3．Durban.South Africa (CNN)-Coal is the new gold in South Africa-it's also one of the worst polluter——青夏教育精英家教网—

3．Durban，South Africa （CNN）-Coal is the new gold in South Africa-it's also one of the worst polluters on the planet．
South Africa is the world's fourth largest coal exporter with over 40billion tons of the fossil fuel in storage．But the host of the United Nations Climate Change Conference，currently taking place in Durban，is under increasing pressure to reduce its dependence on coal．
From South Africa to America，Europe to China，coal is the bedrock on which most world economies have been built．Reducing its use，many countries argue，will reduce productivity and growth．Even though the government is talking nicely about climate change we are not seeing the action．
Developed countries have promised to contribute﹩100billion towards a Green Climate Fund to finance developing nations to reduce their carbon release．But many fear these funds may never become reality．
Complicating matters even more is the argument around whether all the world's developing countries should be entitled to the fund．
In the meantime，with more power stations either being built or planned，South Africa's coal mining industry is likely to continue to grow．Europe has been South Africa's main coal export market，but orders from India and China have rapidly grown in recent years．Still，it is domestic demand that drives the industry：Over 90% of South Africa's electricity is generated from coal．
"This country has been mining coal since the 1860，"said Melita Steele of Greenpeace．"It has formed the backbone of the economy and it's what Eskom knows．Less than 1% of this country's energy is green which is a sorry tale．"
Several targets to create electricity from waste are already underway．Government says it has plans to use more sustainable energy．However，these ambitious promises may go up in smoke if the world fails to reach an agreement in Durban．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．）

81．Though it is commonly thought to be one of the worst polluters，coal is consideredthe new gold in South Africa．
82．Europe，India，China and South Africa． have（has） been the dominant South Africa's coal market（s）．
83．What ill effect may occur with the reduction of coal use？productivity and growth will be reduced
84．How else can South Africa produce electricity to save itself from coal addiction？（By creating electricity） from waste．．

2．

A．baked　　B．strangely　　C．appearance　　D．shiny　　E．combined
F．leading　　G．super　　 H．varieties　　I．assembled　J．resembled

What's delicious and healthy to eat and comes in a variety of colors？Eggplant!And no，it has nothing to do with chickens!This （41）strangely named vegetable can be，however，cooked in as many ways as an egg．It can be steamed，fired or（42）baked．It can be eaten by itself or （43）combinedwith meats or other vegetables．
Eggplant was first grown in India during the 5^th century B．C．Its popularity soon spread to China，and then throughout Asia．Finally，during the Middle Ages the vegetable made its way to Europe．At that time，eggplant was not the （44）shiny purple vegetable people know today．Instead，it （45）resembled a white egg．Due to this egg-like （46）appearance，eggplant got its name．In its early days，the vegetable was so bitter that people often called it a"mad apple"．This nickname started because people believed its bitterness was bad for one's health．People actually thought eggplant could cause insanity and cancer．
Fortunately，today people know that eggplant doesn't cause insanity or cancer．In fact，eggplant is so healthy that it may prevent cancer．In addition，the brain and the heart benefit from this （47）super vegetable．Since it is high in fiber，eggplant can also improve digestion．
Italy，Turkey，Egypt，China and Japan are the （48）leadinggrowers of eggplant in the world today．Depending its location，eggplant may be purple，green，orange or yellow-white．And it can be as small as a tomato or as large as a cucumber．Dish （49）varietiesrange from simple to complex，with all of them being delicious．

1．A popular saying goes，"Sticks and stones may break my bones，but words will never hurt me．"However，that's not really true．Words have the power to build us up or tear us down．It doesn't matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves-the positive and negative effects are just as lasting．
We all talk to ourselves sometimes．We're usually too embarrassed to admit it，though．In fact，we really shouldn't be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit．
This"self-talk"helps us motivate ourselves，remember things，solve problems，and calm ourselves down．Be aware，though，that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative．So in order to stay positive，we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves．We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back．The next time you finish a project，do well in a test，or finally clean your room，join me in saying"Good job!"
Often，words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have．But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others．For example，when returning an item to a store，we might use warm，friendly language during the exchange．And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner．Or harsh and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive．
Words possess power because of their lasting effect．Many of us regret something we once said．And we remember unkind words said to us!Before speaking，we should always go through a"ask-yourself"test：Is it true？Is it loving？Is it needed？If what we want to say doesn't pass this test，then it's better left unsaid．
Words possess power：both positive and negative．Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively．We can offer hope，build self-esteem and motivate others to do their best．Negative words destroy all those things．Will we use our words to hurt or to heal？The choice is ours．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10WORDS．）

81．As to the power of words，the author believes they can eitherbuild us/people up or tear us/people down/be positive or negative/hurt or heal/encourage or discourage us/people．
82．People should only speak words of encouragement to themselves tostay positive．
83．What does the underlined part"give ourselves a pat on the back"mean？encourage/praise ourselves
84．What should we do if the"ask-yourself test"is not passed？We'd better leave the words unsaid．．

20．A．Necessity for china-and-silver elegance
B．A new trend towards casual dining
C．Preference for traditional dining
D．Shrinking of the pottery industry
E．Roots of casual dining
F．Reasons for the shrinking of the pottery industry

When families gather for Christmas dinner，some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma's generation．Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver，and the dress code will be Sunday-best．

76．But in many other homes，this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware（粗陶）-and-stainless informality，with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look．For hosts and guests，the change means greater simplicity and comfort．For makers of fine china in Britain，it spells economic hard times．B
77．Last week Royal Doulton，the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent，announced that it is eliminating 1，000jobs-one-fifth of its total workforce．That brings to more than 4，000the number of positions lost in 18months in the pottery region．Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier．D
78．Although the increased value of the pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing，the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts．A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company"has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend"toward casual dining．Families eat together less often，he explained，and more people eat alone，either because they are single or they eat in front of television．F
79．Even dinner parties，if they happen at all，have gone casual．In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules，busy hosts insist，rightly，that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a"real"dinner party．Too often，the perfect moment never comes．Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth？Forget it．Polish the silver？Who has time？E
80．Yet the loss of formality has its down side．The fine points etiquette（礼节） that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents．（"Chew with your mouth closed．""Keep your elbows off the table．"） must be picked up elsewhere．Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially．A．

19．61．Jiang Wei has a three-week vacation from next Monday．He wants to go to Shanghai by bus and then go home by train．He wants to find a hotel near the railway station，for he plans to spend two days vesting Nanjing Road and the Chenghuang Temple in Shanghai．B
62．Mr．Sun is a manager of a big company in Beijing．Next month．Thomas，an American consultant，will pay a visit to his company．Mr．Sun is responsible for looking after Thomas．This will be Thomas'fist visit to Beijing．Mr．Sun decides to choose a hotel which is very typical of China and is convenient for him to get a quick tour of the capital．E
63．Mr．Lee is a sales manager in a company in Shanghai．Last year he got married and this Saturday will be his wedding anniversary．He met his wife while he was taking a walk along the West Lake．He has decided to celebrate their first anniversary at the place that saw the beginning of their love．A
64．Mr．Xu is a mathematics professor．Next Sunday，the International Mathematics Annual Meeting will be held in Renmin University of China．Mr Xu was invited and has asked his assistant to book a room．A hotel near the university is preferred．F
65．Ms．Wang is a mother of two children．Running a shoe shop，she lives a comfortable life．They live in Hangzhou，and have never seen the sea with their own eyes．The summer vacation is coming and Mr．Wang wants to take her children to Yantai to see the sea．C

A．Xinqiao Hotel is an international four-star hotel in Hangzhou．The hotel is perfectly located in the business center of Hangzhou City with the West Lake only a few minutes away．It is the tallest building near the West Lake．The hotel has 409rooms and suits in different styles．
B．Home Inn is next to the North Square of Shanghai Railway Station and is near the Hutai Road Bus Station．It provides standard rooms，business rooms，and superior rooms．Twenty-four-hour hot water，TVs，telephones，free broadband Internet and free parking are all availabele．
C．Yantai Hongkou Hotel is located at the center of the new coastal scenery area．The hotel is just 2.5kilometers from the train station，and 26kilometers from the airport．After a short walk，guests can enjoy the fresh sea breeze and the soft sandy beach．It offers different classes of guest rooms，such as standard rooms and business suits．
D．The Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is a five-star hotel and is located in downtown Shanghai．Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road are only a five-minute walk from the hotel．It is four kilometers away from the railway station．All the rooms are well-designed．Room service is available at all hours．
E．Beijing Hotel is located on East Chang'an Avenue，the heart of Beijing．It has a long history of more than one hundred years．It made history as the Olympic Family Hotel by hosting distinguished guests from all over the world during the 2008Summer Olympic Games．Its services included dinging，business，tickets and entertainment．
F．Yanshan Hotel is located in the Zhongguancun High-tech Zone of Beijing．It is a business hotel and is surrounded by a number of famous universities including Peking University，Renmin University of China and Tsinghus University．Besides superior rooms，it also offers standard rooms．

18．Parents and kids today dress alike，listen to the same music，and are friends．Is this a good thing？Sometimes，when Mr．Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter，Elizabeth，listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy，such as pop culture，he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager．
"I would never have said to my mom，‘Hey，the new Weezer album is really great．How do you like it？'"says Ballmer．"There was just a complete gap in taste．"
Music was not the only gulf．From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits．
Today，the generation gap has not disappeared，but it is getting narrow in many families．Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago．Now they are comfortable and common．And parent-child activities，from shopping to sports，involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood．
No wonder greeting cards today carry the message，"To my mother，my best friend．"
But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents．"There's still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there，but there is a change happening，"says Kerrie，a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College．"In the middle of that change，there is a lot of confusion among parents．"
Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes．They see the 1960s as a turning point．Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say．
"My parents were on the‘before'side of that change，but today's parents，the 40-year-olds，were on the‘after'side，"explains Mr．Ballmer．"It's not something easily accomplished by parents these days，because life is more difficult to understand or deal with，but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now．"
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS．）

81．The underlined word"gulf"in Para.3most probably meansdistance．
82．How is the generation gap getting narrow today？Parents share more interests with their children．．
83．What is the change in today's parent-child relationship？more equality between parents and children
84．The purpose of the passage is todiscuss the development of the parent-child relationship．

17．Planting trees around poultry（家禽） farms can improve air and water quality-and relations with neighbors．Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia （氨）．They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas．
The trees capture dust，ammonia and smells in their leaves．They can also reduce energy use．They also provide shade from the sun，so they reduce cooling costs in summer．And they act as a windbreak，so they reduce heating costs in winter．Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater．
Several years ago，people were objecting to the smell of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United States．Delmarva is where the states of Delaware，Maryland and Virginia come together．Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens．
Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses．Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings，so there would be no barrier to the airflow．
But then in the 60s，farms began to use mechanical ventilation（通风） systems．Instead of windows，the mechanical systems used tunnel fans to circulate（使…循环） air．The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors．
Researchers began dealing with the problem in 2000．They found that over a period of six years，planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half．And they found that smells were reduced by 18%．
Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective．But some trees can grow quickly．At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees，technically known as vegetative environmental buffers．The idea offers a way to cut pollution，save money and energy，and make the neighbors happy．

81．How did the mechanical ventilation system work？By using tunnel fans to circulate air
82．The number of chickens raised on the poultry farms in Delmarva is up to150 million．
83．The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms arecutting pollution，saving money and energy，and make the neighbors happy．
84．What is the main topic of the passage？The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms．

16．

A．poisoned B．destruction C．survived D．increased E．especially
F．chemicals G．concern H．decline I．occasionally J．sensitive

More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians（两栖动物） are declining or have become extinct．Amphibians are animals，such as frogs，that live partly in water and partly on land．And they have been around for over 350million years．They have （41）survived three mass extinctions，including the extinction of the dinosaurs．Why are they dying out now？
The most serious aspect of amphibian loss，however，goes beyond the amphibians themselves．Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian （42）decline means for the planet as a whole．If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians，is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well？
Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors．One of these factors is the （43）destruction of habitat，the natural area where an animal lives．Amphibians are very （44）sensitive to changes in their habitat．If they cannot find the right conditions，they will not lay their eggs．These days，as wild areas are covered with houses，roads，farms，or factories，many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs．
There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline．Pollution is one of them．In many industrial areas，air pollution has （45）poisoned the rain，which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs that live there．In farming areas，the heavy use of （46）chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians．Another factor is that air pollution has led to （47）increased levels of ultraviolet （UV） light．This endangers amphibians，which seem to be （48）especially sensitive to UV light．
All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general （49）concern．These factors affect human beings，too．

15．It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children．However，as parents'views of life vary，they show their love in different ways．Generally speaking，parents can be classified into three types，the monarch types the servant type，and the friend type according to their different ways of showing their love for their children．
The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered．They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe．Furthermore，they insist that their children should ac）upon them without question．When their authority is challenged，they become angry．With a firm belief in their own principles of life，they have litter respect for others'opinions，least of all，their children's The sentence they say most frequently to their children is，"You should do this．"
Contrary to the monarch-type parents，the servant-type．parents circle around their children all the time．They are soft，good-nature，and easy-going．They never deny their children any wish．and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for．They are happy so tong as their children are content．With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice，they are ready to give up anything for their children's sake．With their children at the center of their lives，they always ask" ？"
The friends-type parents，as the term implies，treat their Children as friends．They are generous and wise．Like good friends，they discuss with．their children the latest news，share their children's interests，and listen attentively to their children's expression of emotion，whether it is anger，fear，joy or sorrow．They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand．They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solutions．They respect their children as their equals．They often say，"Let's put our heads together and see what we can do．"
There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents，for a free，friendly，and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind．All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways．of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily．

76．What is the best rifle of the above passage？（no more than 5words）Three types of parents
77．What is the strongly held belief of the monarch type of parents？（no more than 10words）Their children should act upon them/obey them without question．或Their children should ly observe the family regulations/rules．
78．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3with proper words．（no more than 10words）What else can we do for you 或（Is there）Anything else we can do for you
79．Why do most children prefer the third type of parents7（no more than 25words）Because a free，friendly，and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind．
80．Complete the following sentence according to the above passage．（no more than 5words）
No matter what type your parents belong to．they simplylove you/love their children/show their love for you．

14．[1]Handwritten thank-you letters are such a simple way of making other people feel good，it is strange that so few people write them anymore．At work，a thank-you letter to employees is unbelievably effective．It costs little and has no side effects．ne effort involved in writing letters is very low．The pleasure on receiving them is very high．This makes them an excellent way to reward and motivate staff．
[2]Doug Conant，manager of Campbell's Soup Company since 2001，knows the power of thank-you letters．He said that every day he works with an assistant，combing the company for people deserving thanks．He then writes them a thank-you letter．Over the past 10years he has sent 30，000thank-you letters to his employees-more than 10each day．The reward is huge：his company has remained one of the most successful in its field for years．
[3]But if these letters are so uplifting，why don't more managers write them？
There seem __________．Firstly6，chief executives running compa-nies think their own work is more valuable than that of others．Since no one ever writes them thank-you letters they don't write any themselves．Secondly，they aren't close e-nough to the business to know who deserves thanks． Thirdly，they have forgotten the strange human truth that almost everyone would do almost anything in return for a few words of appreciation．
[4]In these days of such busy schedules and people running all over the place and trying to get ahead，sometimes we forget the simplest things in life are the most power-ful and rewarding．You need to think to yourself about a time someone sent you a thank-you and how much it meant to you．Always remember to"Do to others whatever you would like them to do to you!"

76．Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one？
It is not at all difficult to write letters．The effort involved in writing letters is very low．
77．What's the purpose of Paragraph 2？（no more than 15words）To give an example showing how effective thank-you letters are．/To provide an example to show thank-you letters are effective．/To give an example to support the main idea．
78．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3with proper words．（no more than 5words）to be three reasons
79．Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3into Chinese．第三，他们忘记了这样一个奇怪的人性真理：为了回报寥寥数语的感谢，几乎每个人都愿做几乎任何事．/第三，他们忘了这样一个奇特而真实的人性特点：几句感谢的话，便可换来对方不遗余力的倾情付出．
80．What's the main idea of this passage？（no more than 15words）Handwritten thank-you letters are an excellent way to reward and motivate people．/Handwritten thank-you letters are very important．．

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