Are you having difficulty falling asleep? Try drinking a glass of warm milk. If that doesn’t work, listen to some soft, beautiful music. Still no luck? Try think about sheep jumping over a fence. If you are still awake, take a sleeping pill. People who take pills often become dependent on the drugs. So you lie awake knowing that the new workday will soon arrive. If you have been in such condition for at least one month, you may have primary insomnia(失眠症).

A new study has found that you might fall asleep more quickly and stay asleep longer if you try “cerebral hypothermia.” It is not a complex medical process. It just means cooling down your brain. Eric Nofzinger and Naniel Buysse from the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study. They examined twelve people who had sleeping problems. Twelve others had no sleeping problems. Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their head at bedtime.

The caps had tubes inside filled with water. The researchers moved the water through the tubes and then changed the temperature of the water. Other studies showed that people who had sleeping problems often had more chemical reactions in the front of their brain. The researchers thought cooling down the brain might help.

On the first two nights of testing, the patients wore caps with no water. On the next two nights, the caps were worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooled the water a little for another two nights. On the final two nights of the study, the temperature of the water was made much cooler. The researchers found that the water caps didn’ t help the patients until the temperature was about 14℃. Most of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when the coolest water was moving around their head.

Dr Nfzinger and Dr. Buysse noted that this was only the beginning of the brain temperature study. But they believed they had discovered something important that needed more research.

1.The first paragraph is written to _________.

A. put forward the topic of the passage.

B. explain how serious insomnia is

C. tell us the causes of sleeping problems.

D. tell us the danger of having sleeping problems.

2.From the passage we know that “cerebral hypothermia” is actually _________.

A. a complex medical process.

B. a psychological treatment.

C. a simple physical treatment.

D. a difficult scientific theory.

3.In the study, researchers helped people fall asleep faster through _________.

A. increasing chemical reactions in the front of their brain.

B. making them feel safe with a cap on their head

C. asking them to drink water to cool down

D. lowering the temperature of their brain

4.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A. The cause of the study.

B. The function of the caps.

C. People’s reactions to the study.

D. Some details of the study.

Habits Of Highly Successful Students

Never Over-Study

When you spend too much time studying you will quickly lose focus and the time spent in studying will become ‘junk time’. You think you're studying but you're just sitting there re-reading the same sentence about 100 times and you're not getting anywhere. Instead, take regular breaks.1.Besides, it will give your mind some time to take in what you have been doing.

2.

Top students don't just randomly sit down and complete work. They actually plan what they are going to do: They actually plan the time they will study and they set goals for what will be achieved. If you want to be successful, do as successful people do. Set a plan and, set a goal and stick to it, which will create a routine and a routine is the first step towards developing a habit.3.

Front Up To The Toughest Work First

Many of us like to do the easy things first to build our confidence. That’s fair enough. The only challenge with this approach is that you use up your primary energy at the start of any study period and so if you are dealing with the easy parts with your primary energy your batteries will be low when it comes the time to deal with the hard part. So what happens then?4.We all do it. We really shouldn't, though. So develop the habit of giving your primary energy to the hard tasks and completing the easy stuff last.

5.

Do we really have to explain this? Just turn them off for an hour, we promise the world will still be there when you log back in! Don't text your friends, don't chat while doing memory activities，don't make phone calls, just focus on what you're doing. Even if you focus on work' for 15 minutes followed by 5 mins of chatting, it’s better than 30 minutes of work while also chatting! You get that right?

A. Plan Your Study

B. Achieve Your Goal

C. Positive habits decide future success.

D. Taking breaks can make you get everywhere.

E. You get tired and impatient and just give up.

F. Get Off Social Networking Sites And Turn Off The Phone

G. Taking breaks will make you energetic again and refresh your mind.

We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and all kinds of exams. Yet would it be1.(surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding2.it is in China?

In US high school, everything must3.(record) into your studying document, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing4.(turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps completely different from5.we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to6.(they) academic performance in order that they can get into a distinguished university.

Like university students, US high school students have the7.(free) to choose the courses that most interest them. Even a ninth-grader can sit 8. the same classroom as 12th-graders. But this also 9. (mean) he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her10.(different).

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I am a student from No 1 Middle School. Informing that you are looking for a student to serve as a spokesman for pandas, I am very exciting. I hope that I can get the opportunity to do something else for pandas. I have been the panda lover since my childhood. Pandas are too lovely that they bring us comfort and pleasure. They were referred to as a symbol of our country. Unfortunate, such a lovely species is now faced with the danger of becoming extinct. What I am eager to do are to raise people`s aware of protecting pandas. I would appreciate if I could be chosen as a spokesman.

假如你是李华。最近你所居住的涉外小区里车辆乱停乱放现象很严重。请你根据所给提示，给小区负责人史密斯先生写一封信反应这个问题。要点包括：

1.分析原因

2.你的建议

注意：1．词数100左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；

2．可根据内容适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mr Smith,

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

George Max showed up in a well-maintained lorry. He brought some tools, such as something to light a fire with, a smoker, a long-handled brush, a metal hive(蜂箱)tool, and a hive. As George moved about, he said in a low and calm voice, “You’d be amazed how many people call me with a swarm(一大群)like this; and by the time I come, they’ve destroyed the whole thing, down to the last bee.”

George said this swarm of bees was breath-taking, about 15,000 bees. He placed the hive in a proper place. Holding the smoker close to the swarm, he pumped the bellows(风箱). Smoke has a calming effect on bees. George said this group was easy to deal with. They were heavy with honey, and their main purpose was to hold the group together until they could find a new hive.

He went on smoking the swarm and let the bees pour into the hive. Most bees would only follow the queen to a new living place (yes, she has ladies-in-waiting that tend her every need). By dusk, most of the bees had disappeared into the hive.

“Alright, it appears that we’ve got them all,” I looked hopefully in George’s direction. He paused. “If you don’t mind, we’ll wait a bit longer,” he said. “They have sent out scout bees, and I want to be sure we don’t leave any behind.” So we waited. And, look! Scout bees returned.

If the hive is healthy, the population of bees will be on the increase. When the queen senses that it’s time for the hive to split, she will lose weight so she can fly, and then leave the hive with a large part of the bees. The bees left behind will hurry to hatch another queen and rebuild.

If some day you come across a swarm of bees in your backyard, call in a local beekeeper. Then sit back and enjoy the show. Get your camera, because you’ll want to share this amazing phenomenon with everyone you know, especially children. And if you’ve gone this far, you might as well buy a hive of your own. We did.

1.George thought the bees weren’t difficult to handle mainly because ______.

A. they were in huge quantity

B. his smoke had a healing effect on them

C. the bees were keeping together the group

D. they didn't need a new hive

2.George wanted to wait a little longer because ______．

A. there might be some bees that hadn’t come back

B. those bees which he had sent away didn’t return

C. the longer he stayed, the more honey he’d collect

D. the queen hadn’t turned up

3.We can infer from the last but one paragraph______．

A. the queen must keep fit to control others

B. the queen will leave if she finds no one supports her

C. fatty queens are not welcome in a hive

D. there is only one queen in a hive

4.How is the whole passage mainly developed?

A. By analyzing causes.

B. By giving examples.

C. By giving descriptions.

D. By making comparisons.

Sydney Trains is one of the most economical, reliable and convenient ways to travel throughout Sydney and its surrounds.

Our network, the NSW Trains Intercity, covers suburban Sydney and extends to the Hunter, Central Coast, Blue Mountains, Southern Highlands and South Coast regions.

The network is made up of several colour-coded lines. Trains from different lines can share the same platform, so check display screen and listen to announcements.

Ticket prices are generally based on the distance traveled. You can visit transportnsw. Info for details.

Getting to the City.

In Sydney, if you’re near a train station, you’re on your way to the city. Every rail line leads directly or indirectly to the City Circle. It’s the loop around the central business district of Sydney. Most City stations are underground so look out for the sign on street level.

Automatic ticket gates

Large stations have automatic gates for entry to, and exit from, the station. If you have an Opal card or a ticket which has a magnetic stripe you must use the automatic gates. You may use the wide gate for wheelchair, pram or luggage access. Station staff will assist you.

Night Ride buses

Most trains do not operate between midnight and 4:00 a.m. For your convenience a special Night Ride bus service is available between these hours on most Sydney suburban lines.

Track work

In order for the tracks to the maintained, we sometimes have to replace train with buses, particularly at weekends, Please check the track work section for the latest service alterations on your line.

1.To get more information about ticket pries, travellers had better________.

A. go to the City Circle B. visit a website

C. check display screen D. listen to announcements

2.What service is offered to travelers in need at most big stations?

A. A free Opal card. B. Earlier entry to the station.

C. Help from station workers. D. A ticket with a magnetic stripe.

3.Which is the best convenient time to travel by Sydney Trains?

A. At midnight. B. On Sunday afternoon.

C. Between midnight and 4:00 a.m. D. At 6:00 p.m. on Wednesday.

Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.

However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish .The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other persons off.

With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handcraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.

Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.

It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.

1.According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.

A. live a better life B. look for better methods

C. change ways of living D. accept technology and advance steadily

2.The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _______.

A. tools B. messages

C. barriers D. skills

3.The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _______.

A. describing a process B. using examples

C. following time order D. making classification

4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life.

B. People review the past with great regret.

C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.

D. People’s attitude decides the use of technology.

Among my peers, the most common reasons to sit in front are: poor vision, poor hearing, and harder to fall asleep (my main reason).

That’s about it. I’ve sat in the back and I’ve sat in the front, and I’ve seen no difference in how professors treat me. In fact, I sat in the front of my math class and still fell asleep a lot. I went to office hours for that class regularly and asked the professor if it bothered him and he said he understood completely. I put in the work outside the classroom and performed well on exams, and that’s what ends up on the transcript (成绩单).

From my experience, going to office hours regularly, emailing questions that may be beyond the scope of class just out of your own curiosity, and reading ahead of time so you can ask good relevant questions are the best ways to give a professor a good impression. Where I’ve sat in the classroom hasn’t noticeably affected a professor’s opinion of me in the slightest.

Typically, sitting at the front indicates to me that you want to hear everything I say and want to have more one-on-one questioning with me. Sitting in the middle suggests that you want to fit in, and will be better at group work. Sitting in the back usually means that you want to play with your phone. The people in the front seats will often get the highest grades, dropping as the rows go back. Yes, of course, this is a tendency and not a law, and there are exceptions. But I must point out that for some older professors, they actually can’t see the people in the back well.

I have not noticed where to sit has any effect on attentiveness, participation and respectful behavior. I have noticed though, that students who sit in the back row are almost always disrespectful and inattentive. I have not observed any correlation between achievement and seat location, even though when I was a student myself, I usually preferred to sit in the front.

1.According to the author, the best ways to impress professors do NOT include _____.

A. preparing for the class in advance B. asking questions through emailing

C. going to office hours regularly D. sitting in the front in every class

2.What does the word underlined “correlation” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Connection. B. Balance.

C. Difference. D. Separation.

3.What is the author’s opinion of students sitting in the front?

A. They may be better at group work.

B. They may want to stay awake in class.

C. They want to play with their phones.

D. Their grades are always the highest.

4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A. To persuade students to sit in the front.

B. To analyze the advantages of sitting in the back.

C. To show the effect of seating on study results.

D. To discuss different seat locations in the class.

Fun doesn’t have to be expensive

Everyone likes to have fun, but not everyone has much money to spend. Here are some free or cheap ways to enjoy yourself.

Get outside

Going outside in good weather can be a lot of fun, especially if you go with a friend. 1.

If you live in a city, you can go window-shopping. Or you can explore an old part of town and admire the buildings.

Try a hobby

While you’re out, take pictures of things you find. Planning and taking pictures can make you aware of the beauty all around you. Photographic equipment can be expensive, but it doesn’t have to be. You probably already own a camera or a cell phone that can take pictures. Other creative hobbies can also be done with basic materials. 2.

Find an event

Libraries often hold free public events. 3. And while you’re there, borrow a book or movie for free. Museums and universities also hold free events.

If you can’t find a free event, you can volunteer at an event that requires tickets. People who organize concerts and plays need help. 4. Sometimes they reward volunteers with free tickets.

Meet a friend

Relationships are often the best things in life. 5. Invite a friend for a walk, an event or a time working on your hobby. Hosting doesn’t have to be difficult. If your friend comes in the afternoon, you don’t have to serve a meal. You can sit and talk, play board games or card games or watch a movie.

A. A friend in need is a friend indeed

B. Stop by one to find out what’s going on.

C. Hike or bicycle on a nearby path or in a park

D. Whatever you do, find someone to share it with.

E. It’s a good idea to stay at home to watch a movie

F. You could set up or take down chairs or greet visitors.

G. Drawing and writing require nothing more than a pencil and paper.