7．When men get together.they seldom talk about their feelings or inner thoughts．However.they talk ab——青夏教育精英家教网—

7．When men get together，they seldom talk about their feelings or inner thoughts．However，they talk about a lot，like their newest computer，how to repair their car，or even business．
Talk might move to the best place to find fish or women，jump to computer games，then continue to the sport of the season．They also like to tell jokes each other and spend a fair amount of time playing one-up and boasting（吹牛）．Men seldom call each other to chat．
When man meets woman，he usually wants to make a good impression．Many single men try hard to carry on amusing，fun，and pleasant conversations．They use conversation to discover her interests and feelings in order to learn how to be attractive to her．
Some men，either out of nervousness or ignorance，spend most of the time talking about themselves，often appearing to brag about their achievements or talk endlessly about their problems or work．Even the quietest man talks to his woman when love is new．
When women get together，they talk about feelings and relationships，their work and their family．They enjoy talking but also want the give and take of talk，then listen．Women often call each other to chat．Conversation is an important part of most women's lives．
As relationships progress，however，many a man turns on the television and forgets how to talk．This raises anger and cry from his woman partner who says，"You never talk to me anymore．"Some men start talking．Many，however，mainly discuss their own achievements and problems．
When the woman starts talking about her favorite subjects：feelings，family，relationships，friends and her work，many men lose interest or bring the conversation back to themselves．Pretty soon，the man is back to staring at the television each night，wondering where his relationship has gone．The woman is talking to her friends，mom，sister，or neighbor，often about that very relationship and how she is hurting．
24．What can we know about men from the first two paragraphs？A
A．They like to talk about practical matters．
B．They are willing to expose their inner thoughts．
C．They prefer to take adventurous travels．
D．They often call each other to chat about work．
25．Which of the following can replace the underlined part"brag about"in Paragraph 4？A
A．show off
B．dream about
C．put forward
D．care for
26．What is the same topic in both men's and women's talk？D
A．Family．
B． Jokes．
C．Friends．
D．Work．
27．What is the best title of this passage？C
A．How a man makes a good impression to a woman．
B．Good relationship between men and women．
C．Men talk；women talk；do they talk together？
D．Talking，the women's main tool in communication．

6．Most of us don't remember our first two or three years of life．But our earliest experiences may stick with us for years and continue to influence us well into adulthood．
A study，published in Child Development，found that the type of emotional support that a child receives during the first three and a half years has an effect on education，social life and romantic relationships even 20or 30years later．
Babies raised in supportive and caring home environments tended to do better on tests later on，and they were more likely to get higher degrees as adults．They were also more likely to get along with their classmates and feel satisfied in their romantic relationships．
"It seems like，at least in these early years，the parents'role is to communicate with the children and let them know，‘I'm here for you when you're upset，when you need me．And when you don't need me，I'm your cheerleader，'"says Lee Raby，a psychologist and researcher at the University of Delaware who led the study．
Raby used data collected from 243people who participated in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk．All the participants were followed from birth until they turned 32．"Researchers went into these kids'home at times．Other times，they brought the children and their parents to the university and observed how they communicated with each other，"says Raby．
Of course，parental behavior in the early years is just one of many influences，and it's not necessarily causing the benefits seen in the study．While summarizing the results，the researchers accounted for the participants'social status and the environment in which they grew up．
Finally，they found that about 10percent of someone's academic achievement was connected with the quality of their home life at three．Later experiences，genetic factors and even luck explain the other 90percent．
8．The text is especially helpful for those who care aboutB．
A．individual experiences
B．child development
C．human relations
D．educational background
9．What can we learn about people who have had bad childhood experiences from the text？D
A．They don't remember their younger days at all when growing up．
B．They long for emotional support to do better at school．
C．They can't recover from separating from their parents．
D．They are still affected by their earliest experiences even decades later．
10．Researchers collected data mainly byC．
A．photographing the participants'daily lives
B．communicating with the participants'parents
C．observing the participants'behavior
D．summarizing the participants'position．

5．Being Authoritative （权威的） Parents
Phrases like"tiger mom"and‘‘helicopter parent"have made their way into everyday language．Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort，we might turn out children with bright futures．But is there anything wrong with a kind of"overparenting style"？
Parental involvement has a long history of being studied．Many of the studies，conducted by Diana Baumrind，a famous psychologist at the University of California，Berkeley，have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way，who sets high expectations but gives her child independence．These"authoritative parents"appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically，psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved，or controlling and more involved．Why is this parenting style so successful？
Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children．Carol Dweck，a social psychologist at Stanford University，has done research that indicates why authoritative parents raise more motivated children．In a typical experiment，Dr．Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle．Most do so with little difficulty．But then Dr．Dweck tells some，but not all，of the kids how clever they are．As it turns out，the children who are not told they're smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles．They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving．
As the experiment suggests，praising children's talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence．Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one's status as"smart"．Dr．Dweck's work strongly supports that of Dr．Baumrind，who also found that reasonably supporting a child's independence and limiting interference （干涉） causes better academic and emotional results．
The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident．If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can't walk，you reduce her confidence．Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting．It is easier when they are young．The potential mistakes carry greater risks，and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children．
25．According to the passage，a"tiger mom"D．
A．helps her children realize their dreams
B．speaks her children's everyday language
C．places reasonable expectations on her children
D．pays close attention to her children's experiences
26．It is implied that controlling style of parenting mayB．
A．face more challenges of children
B．cause more problems in children
C．develop independence in children
D．lead to children's academic success
27．The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests thatC．
A．a good game plays a big role in training young minds
B．puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need
C．overpraising makes children less motivated and confident
D．bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games
28．The last paragraph tells us thatD．
A．children should not be given much freedom
B．parents should not increase the risk of challenging
C．children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents
D．parents should allow their children to learn from the mistakes．

4．Turning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight，according to scientists．The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories．It also triggers （引发） a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad．
An experiment by the University of Konstanz，in Germany，found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full，compared to those who could see．They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate．Blindfolded volunteers estimated（估计） they had eaten 88percent more than they actually had．
Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full．
In the experiment，50people were blindfolded and 40were allowed to see their food．All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment．They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate ice cream and invited to eat for 15minutes．Their bowls were taken away and the remaining ice-cream weighed，while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten．
On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g．However，the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the non-blind volunteers．They were also asked how pleasant the ice-cream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see．
"The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group．Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite．Sight plays an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience．"
Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste．While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses，in fact eating in darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual．
25．With the lights out，diners eat less partly becauseD．
A．they want to quickly finish their meals
B．they trust their feelings more than ever
C．they focus more on fun than the calories
D．they worry about the quality of the food
26．We can learn from the passage that the blindfolded groupB．
A．spent a much longer time eating the same food
B．believed they ate more than they really did
C．depended on past experiences to feel full
D．thought the food tasted better than usual
27．The last two paragraphs tell us thatA．
A．diners are likely to lose their appetite eating in darkness
B．senses rather than sight play an important role in the taste
C．findings of this experiment differ from the previous studies
D．restaurants benefit a lot from allowing diners to eat in the dark
28．The main purpose of the passage is toC．
A．provide statistics related to eating in the dark
B．offer reasons for people to eat in the dark areas
C．inform the readers of the result of an experiment
D．persuade the readers to lose weight in a new way．

3．Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast？Recently a test was given in the United States．Those tested included people of different ages，from 12to 83．During the experiment（实验），these people were given all kinds of breakfasts，and sometimes they got no breakfast at all．Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast．The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast，he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast．This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains．If a student eats fruit，eggs，bread and milk before going to school，he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class．
Opposite（相反） to what many people believe，if you don't eat breakfast，you will not lose weight．This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch，and end up gaining weight instead of losing．You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals．
28．During the test，those who were tested were givenD．
A．no breakfast at all
B．very rich breakfast
C．little food for breakfast
D．different breakfasts or none
29．The results of the test show thatA．
A．breakfast has a great effect on work and studies
B．breakfast has little to do with a person's work
C．a person will work better if he has a simple breakfast
D．those working with brains should have much for breakfast
30．The passage mentions that many people believe that if you don't eat breakfast，you willA．
A．lose weight
B．not lose weight
C．be healthier
D．gain a lot of weight
31．What can we infer from the passage？C
A．Poor breakfasts hardly affect those who work with brains．
B．Eating nothing in the morning may cause one to get thinner．
C．Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight losing．
D．Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight．

2．The Enigma （谜）of Beauty
The search for beauty spans centuries and continents．Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4，000years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup．In 18th-century France，wealthy noblemen wore large wigs （假发）of long，white hair to make themselves attractive．Today，people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance．
There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive：beauty is power．Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money，get called on more often in class，and are regarded as friendlier．
But what exactly is beauty？It's difficult to describe it clearly，and yet we know it when we see it．And our awareness of it may start at a very early age．In one set of studies，six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs．The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students．In the studies，the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones．
The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers．In studies by psychologists，men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes，fuller lips，and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist．According to scientists，the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits-the full lips，clear skin，strong shoulders-equal health and genetic well-being．
Not everyone thinks the same way，however．"Our hardwiredness can be changed by all sorts of expectations-mostly cultural，"says C．Loring Brace，an anthropologist at the University of Michigan．What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another．Look at most Western fashion magazines：the women on the pages are thin．But is this"perfect"body type for women worldwide？Scientists'answer is no； what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world．They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures．
For better or worse，beauty plays a role in our lives．But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another．Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing，it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single，uniform standard．Beauty really is，as the saying goes，in the eye of the beholder．
32．People's ideas about beautyA．
A．have existed since ancient times
B．can be easily described
C．have little influence on a person's success
D．are based upon strict standard
33．In Paragraph 3，the babies in the studyD．
A．were rated for their appearance
B．were entered in a beauty contest
C．were shown photos of a group of college students
D．were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones
34．The underlined word"traits"in Paragraph 4probably meansA．
A．qualities
B．measurements
C．judgments
D．standards
35．We can learn from the passage thatD．
A．the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up
B．the search for beauty is rooted in lack of confidence
C．the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches
D．the understanding of beauty depends on cultural backgrounds．

1．There is an English saying that"Laughter is the best medicine．"Until recently，few people took the saying seriously．Now however，doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body．They have found that laughter can really improve people's health．
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body．People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts，blood pressure，breathing and muscles．It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise．It increases blood pressure，makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper； it also works on several groups of muscles in the face，the stomach，and even the feet．If laughter exercises the body，it must be beneficial．
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effects of pain on the body．In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs．The group that tolerated（忍耐）the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain．
As a result of these discoveries，some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics，in which they help to improve their patients'condition by encouraging them to laugh．They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing，making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter．
32．What do we learn from the tests mentioned in paragraph 2？C
A．Laughter has totally different effects when compared with physical exercise．
B．Laughter can help to decrease blood pressure．
C．Tests'purposes were to study the influence of laughter on the body．
D．Laughter makes no difference to our feet．
33．The underlined word in paragraph 3can be replaced byD．
A．increase
B．raise
C．add
D．reduce
34．According to the passage，the following statements are true exceptC．．
A．Laughter is good for health．
B．Laughter helps to reduce pain．
C．Laughter can make you become old．
D．Laughter has good effects on patients．
35．The best title for this passage may beD．．
A．Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health
B．Laughter clinics help patients improve their condition
C．Laughter can reduce the effects of pain
D．Laughter is the best medicine．

20．In a society such as the United States or Canada，which has many national，religious and cultural differences，people highly value individualism-the differences among people．Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special．The educational systems in these countries show these values．Students do not memorize all possible basic knowledge．Instead，they work individually and find answers by themselves．There is often discussion in the classroom．At an early age，students learn to form their own ideas and opinions．
In most Asia societies，by contrast，the people have the same language，history and culture．Perhaps for this reason，the educational system in much of the orient reflects society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism．Children in China，Japan and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments．
There are advantages and disadvantages of both systems of education．For example，one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about maths，physics，biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school．They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do．The system is difficult，but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control．There is，however，a disadvantage．Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools，yet many students say that after an exam，they forget much of the information that they have memorized．
The advantage of the educational system in North America，on the other hand，is that students learn to think for themselves．The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas．There is，however，a disadvantage．When students graduate from school，they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have．
32．The writer's purpose of writing this passage isC．
A．to share his idea with others in a new way
B．to criticize the society that values memorization
C．to introduce two different systems of education through contrast
D．to prepare students for society
33．Which is NOT true according to the passage？D
A．The system of education in the West is more creative than that in the East．
B．Japanese students learn much more about science than American students．
C．Canadian students are more individual than Korean students．
D．Students in North America are not as friendly as those in Asia．
34．From the facts，we can infer thatA．
A．Asian students are more likely to do better in teamwork than American students
B．Chinese students are more hardworking in their studies than Mexican students
C．the Western educational system is much better than the Eastern educational system
D．the Eastern educational system is as difficult as the Western educational system
35．What is the best title of the passage？C
A．Advantages and disadvantages of educational system
B．The value of individualism
C．Educational system-an obvious difference between the East and the West
D．Memorization-an important learning method．

19．Cats like climbing trees and there are logical reasons behind this behavior．Interestingly，due to some of their physical features，cats will meet trouble getting down from the trees after climbing up，which may seem unusual．
There are several reasons why cats climb trees，mostly to do with defensive purposes．Cats，as predators（捕食者），like to understand their environment well．As they are small animals，their scope of vision is considerably smaller．Cats often climb trees to get a better view of their surroundings to help them see any potential dangers．
While cats are predators，they are also easy to get attacked from larger animals，such as dogs or even other cats．A tree often provides a safe hiding place．In the wild，cars climb up trees to give them a resting or napping place that is out of predators'range．It also helps disguise their presence，．
Some cats may climb trees for fun，on occasion，or possibly to work on improving their climbing abilities．Small cats frequently test out their claw skills by trying to climb up anything and everything，from bookcases to trees to a person's leg．Climbing practice is good for cats； it can improve their strength and flexibility and teach them an important defensive skill．
If a cat has gotten up a tree and cannot get down，the owner may wonder why its remarkable climbing abilities only work in one direction．A cat's claws curve inward，allowing it to grip onto surfaces while going up head first．Unfortunately，this useful climbing curve does nothing to help the animal get back down again．
Eventually，most trapped kitties will either jump out of the tree or realize that they can get down by going tail first．Either way，a cat up a tree is usually nothing to panic about unless it is injured or disabled； they are intelligent animals and will figure out how to get down sooner or later．
24．Why do cats have trouble getting down from a tree？D
A．They are afraid of height．
B．They are easy to get lost in a tree．
C．They don't know how to jump off a tree．
D．Their climbing ability doesn't help when climbing down．
25．According to the text small cats like to climb a person's leg toB．
A．show love to the person
B．test out their claw skills
C．avoid the attack from the dog
D．get food from a person's hand
26．What should you do when you see a cat trapped in a tree？B
A．Lead it down patiently．
B．Just let it alone
C．Teach it the right way to get down．
D．Watch it closely until it comes down．
27．What does this text mainly talk about？A
A．Why cats like to climb trees．
B．Why cats can't climb down a tree．
C．How cats manage to climb down a tree．
D．What owners do to help cats down a tree．

18．Modern computer technology has made online friendship possible．Online friends are people who have known each other through the Internet．Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships？Can people form strong relationships online？
When you use social networking websites and chat rooms，you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours．Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations．It's often easier to share thoughts and feelings online．What's more，online friends can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems．
Although the Internet can encourage friendship，it has a major disadvantage．It's much easier for some people to deceive others because they are not face to face．Online friends only tell you what they want you to know．They sometimes exaggerate（夸大） their good qualities and hide the less positive ones，so you can't be sure of what they really like．
There are different answers to the second question．Researchers surveyed 2，000families in the US．The results showed that over 40% of participants（参与者） feel as strongly about their online friends as they do about their offline friends．Researchers also found that it's not unusual for online friends to become face-to-face friends．However，there are many people who believe that it's not possible for people to have deep relationships with online friends．
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship．However，most of them would agree that face-to-face friendship cannot be replaced by online friendship．As one life coach says，"A social networking site should only be the‘add on'in any relationship．"
55．What is the second paragraph mainly about？D
A．Functions of friendship．
B．Signs of good online friends．
C．Ways to make online friends．
D．Advantages of online friendship．
56．The underlined word"deceive"in Para.3probably meansC．
A．praise
B．support
C．cheat
D．hurt
57．In most people's opinion，online friendshipA．
A．won't take the place of face-to-face friendship
B．are as important as face-to-face friendships
C．are better than face-to-face friendships．
D．will become face-to-face friendships
58．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？A
①①①①
②②③②③
③④④④
⑤⑤⑤②③④⑤

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