4．Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation that threatens the survival of companies ever——青夏教育精英家教网—

4．Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation that threatens the survival of companies everywhere．It's based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldn't be challenged．While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change，it's unlikely to hold true in a changing situation．In today's rapid changing global environment，old methods often don't work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems．
Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security．If everyone else believes it，then it must be true．Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good．They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work．In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation （DEC），stated"There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．"Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists．
People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change．Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating．If companies don't innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic．Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．
Ted Turner （founder of CNN） knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before CNN．Turner's solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24hours a day．The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day．However，it doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don't have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work．Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted．They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future．
Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it．To survive，thrive and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change．

32．DEC has disappeared probably becauseB．
A．the consumers didn't like its products
B．the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas
C．the leaders lacked the sense of security
D．the employees took many risks with changes
33．The founding of CNN is used as an example to proveD．
A．conventional wisdom influences business success
B．missing opportunities could lead to failure
C．watching news at the dinner hour is convenient
D．changing could contribute to business success
34．What does the underlined part probably mean？C
A．Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly．
B．Most of the viewers don't like to watch the news at work．
C．It's easy to know people needn't watch the news all the time．
D．It's necessary to understand when people watch the news．
35．Which is the suitable title for this passage？D
A．Wiser leaders，better future
B．Innovation is everything
C．Opportunities lead to business success
D．Conventional wisdom limits innovation．

3．Jenny：I can't stand being with you any more．I'm sick （61）of your drinking．
Michael：I swear （宣誓，起誓保证）（62）never to drink again．Just give me another chance，please!
Jenny：How many （63）chances（chance ） have I given you？I've given up on you!
Michael：You know how hard I've tried（64）to quit（quit ）．I'd be lost without you．I'll not let you go．
Jenny：It's not just for your drinking，（65）but your lacking of sense of （66）responsibility（responsible ）．
Michael：I have to make money to support（67）the family，so I have little time（68）left（leave ） to share with you．
Jenny：Even when I was （69）seriously（ serious） ill，you couldn't spare a moment．
Michael：I've told you I （70）happened（ happen） to be in an important meeting at that time．
Jenny：I just don't trust you any more．

2．The Importance of Positive Attitude
A positive attidude is very important as it will make our life easier．（36）C There will be times when we will face problems and obstacles．The most challenging part is not when our life goes smoothly but how we react when we experirence problems and difficulties．
Those who have a positive attitude will treat any problem as a challenge．Instead of being discouraged，they will treat each failure as a lesson．（37）A As for those who do not have the positive attitude，they will see problems and difficulties in a different way．
The situation can be the same for both the Guy A and Guy B．（38）D Every one of us has the same amount of time．Since having negative attitude will eat up our time，why don't we just make good use of the same amount of time to have a positive attitude？Life itself is already hard．It will be much better if we have a positve attitude which will make our life happier and easier．（39）
FPeople will generally perfer to stay with people who have positive attitudes as being happy is very infectious （富有感染力的）．Everybody will be affected by the energy of positive attitude and they too will have a positive attitude．
If you learned to see the bright side of life whe∩n you're surrounded by difficulties，you'll be building your positive attitude fast．（40）G

A．And they will be motivated to achieve the goal．
B．Having good attitudes provides many health benefits．
C．In life，not everything goes as smoothly as we want．
D．But with different attitudes，the results will be quite different．
E．They may have no approaches to solving the problem．
F．When you have a positive attitude towards everything，you will be happier．
G．The more you practice having a positive attitude，the easier and more natural it will come to you．

1．We can make all the jokes we want about taking baths ourselves，but if we are ill in bed and can't get up，we'll be thankful to the nurses who help us get clean．While I am not a nurse，and have never given anyone a bath，I would imagine that it would take a lot of sympathy （同情） and patience to do so．Yet those who attended the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems last month were introduced to Cody，a robot that can bathe human beings．
The robot has a base that can be turned to all directions，two humanlike arms，and movable wrists （腕）．It uses a camera to locate parts of the human body．It then uses bath gloves to clean with a little pressure．
The robot was designed at the Georgia Institute of Technology．Charles Kemp of the Healthcare Robotics Lab is the senior researcher for the project．In a test run，Cody was able to remove 96% of a test subject's dirt-not bad for a robot．
But don't go asking for Cody yet-he's still a model．Yet researchers believe that one day Cody may take the place of nurses for this task．Researchers say that Cody will give patients dignity and protect their personal information．I suppose that would depend on the patient．I'm not sure whether a robot using a camera would make me feel very dignified．
Even so，I can appreciate the need．We don't have enough nurses to go around，and those places that are the most shorthanded，for example，nursing homes，are those that have the most patients who are unable to bathe themselves．Still，before I get there，I hope they think of a better way to solve the problem．

21．The writer thinks bathing others mustC．
A．be a lot of fun B．make you feel thankful
C．take a lot of patience D．make you feel dignified
22．What is the third paragraph mainly about？D
A．Why and where Cody was designed．
B．What Cody looks like and who designed it．
C．What Cody can do and where it will work soon．
D．How Cody works and what has made that possible．
23．We know from the fourth and fifth paragraphs thatC．
A．Cody can bathe patients better than a real nurse can
B．robots like Cody are being produced in large numbers right now
C．Cody can take the place of nurses completely in hospitals
D．researchers think Cody can protect patients'personal information
24．There is a need for Cody becauseC．
A．people are becoming lazier
B．it can bring down the cost of nursing
C．there are not enough nurses
D．there are too many nursing homes
25．In the writer's opinion，Cody isA．
A．acceptable but not perfect B．strange but not creative
C．clever and strong D．lovely and careful．

20．The holidays are a time for embracing （拥抱） tradition．No matter what that means for your family and friends，here are some tips for celebrating a truly traditional Christmas．
1．Serve home-grown food
（11）DIf you have done some canning or freezing this year，made homemade jams or jellies，or grown various types of vegetables，now is the time to serve them up at your Thanksgiving or Christmas dinner，
2．Do some baking
You can get creative with the types of things you bake，such as cookies，pies or cakes．
3．Help those in need
One holiday tradition is to take a little time to do something special for someone who needs help．Find some elderly people in your neighborhood and ask them what they need．（12）B Ask your friends and family if they know anyone who could need some kind of help．
4．（13）F
Instead of running around and facing all the crowded stores and last-minute shoppers，start your planning early．Don't wait until two days before Christmas to get what you need．If you decide on gifts several weeks before the holiday，you will be more likely to sit back and enjoy the festivities when the time comes．
5．Schedule relaxation
No matter how busy you are，it is a good idea to plan on setting time aside just to relax．You could schedule a message on the weekend，or start going to a yoga class．Try using some aromatherapy（香薰疗法） products，or some of the specialty items like nature alarm clocks or tabletop water fountains that can help you relax because of the soothing （抚慰的）sounds they make．（14）A
6．Decorate like the old days
You can do research on the Internet about the types of traditional styles of holiday decor that date back to hundreds of years．（15）E From wall hangings to table decor，you can find some unique ideas to dress up your home that you can probably make yourself．

A．You may even think about getting some stress-relief products for someone you know．
B．Perhaps you can drive them to the store，or do some shopping for them．
C．Spread cheer
D．A thoughtful way to make your holiday dinner table more traditional is to serve a few
home-grown foods．
E．Then you can find ways to recreate olden-day decor in your living room this year．
F．Avoid the rush
G．Christmas is one of those holidays that just seems to be filled with cheer and wonder．

19．你校将要举办一次主题为"how to communicate with friends"的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿．要点如下：
1．尊重并信任朋友
2．常与朋友聊天
3．换位思考问题
注意：
1．词数100字以上．
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
3．参考词汇：换位思考 put oneself in sb's shoes．
Hello，everyone，I'd like to share my ideas about the topic of communicating with our friends．
．

18．Everyone wants to have a healthy heart．Still，heart diseases affect more than 1in 3adults in the United States．The good news is that some simple，everyday habits can make a big difference in your ability to live a healthy lifestyle．Here are some worst habits for your heart，and how to avoid them．
Watching TV
Sitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke（中风），"some exercise doesn't make up for the time you sit，"says Harmony R．Reynolds，Why？The lack of movement may affect blood levels of fats and sugars．Dr．Reynolds advises walking around regularly and，if you're at work，standing up to talk on the phone．
Leaving hostility（敌意） and depression unchecked
Are you feeling stressed or sad？It can do harm to your heart．While everyone feels this way some of the time，how you handle these emotions can affect your heart health．"Those with stress are in greater danger，research has shown a benefit to laughter and social support，"Dr．Reynolds says．"And it's helpful to be able to go to someone and talk about your problems．"
Cutting off from the world
It's no secret that on some days，other human beings can seem annoying and too difficult to get along with．
However，it makes sense to strengthen your connections to the ones you actually like．People with stronger connections to family，friends，and society in general tend to live longer，healthier lives．
Everyone needs alone time，but you should still reach out to others and keep in touch whenever you can．
Drinking （too much） alcohol
Sure，studies suggest a small amount of alcohol may be good for your heart．However，too many of us drink over．Too much alcohol is linked to a greater risk of high blood pressure，high levels of blood fats，and heart failure．

33．Which of the following is bad for those with stress and sadness？D
A．Laughing a lot
B．Talking about their own problems．
C．Getting social support
D．Leaving these emotions alone．
34．If you want a long healthy life，you shouldB．
A．cut off from the world
B．get along well with others
C．stay alone as much as possible
D．drink no alcohol
35．From the passage we can infer thatA．
A．some everyday habits can help avoid heart attacks
B．standing up to talk on the phone is not a good idea
C．it's easy to strengthen your connections to others
D．too much alcohol is not linked to heart failure．

17．China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals，when peopleadmire（欣赏） the moon and in China，enjoy the mooncakes．

16．How fun it is to have an ice-cream on a hot summer day!

15．A disturbingchildhood made him afraid of his own shadow．

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