1．The researchers who study jokes want to know people from different nations and cultures find——青夏教育精英家教网—

20．In 1999，twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms．Just three years later，the amount was almost double that．
A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation，behavior and attendance rates．Academic performance was unchanged．
Some high schools in Texas have also joined in the movement．Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms．And some schools have turned away from such policies．
Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools．The school district in Long Beach，California，was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools．The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning．
Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance．But researcher Viktoria，who has looked at those findings，says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms．
She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings．The district （the area marked by government） increased punishments for misbehavior．And California passed a law to reduce class sizes．
In Florida，for example，researcher Sharon found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence．In Texas，Eloise found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms，but no effect on attendance．
Sociologist David has studied school uniform policies since1998．He collected the reports in the book．In his own study，he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚州）required uniforms．
Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning．But David and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship．In fact，he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems．

32．Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies？D
A．Viktoria and Sharon．
B．Sharon and David．
C．Eloise and Sharon．
D．Viktoria and David．
33．The underlined word"misbehavior"in the sixth paragraph probably meansB．
A．serious crime
B．bad performance
C．absence for class
D．action against wearing uniforms
34．What can we infer from the passage？A
A．More work is needed to get better information about uniform's effect．
B．The number of schools requiring uniforms in the U．S．will become less sharply．
C．Wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning．
D．Politicians and communities won't vote for uniform policies．
35．What's the main idea of this passage？D
A．More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the U．S．
B．Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance．
C．Researchers in the U．S．argue for school uniform policies．
D．Evidence for school uniform polices in the U．S．is seen as weak．

19．Until late in the 20th century most Americans spent time with people of different generations．Now middle-aged Americans may not keep in touch with old people until they are old themselves．
That's because we group people by age．We put our three-year-olds together in day-care centers，our 13-year-olds in schools and sport activities，and our 80-year-olds in senior citizen homes．Why？
We live far away from the old for many reasons．Young people sometimes avoid the old to get rid of fears of becoming old and dying．It is much harder to watch someone we love disappear before our eyes．Sometimes it's got hard that we stay away from the people who need us the most．
Fortunately，some of us have found our way to the old．And we have discovered that they often save the young．
A reporter moved her family into a block filled with old people．At first her children were disappointed．But the reporter made banana bread for the neighbors and had her children send it and visit them．Soon the children had many new friends，with whom they shared food，stories and projects．"My children have never been lonely，"the reporter said．
The young，in turn，save the old．Once I was in a rest home （an organization where old people are cared for） when a visitor showed up with a baby，she was immediately surrounded．People who hadn't gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair．Even those who had seemed asleep woke up to watch the child．Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure．
Grandparents are a special case．They give their grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity．As my husband put it"My grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end．"Grandchildren speak of attention they don't get from worried parents．"My parents were always telling me to hurry up，and my grandparents told me to slow down，"one friend said．A teacher told me she can tell which pupils have relationships with grandparents：they are quieter，calmer and more trusting．

24．Now in an American family，people can find thatB．
A．children never live with their parents
B．not all working people live with their parents
C．old people are supported by their grandchildren
D．grandchildren are supported by their grandparents
25．Seeing a baby，the old people got excited becauseC．
A．they had never seen a baby before
B．the baby was clever and beautiful
C．the baby brought them the image of life
D．the baby's mother would take care of them
26．Why are some children quieter，calmer and more trusting？A
A．Because they have relationships with their grandparents．
B．Because their worried parents ask them to act like that．
C．Because they have nothing to worry about．
D．Because their teachers ask them to act like that．
27．Which of the following can show the fact that the old often save the young？A
A．The old can become friends of the children and the children may not feel lonely．
B．The old get excited when they see a baby．
C．The old can cure the young when they are sick．
D．Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure．

18．Football，to me，is more than just a game．I have probably learned more than valuable lessons from it than from school．
When I joined the team freshman year，I didn't realize what I was getting into．Even though I had been playing since fourth grade and knew it was hard work，nothing would prepare me for the effort I would put into football that year．We worked all summer in the weight room and ran on the track to get in physical and mental shape before the season．
See，football is more of a mental sport than anything else，so running on the track wasn't only about getting in shape．We would push our minds by running as hard as we could even if we felt like we were going to pass out．At the beginning，I was immature（幼稚的）and only thought of myself，sometimes even giving up when I was tired or hurting．Then after the third game I had a season-ending injury．Imagine working all summer and then only being able to play three games!I needed an operation on my arm and at least five months to recover．
After freshman year I decided that I would always give my best effort．Playing football in the college has taught me so much more than just what my tasks are on a particular play or how to block．I have learned to think about others first，and realized how important working hard is．Being with all my friends，even sweating and bleeding with them，really made us unite as a group of hard-working young men，who will succeed in life．

21．What is the text mainly about？C
A．How the author dislikes the game of football．
B．When the author began to play football．
C．How the author has changed his attitude to football．
D．What sport the author likes best．
22．The author thinks football isB．
A．just a game
B．of a mental sport
C．hard to be out-of-date
D．not worth his effort
23．In the third paragraph，the phrase"getting in shape"probably meansA．
A．becoming physically fit
B．designing the playground
C．losing weight
D．measuring the track．

17．Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men，in which he looked millions of years ahead．He told of different men and of strange civilizations，broken up by long"dark ages"in between．In his view，what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men．In 2，000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men．
However，most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted．Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years．But the next hundred？The next thousand？The next million？That's much more difficult．
When men and women lived by hunting 50，000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life？Yet to men of 50，000 years from now，we may seem as primitive in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us．Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels，or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe．These words，which I have just made up，have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of．
So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future？Here are two reasons．First，unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history，we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are．If we make the earth a poor place to live because we are careless or greedy or quarrelsome，our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us．
Second，by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future，we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves．For example，if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming，we can think of trying it now．So set you imagination free when you think about the future．

28．A particular mention made of Stapledon's book in the opening paragraphB．
A．serves as a description of human history
B．serves an introduction to the discussion
C．shows a disagreement of view's
D．shows the popularity of the book
29．The text discusses men and women 50，000 years ago and 50，000 years from now in order to show thatD．
A．human history is extremely long
B．life has changed a great deal
C．it is useless to plan for the next 50years
D．it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
30．Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer toC．
A．tools used in farming
B．ideas about modern life
C．unknown things in the future
D．hunting skills in the Stone Age
31．According to the writer of the text，imagining the future willA．
A．benefit the present and future generations
B．enable us to better understand human history
C．help us to improve farming technology
D．make life worth living．

16．Alex and Donna Voutsinas are like many couples； they met at work，fell in love and were preparing for the coming （56）marriage （marry）．Days before their wedding，the couple was looking at old family （57）photos （photo） when Donna came across a picture of herself as a child （58）on vacation at Disney and showed it to her boyfriend．
But Alex was more interested in the man （59）walking （walk） in the background behind Donna?s smiling family and the character Mr．Smee from Disney?s?Peter Pan．?Alex recognized the man in the background because it was his father，（60）who was pushing a stroller （婴儿车） during their own family trip to Disney．
Decades before they met as adults，the couple （61）had crossed （cross） paths at Disney as kids．
"Just （62）to be （be） in the same picture with my wife when we were （63）basically （basic） babies，it's unbelievable，"Alex Voutsinas said．The chance meeting is more unbelievable because the two families lived countries apart．（64）When the photo was taken，Donna?s family was living in Florida and Alex?s family called Montreal home．I was glad he asked me to marry him before the picture，?Donna said，?because I know that its because he loves me and （65）not because he thought it was meant to be，it was fate．

15．Nisha Pradhan is worried．The recent college graduate just turns 21 and plans to live on her own．But she's afraid she won't be able to stay safe．That's because she isn't able to smell．
Back home，her family do her smelling for her．She's moved in with them for now，but she's looking for a place of her own．"Now that I'm searching for ways or place to live as an independent person，I find that the sense of smell is important to how we live our lives，"Pradhan says．
She says when she was a child she liked to eat and ate a lot．But there came a point where she lost interest in food．
"One of the first things that people notice whenever they have a smell problem is that food doesn't taste right any-more，"says Beverly Cowart，a researcher．That's because eating and smell go hand in hand．How food tastes often relies on what we smell．"When you lose your sense of smell，your whole sense of food flavor s changed and reduced，"Cowart says，"You can still taste the basic tastes．What you're missing are the small distinctions．"
"When I go out to eat I have often found that that food is very tasteless to me．I never feel full，"she says．"I think a lot of us today like to pretend to be food lovers and we all like to talk about‘Oh，I think this could use a little bit more flavor，'or‘I think this has a hint of meat，'I can't really participate in those conversations，"she says．
Pradam thinks her smell loss also may have affected her memory．Pradhan may be on to something，according to biologist Paul Moore．"When smell signals come in，you feel about them first．And then you think about it and then the memory is laid down．So without the feel part，the thinking about its part doesn't come．And that means no new smell memory gets created．"

12．What problem does Pradhan meet with at present？A
A．That she has no sense of smell．
B．That she doesn't have her own house．
C．That she lacks life skills to live alone．
D．That she is too nervous to live alone．
13．What can we infer from what Beverly Cowart said？B
A．People with a smell problem have no food tastes．
B．Lack of smell sense makes eating a dull experience．
C．Different food tastes the same for people of smell loss．
D．People feel hungry easily for lack of smell sense．
14．When eating out，PradhanD．
A．has a sense of being full quickly
B．often has a good appetite
C．pretends to have good smell sense
D．feels left out sometimes
15．What does the underlined sentence mean？C
A．Pradhan may be crazy．
B．Pradhan may be foolish．
C．Pradhan may be right．
D．Pradhan may be forgettable．

14．Finding time to red is an important part of developing literacy skills for all kids．And there are many easy and convenient ways to make reading a part of each day-even when it's tough to find time to sit down with a book．
Reading opportunities are everywhere you go．While riding in the car，for example，encourage kids to spot words and letters （on billboards，store signs，etc．），turning it into a game （"Who'll be the first to find a letter B？"）．While shopping，ask your preschooler to"read"pictures on boxes and tell you about them．Point out the difference between the words and the pictures on the boxes．Encourage older kids to tell you what's on the shopping list．
Even daily tasks like cooking can provide reading moments．You can read recipes aloud to younger kids，and older kids can assist you as your cook by telling you how much flour to measure．Give your child a catalog to read while you sort through the mail．Ask relatives to send your child letters，e-mails，or text messages，and read them together．Help your child create letters or messages to send back to the relatives．These types of activities help kids see the purpose of reading and of print．
Even when you're trying to get things done，you can encourage reading．While cleaning，for instance，you might ask your child to read a favorite book to you while you work．Younger kids can talk to you about the pictures in the favorite books．
Make sure kids get some time to spend quietly with books，even if it means cutting back on other activities，like watching TV or playing video games．
Most importantly，be a reader yourself．Kids who see their parents reading are likely to resemble them and become readers，too!

12．What is the best title for the text？B
A．The Importance of Reading
B．Finding the Reading Moments
C．Improving the Kid's Reading Skills
D．Sitting down with a Book
13．According to the passage，encouraging the children to write letters is toA．
A．show the function of reading
B．examine their writing skills
C．improve the kids'reading ability
D．keep in touch with the relatives
14．To encourage older children to read，you can ask them toD．
A．make the shopping list
B．measure the flour for you
C．describe the pictures on boxes
D．read a favorite book to you
15．What does the underlined word"resemble"in the last paragraph probably mean？C
A．Enjoy．
B．Read．
C．Imitate．
D．Like．

13．An old Japanese man kept a sparrow（61）ofwhich he was very fond．One day it flew away．He went out（62）looking（look） all over the place for his sparrow．At last，he met his sparrow．"I missed you very much，sparrow．Will you follow me home？"（63）Though/Althoughthe sparrow was happy to see the old man，it shook（64）itshead．There were many other birds．They all looked healthy．"I am glad you have good companions，dear sparrow．"Said the old man．When it was time for the old man （65）to leave（leave），the sparrow gave him a basket as a present．"Well，"said the old man's wife （66）angrily（anger） when he returned，"where have you been all day？？""I have been to the home of my lost sparrow"，（67）replied（reply） he．When he opened the basket he was（68）amazed（amaze） to find it was full of gold．The old woman was very greedy．But the wife used to treat it very badly．She unashamedly asked for a present．"Alright"，replied the sparrow，"I offer you two（69）choices（choose）．One basket is light and the other is heavy．Just choose one．The greedy old woman cried out，"I'll take（70）theheavy one．"So the old woman carried the heavy basket breathlessly all the way．But when she arrived home and opened the basket，it was full of stones．

12．Many Beijing residents go to great lengths to avoid breathing the city's smoggy air，especially when it reaches critical pollution levels，but one local entrepreneur decided that canning and selling this poor quality air as a souvenir would be a great idea．Believe it or not，he was right．
After seeing a number of companies achieve commercial success by canning fresh air from countries like France，Canada or Australia and selling it in China．Dominic Johnson-Hill，a British-born citizen of Beijing and owner of the Plastered 8 souvenir shop，decided to turn the idea on its head and sell canned Beijing air throughout China and abroad．
"I'd seen people going crazy to buy canned air from Canada and Australia，so I thought it was time to push business the other way，"the entrepreneur said．"They're perfect gifts!What else are you going to take home when you go home from Beijing？A roast duck？A Plastered T-shirt？These cans are light，portable，you can just imagine someone's face when they unwrap it for Christmas．"
The few mouth-fulls of Beijing air come in standard tin cans featuring a couple of iconic city landmarks as well as a snarky description of the contents："a unique blend of nitrogen，oxygen and some other stuff"．The tongue-in-cheek souvenirs cost 25RMB （USS4）and are available at the Plastered 8 shop，as well as on its online shop．But if you're actually considering buying some，you'd better ask shop，as they are virtually flying off the shelves．Johnson-Hill told Ruptly that his shop is selling hundreds of Beijing air cans every day．
Personally，the well-sold can probably is an awakening for the public to be concerned about the living conditions．Yet one thing that's not particularly clear is if the air is really collected from Beijing，as the cans are labeled as"Made in Shenzhen"．There's a big chance that's just Plastered 8 humor，as they also list"Choking Hazard"and"May have come into contact with nuts"as warnings．
Anyway，it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment．

32．What are many people in Beijing likely to do with the smoggy air？D
A．Try to get used to it．
B．Can it as a souvenir．
C．Sell it all over the world．
D．Try their best to avoid it．
33．How may one feel when receiving canned Beijing air for Christmas？B
A．Satisfied．
B．Surprised．
C．Frightened．
D．Refreshed．
34．Which of the following can replace the underlined word"stuff"in Paragraph4？B
A．liquids
B．objects
C．minerals
D．risks
35．What can we infer from the passage？C
A．There are unidentified objects in the canned Beijing air．
B．The Plastered 8souvenir shop is famous for its humour．
C．The writer may expect us to care more about the environment．
D．Dominic Johnson-Hill is a British man who lives in Beijing．

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