16．Have you ever noticed how much the number twelve is used?A ruler that is a foot long has twelve i——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．Have you ever noticed how much the number twelve is used？A ruler that is a foot long has twelve inches．A yardstick（尺码） has three times twelves inches，or thirty-six inches．
On a canlender you will see twelve months in each year．A clock face is numbered from one to twelve for the hours．The time span from noon to midnight is twelve hours； from midnight to noon there are twelve more hours．Each day is two times twelve，or twenty-four hours long．
We buy eggs by the dozen，which means twelve at once．Sometimes we buy other things by the dozen．The stores sell different things by the dozen．In a store you may have seen a dozen pencils held together by a paper wrapping or a dozen oranges in a sack．Stores also buy things in lots of twelve dozens，or by the gross（罗，12 打）．One gross consists of twelve dozens，or one hundred and forty-four items．
33．An outside cover is aD．
A．bag
B．sack
C．number
D．wrapping
34．A means a space of time．
A．Span
B．Gross
C．Room
D．Canlender
35．A foot-long ruler hasB inches．
A．six
B．twelve
C．twenty-four
D．thirty-six．

15．If you know something is bad for you，why can't you just stop？About 70% of smokers say they would like to stop．Drug and alcohol abusers （滥用者） struggle to give up the bad habits that hurt their bodies and destroy families and friendships．And many of us have unhealthy weight that we could lose if only we would eat right and exercise more．So why don't we do it？
Some scientists have been searching for answers．They've studied what happens in our brains as habits form．They've found answers to why bad habits，once formed，are so difficult to kick．And they're developing ways to help us make the changes we'd like to make．
Habits are a normal part of life，and are often helpful．"We wake up everymorning，shower，comb our hair or brush our teeth without being aware of it，"Volkow says．We can drive along familiar routes without really thinking about the directions．"When behaviors become automatic（不加思索的），it gives us an advantage，because the brain does not have to perform the action on purpose．"Volkow says．This frees up our brains to focus on different things．
One way to kick bad habits is to focus on your unhealthy habits．Then try your best to stop them．For example，habits can be linked in our minds to certain places and activities．You could develop a plan，say，to avoid walking down the hall where there's a candy machine．Try to avoid going places where you've usually smoked．Stay away from friends and situations linked to problem drinking or drug use．
Another helpful way is to replace unhealthy habits with new，healthy ones．"It doesn't work for everyone，"Volkow says．"But certain groups of patients who have a history of taking a drug can do something else like running and it helps them stay away from drugs．"
21．In the first paragragh the writer mainly wants to tell usC．
A．we should stop something bad for us
B．most smokers would like to stop smoking
C．bad habits are really difficult to give up
D．eating right and exercise more can lose weight
22．Scientists studied what happened in our brains as habits form in order toA．
A．find answers to solve the problem
B．find ways to form good habits
C．kick their own bad habits
D．help us see how bad habits form
23．If you want to kick bad habits you'd betterA．
A．focus on them on purpose
B．go to the places linked with them
C．do something linked with them
D．ask your friends for help
24．What is the main idea of the passage？A
A．Breaking bad habits．
B．Forming good habits．
C．Finding reasons for bad habits
D．Replacing bad habits with good ones．

14．In a society such as the United States or Canada，which has many national，religious and cultural differences，people highly value individualism-the differences among people．Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special．The educational systems in these countries show these values．Students do not memorize all possible basic knowledge．Instead，they work individually and find answers by themselves．There is often discussion in the classroom．At an early age，students learn to form their own ideas and opinions．
In most Asia societies，by contrast，the people have the same language，history and culture．Perhaps for this reason，the educational system in much of the orient reflects society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism．Children in China，Japan and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments．
There are advantages and disadvantages of both systems of education．For example，one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about maths，physics，biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school．They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do．The system is difficult，but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control．There is，however，a disadvantage．Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools，yet many students say that after an exam，they forget much of the information that they have memorized．
The advantage of the educational system in North America，on the other hand，is that students learn to think for themselves．The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas．There is，however，a disadvantage．When students graduate from school，they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have．
8．The writer's purpose of writing this passage isB．
A．to share his idea with others in a new way
B．to introduce two different systems of education through contrast
C．to criticize the society that values memorization
D．to prepare students for society
9．Which is NOT true according to the passage？D
A．The system of education in the West is more creative than that in the East．
B．Japanese students learn much more about science than American students．
C．Canadian students are more individual than Korean students．
D．Students in North America are not as friendly as those in Asia．
10．From the facts，we can infer thatA．
A．Asian students are more likely to do better in teamwork than American students
B．Chinese students are more hardworking in their studies than Mexican students
C．the Western educational system is much better than the Eastern educational system
D．the Eastern educational system is as difficult as the Western educational system
11．What is the best title of the passage？C
A．Advantages and disadvantages of educational system
B．The value of individualism
C．Educational system-an obvious difference between the East and the West
D．Memorization-an important learning method．

13．Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct （本能） to help one another．Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children．who are able from a young age to gather their own food．
In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．
Human children，on the other hand are extremely cooperative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught．but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded．A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills，at least when compared with chimps．In tests conducted by Tomtasell，the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests，but were considerably better at understanding the social world
The core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality．Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose．They actively seek to be part of a"we"，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．
33．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps？A
A．Chimps seldom care about others'interests．
B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children．
C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food．
D．Chimps naturally share food with each other．
34．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that theyA．
A．have the instinct to help others
B．know how to offer help to adults
C．know the world better than chimps
D．trust adults with their hands full
35．The passage is mainly aboutC．
A．the helping behaviors of young children
B．ways to train children's shared intentionality
C．cooperation as a distinctive human nature
D．the development of intelligence in children．

12．Our character，basically，is made up of our habits．"Sow a thought，reap an action； sow an action，reap a habit； sow a habit，reap a character； sow a character，reap a destiny，"as the saying goes．
Habits are powerful factors in our lives．Because they are consistent，often unconscious patterns； they constantly，daily express our character and produce effectiveness or ineffectiveness．
As Horace Mann，a great educator，once said，"A habit is like a cable．We weave a strand（线）of it every day and soon it cannot be broken．"I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression．I know habits can be learned and unlearned．And I also know it isn't a quick fix．It involves a process and tremendous（巨大的）devotion．
Some of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11were shocked as they saw the first men walk on the moon and return to the earth．But to get there，those astronauts had to break out of the tremendous pull of gravity of the earth．More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off in the first few miles of travel than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles．
Habits，too，have tremendous pull．However，most people don't realize or admit it．Getting rid of bad habits really requires great willpower and some changes in our lives．Lift-off takes tremendous effort，but once we break out of the pull of gravity，we can enjoy unprecedented（空前的）freedom．
Like any natural force，the pull of gravity can work with us or against us．The pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going wherever we want to go．But it is also the pull of gravity that keeps our world together and keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order．It is powerful force，and if we use it effectively，we can create cohesiveness（凝聚力）to establish effectiveness in our lives．
29．Why did the author quote the saying in the first paragraph？B
A．To show the author was a wise man．
B．To support the author's opinion about the habit．
C．Because a great educator asked the author to do it．
D．Because the author liked the old saying very much．
30．Why does the author say habits have powerful effects on our lives？A
A．Because habits can constantly affect our character．
B．Because habits can be learned and unlearned．
C．Because you can reap a character by sowing a habit．
D．Because a habit is like a cable and useful to our life．
31．What does the writer mean by referring to gravity pull？C
A．Ridding bad habits needs great willpower．
B．Breaking the gravity pull means enjoying freedom．
C．To prove that the habits can work with us or against us．
D．The gravity pull is very important in our lives．
32．Which can be the best title for this passage？C
A．Forming a good character is important
B．The importance of the pull of gravity
C．Excellence is not an act but a habit
D．The powerful factors of habits．

11．In America，parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential to the fullest extent．Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals．American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do，not what they can't．As a result，millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes，diplomats and doctors．Many of them even want to become president．
American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school，such as student government，sports and music．They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults．
As we all know，schoolwork is important．But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work．What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively．
As a rule，Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do，nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities．Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams．They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day．It is a great waste of time to do so．
Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children．I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children．I am very confident about it．
32．From the passage，we know the American parents pay much more attention to
B．
A．their children's studying hard and well
B．the social skills than Chinese parents
C．what their children want but they can't
D．extra activities than schoolwork
33．According to the passage，Chinese parentsA．
A．don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities
B．owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important
C．pay much more attention to their children's fine future
D．know more than American parents to educate their children
34．From the passage，we can inferC．
A．American children are brave and adventurous
B．American children are more active in their studies
C．Something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China
D．Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively
35．What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform？D
A．Neutral．
B．Indifferent．
C．Negative．
D．Positive．

10．

When you walk along a street in a big city in the United States，you may see clocks in most stores．Radio announcers give the correct time during the day．People there think that it is important to know the time．Most Americans have watches．They do not want to be late．
Not all people all over the world value time．Suppose you visit a certain country in South America，You would find that people living there do not like to rush．If you had an appointment（约会）with someone，he would probably be late．He would not care for arriving on time．In some countries in South America，even the radio programs may not begin right on time，nor do the radio announcers think it important to announce the right time．Many people regard a clock as a machine．It seems to them that a person who does everything on time is controlled（控制）by a machine．They do not want a clock or any machine to have that much power over their lives．
6．There are clocks in most stores in the US cities becauseD．
A．people in the stores want to sell these clocks
B．bosses want to make their stores beautiful
C．people think it important to know the time
D．they needn't wear watches when they are away from home
7．The underlined word"rush"in the passage most probably means"C"．
A．run
B．race
C．hurry
D．move
8．South America，he might not arrive on time，and this is becauseC．
A．he didn't have a watch with him
B．he forgot to have a look at a watch or a clock
C．he didn't think it important to arrive on time
D．he didn't like an appointment with someone．

9．Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher，and the teacher will ask us some questions．Sometimes，the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class．When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics，remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying．You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat with friends---you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent，waiting to hear what you have to say．You must speak so that they can hear you---loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout or appearing to force yourself．
Remember，too，that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you．The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease but the situation is somewhat different from that of a ordinary conversation．You must take special care that you can be heard．
1．When you speak to the class，you should speakC．
A．as slowly as possible
B．in a low voice
C．loudly
D．forcefully
2．Usually，when you speak to the class，the class isB．
A．noisy
B．quiet
C．having a rest
D．serious
3．The situation in the class isD that in your house．
A．not very different from
B．sometimes the same as
C．sometimes not the same as
D．not the same as
4．If you are having a conversation with an official，the most important thing for you isC．
A．to show your ability
B．to be very gentle
C．to make sure that you can be heard
D．to put the official at ease
5．The main idea of this passage isA．
A．that we should talk in different ways in different situations
B．that we must speak loudly
C．that we must keep silent at any time
D．that we must talk with the class．

8．The principles about applying for jobs have altered greatly lately．In the past，people preferred a handwritten application letter．However，nowadays it is becoming more and more common to apply for a job through the Internet．You can find information on the Internet about how to apply for jobs．Information can be found about how to fulfill your application letter，the clothes that you should wear and how to carry out the interview itself．
The importance of body language is often mentioned，but doesn't always get the attention it deserves．After all，before a word has even been spoken，your body language will have already given people their first impression of you．Additionally，your body language will also give out a lot more information．Based on your body language it can be seen if you are self-confident．It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it helps give an impression of whether you are speaking truthfully or not．Body language can show how enthusiastic you are and if you are a nice person，someone who will take his work seriously，but also someone who has a sense of humor and can enjoy a joke from time to time．The members of the application committee will ask you questions，but your answers won't only be oral．The committee will not only pay attention to what you say，but also to how you say it!Body language will determine first if it"clicks"，and sometimes all it takes is just a few seconds．Everybody uses body language，but it takes place mostly at a subconscious （下意识的） level．Using body language appropriately，you can definitely increase your chances of getting a job．
4．What kind of people is the text mainly meant for？B
A．Interviewers
B．Jobhunting people
C．Employers
D．Layoff workers
5．We can learn from the first paragraph thatD．
A．handwritten letters are not used in finding a job
B．the more expensive clothes interviewees wear，the better
C．body language is more important than spoken words
D．the Internet is of significance in applying for a job
6．Using body language well in a job interview will probablyC．
A．get rid of the interviewers'prejudice
B．determine what position one will get
C．increase the possibility to get the wanted job
D．help one remove nervousness
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？C
A．Those using body language are usually confident．
B．Body language is often used on purpose in job hunting．
C．Body language is a mirror to reflect one's personality．
D．People enjoying jokes are preferred in a job interview．

7．Many tourists visiting the USA on vacation enjoy shopping for bargains．You can find many bargains in the US if you know where to shop and how to take advantage of the competitive sales．
Department stores offer good quality and high fashion
Macy's department stores offer a wide selection of merchandise（商品），including fashion clothing，luggage and jewelry．They normally offer good quality merchandise，well known brands and the latest fashions，but not low quality products at bargain prices．They frequently have seasonal sales with attractive discounts．At such times，you can get high quality or fashion merchandise at bargain prices．
General merchandise stores offer affordable quality
Sears and JCPenny are two large national chains with stores across the US．They are similar to department stores but they do not offer high fashion merchandise or luxury（奢侈的） brands．Instead，they feature good quality merchandise at affordable prices．They are particularly known for their selection of children's clothing and domestic goods．Sears is famous for its selection of tools and garden products．[]
Discount stores sell at low prices
Discount stores sell some good quality merchandise at affordable prices and some lower quality merchandise at very low prices．If you are not looking for the latest fashions，famous brands，or the best quality，you can find some very inexpensive merchandise at a discount store．Some national discount chains with stores across the US are K-Mart，Wal-Mart，Target and Caldor．
Outlet stores are a bargain hunter's wonderland
Outlet stores or factory outlets sell high quality merchandise and well-known brands at discounted prices．They usually offer merchandise with slight flaws（瑕疵） and remainders from the last season or the previous year．They do not have end-of-season sales like the department stores，as their merchandise is always discounted 20% to 40% below department store prices．
21．If you want to buy a new dress that is fashionable，you should go toD．
A．Sears
B．Wal-Mart
C．JCPenny
D．Macy's
22．What is a feature of general merchandise stores？C
A．They normally offer the best quality merchandise．
B．They offer well-known brands and the latest fashions．
C．They offer goods at acceptable prices．
D．They can offer a special discount．
23．Which of the following is NOT true about outlet stores？C
A．You can purchase goods with excellent quality and reasonable prices．
B．They can offer goods from last year．
C．You will get goods with serious quality problems．
D．Their merchandise is always discounted below department store prices．

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