17．Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work．Maybe that is why there are ——青夏教育精英家教网—

17．Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work．Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word cold．For centuries，the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings，for example，are said to be cold-blooded．Cold-blooded people act in merciless ways．They may do cruel things to others，and not by accident．For example，a newspaper says the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．The killer murdered someone，not in self-defense．He seemed to kill with no emotion．
Cold can affect other parts of the body，the feet，for example．Heavy socks can warm your feet，if your feet are really cold．But there is an expression-to get cold feet-that has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you had decided to do．For example，you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned．All the work of the organization will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation．
Cold can also affect your shoulder．You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them．You treat them in a distant，cold way．The expression probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone，instead of speaking to him face-to-face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or，to someone who has lied about you to others．
A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly，unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．
Out in the cold is an expression often heard．It means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise．He was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be．

21．The text is intended to tell us thatB．
A．cold weather has a great effect on human bodies．
B．many English expressions contain the word cold．
C．cold is a word all used to describe human emotions．
D．the word cold has many different meanings in English．
22．Which of the following can best describe a person who is unwilling to offer anything to others？D
A．Cold-blooded． B．To get cold feet．
C．A cold shoulder． D．A cold fish．
23．If a teacher gives all the boys except Tom a pen as a prize，you can say TomC．
A．is given the cold shoulder．
B．is punished by a cold fish．
C．is left out in the cold．
D．has got cold feet．
24．The five expressions mentioned in the text allA．
A．have a negative meaning．
B．come from physical acts．
C．relate to a kind of animal．
D．have a connection with the human body．

16．People who are slightly overweight or mildly obese（肥胖的） have a lower risk of early death than normal weight individuals（个人；个体），according to a new analysis of nearly 100international studies．
The studies，most conducted within the past decade，included about three million adults from around the world．The result of these studies by researchers at the National Center for Health Statistics in Maryland，part of the U．S．Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，shows that slightly overweight or obese people were six percent less likely to die from all causes compared to people of normal weight．But the researchers found that seriously obese individuals were still at a 30percent greater risk of death compared to healthy-weight individuals．
Study lead author Katherine Flegal says she was not surprised that overweight people would not have a higher death risk．"Because we'd actually already read a lot of this literature and realized that death rates for overweight would be at least not higher than normal[weight，"she said．"I guess l was a little bit surprised that it was definitely lower．And l was also surprised that the lower rates of obesity didn't seem to differ from normal weight．"
But Flegal stresses the difference in death rates appear to be small between normal-weight people and overweight and mildly obese individuals．
The finding by Flegal and colleagues have raised new questions about the reliability（可靠性）of the so-called"body mass index"or BMI，a measurement of body fat as a ratio（比例，比率）of height to weight，that has become popular in recent years among public health experts to measure potential health risks．
But Heymsfield warns that individuals should not conclude that it's okay to put on extra kilograms，since being at a healthy weight lowers the risk for heart disease and diabetes．

25．Katherine Flegal feels surprised at the fact thatB．
A．obese people have higher death rates
B．slightly obese people have lower death rates
C．obese people tend to die early
D．death rates have nothing to do with body weight
26．What do we learn from the fifth paragraph？A
A．BMI may not be so reliable．
B．The study provides further evidence for BMI．
C．BMI tells nothing about potential health risks．
D．BMI has been much questioned recently．
27．What can we conclude from the passage'？B
A．It's OK to put on extra weight．
B．It doesn't matter if you are slightly obese．
C．Obese people are much healthier．
D．Body weight has nothing to do with death rates．
28．What topic does the passage mainly deal with？C
A．Technology． B．Dieting．
C．Health． D．Death．

15．Peter waved goodbye and closed the door slowly as Jane left home to visit her grandmother．Expecting a whole day to relax，he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favorite TV talk show on his first day off in months．"This will be like a walk in the park，"he'd told his wife，"I'll look after the kids，and you can go to visit your grandma．"
Things started well，but just after eight o'clock，his three little"good kids"-Adam，Bob，and Christopher-came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted"breakfast，daddy．"When food had not appeared within thirty seconds，Adam began using his spoon on Christopher's head as if it were a drum．Christopher started to shout loudly in time to the beat （节拍）．Bob chanted"Where's my toast，where's my toast"in the background．Peter realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds．
Life became worse after breakfast．Adam wore Bob's underwear on his head．Bob locked himself in the bathroom，while Christopher shouted again because he was going to wet his pants．Nobody could find clean socks，although they were before their very eyes．Someone named"Not Me"had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes．Peter knew the talk show had already started．
By ten o'clock，things were out of control．Christopher was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter．Adam was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his color pencils．Bob，thankfully，appeared to be reading quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands．Peter realized that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible．
At exactly 11：17，Peter called the daycare centre （日托所）．"I suddenly have to go into work and my wife's away．Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes？"The answer was obviously"yes"because Peter was smiling．

21．When his wife left home，Peter expected toA．
A．have a relaxing day without pressure
B．enjoy his first day off work in weeks
C．watch TV talk show with his children
D．go out for a walk in the nearby park
22．Which of the following did Bob do？D
A．Using his spoon on Christopher's head．
B．Wearing his underwear on his head
C．Reading quietly in the family room．
D．Eating apple jam from the bottle．
23．Why did Peter ask the daycare centre for help？D
A．Because he had to pick up his wife back home．
B．Because he found it hard to kill the time home．
C．Because he wanted to go to his office to work．
D．Because he found it hard to look after his boys．
24．This text is developedA．
A．by time B．by giving examples
C．by comparison D．by space．

14．假定你是李华，负责学校英文广播站．请你给广播站的顾问Dr．Brown写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加广播站十周年庆典．要点如下：
1．感谢他的指导；
2．告知参加庆典时间和地点；
3．邀请他参加庆典并发言．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
3．开头和结尾已给出．
参考词汇：广播站：broadcast station，
顾问：consultant
周年庆：anniversary．

13．If you want to keep fit，please refer to the following：
Move More
Make it a daily practice to find ways to move your body．（11）FClimb stairs instead of taking the elevator．Walk your dog；play with your kids．It doesn't have to be an hour in the gym or a 45minute dance class．But that's great when you're up to it．At the same time，move more．
Quit Smoking
Ever since 1960 when it was announced that smoking was harmful to health，Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products．Just recently，we've seen more and more teens smoking．Could it be the Hollywood influence？（12）CTake care！Warn your children against smoking．
（13）DWhile recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day can help protect against heart disease，more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney （肝肾） disease and cancer．
Reduce Stress
Easier said than done，stress comes in many ways．（14）BSpend 30 minutes a day doing something you like such as walk on the beach or in a park，read a good book，visit a friend，listen to relaxing music，and watch a funny movie．
Protect Yourself from Pollution
If you can't live in a smogfree environment，at least avoid smokefilled rooms．（15）GExercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is not good．

A．Keep going out from time to time．
B．Some opinions given by experts are to think positive thoughts．
C．It seems that the stars in every movie smoke cigarettes．
D．Avoid over-drinking
E．Think carefully about what you will do．
F．There are many things you can do to move your arms and legs．
G．Exercise outside when the smog（雾霾） rating is low．

12．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station．I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people．Before long，a train inspector comes to check out tickets．A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset．Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，that was eventually found under a seat several rows from its owner．The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success．No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before．Yet，they had so quickly offered the strangers their help．If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in．

11．One morning，more than a hundred years ago，an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep．He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem：It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle．
Though he was tired，Howe slept badly．He turned and turned．Then he had a dream．He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine．When he tried to do so，Howe ran into the same problem as before．The thread kept getting caught around the needle．The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe．They came up towards him with their spears raised．But suddenly the inventor noticed something．There was a hole in the tip of each spear．The inventor awoke from the dream，realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem．Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle，he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle．This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine．
Elias Howes was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way．
Thomas Edison，the inventor of the electric light，said his best ideas came into him in dreams．So did the great physicist Albert Einstein．Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre．
To know the value of dreams，you have to understand what happens when you are asleep．Even then，a part of your mind is still working．This unconscious（无意识的），but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day．It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed．It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake．However，the unconscious part acts in a special way．It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first．This is why dreams are sometimes called"secret messages to ourselves"．
8．The problem Howe was trying to solve wasD．
A．what kind of thread to use
B．how to design a needle which would not break
C．where to put the needle
D．how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle
9．Thomas Edison is spoken of becauseB．
A．he also tried to invent a sewing machine
B．he got some of his ideas from dreams
C．he was one of Howe's best friends
D．he also had difficulty in falling asleep
10．Dreams are sometimes called"secret messages to ourselves"becauseA．
A．strange images are used to communicate ideas
B．images which have no meaning are used
C．we can never understand the real meaning
D．only specially trained people can understand them．

10．One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one's mistakes．It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like"I was wrong about that，"and it is even harder to say，"I was wrong，and you were right about that．"
I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago．He told me he had been the manager of a certain store in the neighborhood where I grew up，and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons （in many countries，eggs are sold by the dozen and are put in cartons．） Then he related an incident （event，matter） and I began to remember unclearly the incident he was describing．
I was about eight years old at the time．I went into the store with my mother to do some shopping．On that particular day，I must have found my way to the food department where the incident took place．
There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there were lots of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons．The cartons were put three or four feet high．I must have stopped in front of the piles of egg cartons．Just then a woman came by pushing her shopping cart and knocked off the cartons．For some reason，I decided it was up to me to put the eggs back together，so I went to work．
The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened．When he appeared，I was on my knees looking at some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken，but to him it looked as though I was the one who just did it．He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs．I tried to explain，but it did no good．Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident，it is plain that the manager did not．
5．Which is the correct order of the following？D
a．I forgot all about the incident．
b．I went into the store．
c．A woman knocked off the egg cartons．
d．I stood in front of the egg cartons．
e．The manager reminded me of the incident．
f．The manager didn't believe my explanation．
g．I picked up the unbroken eggs．
A．b； d； g； c； a； f； e
B．b； d； c； g； f； e； a
C．b； c； d；g； e； f； a
D．b； d； c； g； f； a； e
6．The word"reprimanded"in the last paragraph most exactly means"B"．
A．frightened       B．scolded        C．warned           D．comforted
7．The best title for this passage should beA．
A．A Case of Mistake
B．The Manager I Never Forget
C．The Manager and I
D．An Incident 15 Years Ago．

9．The U．S．Department of Labor statistics （统计） show that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing．Already there have been more than enough teachers，engineers，physicists，aerospace experts，and other specialists．Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren't there．The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree．
On the other hand，there is a great need for skilled workers of all sorts：carpenters，electricians，mechanics，plumbers，TV repairmen．
These people have more work than they can deal with，and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates．The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true．The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen．
The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future．A large part of American society matches success in life equally with a college degree．Parents begin indoctrinating （灌输） their children with this myth before they are out of grade school．High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life．Under this pressure the kids fall in line．Whether they want to go to college or not doesn't matter．Everybody should go to college，so of course they must go．And every year college enrollments （入学） go up and up，and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them．
One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there．Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college，half of them do not graduate with their class．Many of them drop out within the first year．Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up．
1．It's implied but not stated in the passage thatB．
A．many other countries are facing the same problem
B．white-collar workers in the US used to make more money than blue-collar workers
C．fewer students will prefer to go to college in the future
D．the law of supply and demand has a strong effect on American higher education
2．Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year？
D
A．Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education．
B．Many parents want their children to go to college．
C．High school teachers urge their students to go to college．
D．Every young man and woman wants to go to college．
3．By saying that"many people go to college who do not belong there"，the author means thatA．
A．many people who are not fit for college education go to college
B．many people who do not have enough money go to college
C．many people who go to college drop out within the first year
D．many people who go to college have their hopes destroyed
4．We can infer from the passage that the author believes thatD．
A．every young man and woman should go to college
B．college education is a bad thing
C．people with a college education should receive higher pay
D．fewer people should go to college while more should be trained for skilled jobs．

8．李华的笔友Make最近感觉身体不适，因此写信向李华询问如何保持身体健康．假如你是李华，请你根据以下要点提示用英文给他回信．要点提示：
1．合理饮食，避免吃脂肪高及含糖多的食物，多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果；
2．锻炼身体，合理锻炼有助身体健康；
3．保证充足睡眠，不要熬夜；
4．你的其他建议…
字数：100词左右（信的开头和结尾已给但不计入总数，可适当增加细节）．
Dear Make，
I'm glad to receive your letter，But I'm sorry to hear that you are not very well these days．_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，
Li Hua．

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