题目内容

【题目】阅读理解。

Encouragement and praise can come in many forms,and some ways are better for children’s development than others.Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions over the course found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life.Specifically,praise coming with feedback about their behavior that kids made helped them to deal better with difficult experiences five years later,compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself,like “You’re a good boy.”

“This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research,and it’s exciting to see it plays out in the real world,” says Elizabeth,a professor of psychology at Temple University,who led the study.“Praising the efforts,actions and work of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and work hard in the future.”

Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job,” which emphasize the child’s actions.“Person praise” includes comments like “You’re so smart” or “You’re so good,” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities.These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology,but exactly how they affect children’s development over the years hasn’t been clear.

As part of the study,researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old,and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions.Five years later,the researchers followed up with the families,using questionnaires to measure the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving.The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge,and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems.While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children,process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved,while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed.

【1】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Praising inspires kids to form good personal quality.

B.Praising kids is tested to be effective in the long run.

C.The process of praising kids experiment is suspected.

D.The praising experiment is carried out in real situation.

【2】The underlined word “distinctions” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A.condition B.differences

C.exception D.appearance

【3】From the last paragraph we can learn that .

A.kids should not be praised too frequently

B.different kids should be praised differently

C.process praise is less effective as we expected

D.kids with process praise tend to be more creative

【4】What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To introduce a better way to praise kids.

B.To compare two different praising ways.

C.To predict the result of process praising.

D.To report the way of praising experiment.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

试题分析:

【1】细节理解题。C项与第二段第一句表达不符,故选C项。

【2】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句及第二句的句意可得知:作者是在比较两种表扬方式的差异:过程式表扬关注孩子的行为,而个人表扬更强调孩子的本性。因此是关于不同点的描述,故选B项。

【3】推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge,and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems”及第四句“...process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved...”可推断出:过程式的表扬可以使孩子更具创造力。

【4】主旨大意题。文章的中心思想和主题大意出现在第一段及最后一段,本文主要介绍一种更佳的表扬方式,因此选A项。B项和D项未抓住重点,本文并不是主要比较两种表扬方式的异同及介绍表扬的过程,C项未提及。

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【题目】书面表达(共1小题)

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的作文。

A young man was slapped in the face until he bled because he didn’t offer his seat to a woman with a baby on a bus in downtown Hangzhou.Later he was proved to be a disabled person.

In a series of cases nationwide, we see people being beaten for refusing to give up their seats on public transport, which seems to be a moral problem about correct behavior and self-sacrifice.

People without morals (who don’t give up their seats to deserving people) can be condemned, but they don’t deserve to be treated with violence because they offend moral values and not laws.In comparison, the attackers behave worse.

The attackers regard relying on violence as their only choice if people ignore their appeals to give up their seats.It seems they start a shout or a fight for the sake of justice, but can they still think of their personal intention when they call violent justice?

This “violent justice” can confuse many people and encourage them to do the same, especially when we are overpowered by illogical mood.

If cruel and rude acts are rooted in children’s hearts, society will never step into civilization.The practice violates common values, neither solving problems nor safeguarding civilized society.

1.以约30个词概括短文的要点。

2.以约120个词谈谈你对这一事件的看法,内容包括:

(1) 读完这则新闻,你有什么感受?

(2) 假如你是车上的一名乘客,你会怎样做?

(3) 就如何创建和谐社会提出你的建议。

注意:

1.你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Long, long ago people couldn’t write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. __【1】______

The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (纸沙草) plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians. _____2____ So, parchment (羊皮纸), made from goatskin, later took its place.

In ancient China books looked a little different. People there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment. ______3______ Papermaking later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand.

______4____ They carved (雕刻) a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn’t until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words.

______5____ Once a luxury (奢侈品) only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy.

A. But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.

B. It took years to finish making just one book.

C. Finally books could be printed by the thousands.

D. Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.

E. Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.

F. Books in the West didn’t change for a long time after that.

G. The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Pronunciation Tips

These English pronunciation tips will help you get the most out of your Pronunciation Power program.

【1】

For example, “threw” and “through”, although spelled differently, are pronounced the same. Also, identical(相同的) letters or letter clusters(字母组合) in words do not always produce the same sound. For example, the “ough” in “though” and “through” represents a different sound in each word. 2

Imagine a sound in your mind before you say it.

Try to visualize(想象))the positioning of your mouth and face. 3

Listen to and try to imitate the Pronunciation Power instructor.

In addition to listening for specific sounds, pay attention to pauses, the intonation(语调) of the instructor's voice and patterns of emphasis. 4

The English language has many different dialects, and words can be pronounced differently.

It is important, however, that you pronounce words clearly to ensure effective communication.

Finally, the Pronunciation Power program is a tool to help you.

But you must practice what you are learning! Remember that you are teaching your mouth a new way to move. You are building muscles that you do not use in your own language. 5 Use the program to exercise your mouth a little bit each day.

A. Read these words over and over again and try to learn them by heart.

B. This can be just as important as the pronunciation of sounds.

C. Learn to practice what you hear, not what you see.

D. So you should force yourself to do what you really don’t like to do.

E. Do not confuse pronunciation of words with their spelling!

F. It is like going to the gym and exercising your body.

G. Think about how you are going to make the sound.

【题目】Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.

Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.

At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady that her friends thought they must copy everything she did, they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.

At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess(公爵夫人)found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born .

【1】This passage mainly discusses .

A. the history of tea drinking in Britain

B. how tea became a popular drink in Britain

C. how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea

D. how tea-time was born

【2】Tea became a popular drink in Britain .

A. in the sixteenth century

B. in the seventeenth century

C. in the eighteenth century

D. in the late seventeenth century

【3】We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of .

A. a famous French lady

B. the ancient Chinese

C. the upper(上层的) social class

D. people in Holland

【题目】阅读理解。

Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year

Polluted airborne particles(大气悬浮颗粒)kill 7 million people a year,reports the World Health Organization.

That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing,Delhi or Mexico.But those factories—or even the jammed roadways of modern cities—are not the biggest killer.Each year,4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes,says the WHO.

What’s causing the air inside people’s homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day?Stoves.“Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour.” says Kirk Smith,a professor at the University of California at Berkeley,whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013.

Not all stoves cause this kind of harm.The ones Smith’s talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking,which burn solid fuels such as wood,coal,or crop waste instead of gas.The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes.Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping,raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.

Breathing this air eventually causes a lot of diseases:more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke,while a quarter die of heart disease.And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.

Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire—usually women and young children.In fact,the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease.

【1】According to Kirk Smith’s research, .

A.factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays

B.burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous

C.household air pollution from cooking is surprisingly harmful

D.4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should

【2】What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?

A.Solid fuels. B.Coal stoves.

C.Poor gas. D.Cooking smoke.

【3】The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means .

A.airing B.cooking

C.burning D.cooling

【4】The author intends to tell people .

A.how to avoid polluted air in their homes

B.to stop cooking in the household kitchen

C.to guard against household pollution from cooking

D.how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household

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