解。

When the Japanese attacked America’s ships at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941,they did it secretly.The makers of the movie Pearl Harbor have behaved differently.

The noise about Pearl Harbor,made by Disney,has reached its highest point with its premiere(首次公演) before the movie opens in cinemas across the US at the start of the Memorial Day holiday weekend,a time to recall national heroes who sacrificed their lives on the battlefield.

As Ben Affleck is the main star,the movie seems sure to become a success in the United States at least.

At almost three hours in length,it promises to be a good old Hollywood movie.There is a love story.Affleck and his co-star,Josh Hartnett,both fall in love with the navy nurse,Kate Beckinsale and,of course,there is much human courage and love of country.

It’s certain that Disney will be accused of “changing” history.The showing of actual events in a movie always causes arguments.

Bits of the story are deliberately not mentioned in the movie.It does not address the theory held by some historians that President Franklin Roosevelt knew about Japan’s intention to attack the ships in Pearl Harbor.It is said he did nothing,as he was aware that such a blow would allow him to take America into the Second World War.

Japan remains sensitive about being accused of wartime atrocities(暴行).And Disney is sensitive about its business in Japan,where it has a theme park.

Not all the reviews of the movie have been full of praise.A reviewer for Newsweek,who was given an early preview,acknowledged that the 40-minute sequence(连续镜头) showing the attack itself was powerful.The attack comes quite late in the movie,however,and the reviewer was less impressed with the characters and the love story.

“Almost every line of the dialogue sounds like it comes from an old movie,” the reviewer wrote.

【1】From the passage we can infer that the Memorial Day refers to .

A.the day when the United States was founded

B.the day when people honour their ancestors

C.a day when people honour those who died in wars

D.a day when people celebrate the victories of World War

【2】From the passage we know that Ben Affleck .

A.may be a very popular movie star

B.regarded Josh Hartnett as an enemy

C.experienced the Pearl Harbor Incident

D.was in love with the actress Kate Beckinsale

【3】Which of the following statements is TRUE about Pearl Harbor?

A.The movie has made the Japanese angry.

B.The movie will cause a lot of arguments.

C.The movie truly describes the Pearl Harbor Incident.

D.The movie shows that President Franklin Roosevelt knew about Japan’s intention.

【4】According to the passage,what does the reviewer for Newsweek think of the movie?

A.The scenes of the attack leave no impression.

B.The dialogue in the movie is original and creative.

C.The characters and the love story are less attractive.

D.The attack scenes occupy too much time of the movie.

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Pronunciation Tips

These English pronunciation tips will help you get the most out of your Pronunciation Power program.

【1】

For example, “threw” and “through”, although spelled differently, are pronounced the same. Also, identical(相同的) letters or letter clusters(字母组合) in words do not always produce the same sound. For example, the “ough” in “though” and “through” represents a different sound in each word. 2

Imagine a sound in your mind before you say it.

Try to visualize(想象))the positioning of your mouth and face. 3

Listen to and try to imitate the Pronunciation Power instructor.

In addition to listening for specific sounds, pay attention to pauses, the intonation(语调) of the instructor's voice and patterns of emphasis. 4

The English language has many different dialects, and words can be pronounced differently.

It is important, however, that you pronounce words clearly to ensure effective communication.

Finally, the Pronunciation Power program is a tool to help you.

But you must practice what you are learning! Remember that you are teaching your mouth a new way to move. You are building muscles that you do not use in your own language. 5 Use the program to exercise your mouth a little bit each day.

A. Read these words over and over again and try to learn them by heart.

B. This can be just as important as the pronunciation of sounds.

C. Learn to practice what you hear, not what you see.

D. So you should force yourself to do what you really don’t like to do.

E. Do not confuse pronunciation of words with their spelling!

F. It is like going to the gym and exercising your body.

G. Think about how you are going to make the sound.

【题目】七选五阅读

Pearls of wisdom in Proverbs

Out of sight,out of mind.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. 【1】Each of the proverbs mentioned above teaches a common truth.But what exactly is a proverb?It’s a short statement that contains a general truth.It is popularly known and often repeated.

Every culture has proverbs. 【2】For example,many cultures value old people for their wisdom and experience.This idea can be found in proverbs.A Chinese proverb says,“An old horse will never get lost.” And a Portuguese proverb states,“An old pan is the one that makes good food.” 【3】The English say,“Good and quickly seldom meet.” The Chinese say,“Think three times before you act.” A Russian proverb exclaims,“Take your thoughts to bed with you,for the morning is wiser.”

There is a saying:To truly know a people,learn their proverbs.Proverbs contain a culture’s values and morals. 【4】 People in Saudi Arabia value books and learning.One of their proverbs says,“A book is a garden carried in the pocket.” The French say,“There is no pillow so soft as a clear conscience.” So that culture thinks that being honest is important.Egyptians know the value of friendship.One of their proverbs say,“Friendship doubles joy and halves grief.”

In Africa,many proverbs also use images familiar to Africans.For example,“The best way to eat an elephant in your path is cut him up into little pieces.” 【5】 Or “A roaring lion kills no game.” This means that one cannot achieve anything by sitting around and talking about it.One must get out and strive for it.

Learning proverbs in another language is fun.You can make a good impression with your language ability.But remember proverbs are usually used in spoken language.They are rarely used in writing.If you use a lot of proverbs when you write,people will think you don’t have original thoughts.

A.What is your favorite proverb?

B.Have you heard any of these proverbs before?

C.Many cultures also agree that acting in a hurry is not a good idea.

D.And while some are special for one culture,there are common themes.

E.In other words,the best way to solve a problem is to work on it bit by bit.

F.There are also proverbs such as “get your ducks in a row.”

G.So you can learn what is valued in different cultures through their proverbs.

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