16．In the United States.30percent of the grown-up population has a weight problem．To many people.the——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．In the United States，30percent of the grown-up population has a"weight"problem．To many people，the cause is clear：they eat too much．But scientific experiments do little to support this idea．Going back to the American of 1910，we find that people were thinner than today，yet they are more food．In those days people worked harder physically，walked more，used machines much less，and didn't watch television．
Several modern studies，besides，have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people．In fact，some research work，such as 1970study of 3，545London office workers，reports that fat people eat less than thinner people on the average．
Studies show that thin people are more active than fat people．A study by the research group of School of Medicine at Stanford University found the following interesting facts．The more a man ran，the greater body fat he lost．The more he ran，the greater he needed for food．Thus，those who ran the most ate the most，yet lost the greater amount of body fat．

61．What kind of physical problem do many grown-up American have？C
A．They are too thin．                B．They work too hard．
C．They are too fat                   D．They lose too much body fat．
62．What has modern medical and scientific research reported to us？A
A．Fat people eat less food and are less active．
B．Fat people eat more food and are more active．
C．Fat people eat more food but lose greater amount of body fat．
D．Thin people run less，but eat more food．
63．Based on the number given in the article，if there are 500adult Americans，how many of them will have weight problem？D
A.30                B.50               C.100                D.150．

14．A group of students in Japan have created an eerily （怪异的） realistic robot baby to motivate young people to start planning a family and boost the country's birth rate．The automated doll developed at the University of Tsukuba，called Yotara，giggles （咯咯地笑） and"wakes up"when a rattle（拨浪鼓） is shaken．
He can become angry and doze off （打瞌睡）like a real baby and smiles when his stomach is rubbed．The robot can also sneeze and have a runny nose，thanks to a heated water pump system．The students of the Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences created the robot with touch sensors．A projector beams （照射） the facial features onto a warm silicon balloon which makes up Yotara's face．The robot's facial expressions and body movements change according to pressure applied to different parts of its body．
The information collected through touch sensors under the silicon skin is processed by a special programme．It then changes the baby's expression projected onto the balloon-face from behind．Its head with a bonnet（童帽），a colourful blanket covers the robot's limbs which stimulate wiggling with the help of a geared motor．"We wanted to create a new type of robot that is soft，cuddly and cute，"said project leader Hiroki Kunimura．
"We'd like people to experience the innocent，joyful expressions typical of small babies．Through this experience，it would be great if some people started feeling that they wanted to have their own baby，if they started feeling that working is not everything．"
Japan's birth rate is among the lowest in the developed world at 1.37%，compared to 2.12% in the United States and l.84% in Britain．According to a ministry of labor and welfare report，Japan is facing serious economic consequences with over a quarter of its citizens expected to be aged over 65by 2015．The population is expected to shrink by a third within 50years if the birth rate does not increase．

60．What is the purpose of creating such a robot baby in Japan according to the text？A
A．To increase Japan's birth rate．
B．To give small children a great deal of pleasure．
C．To comfort the young people who are lonely．
D．To help old people who live alone．
61．It can be inferred from the text thatB．
A．the robot baby's head is covered with a bonnet and a colourful blanket
B．some people think working is everything in Japan
C．Japan's birth rate is the lowest in the world
D．people would like to experience the innocent，joyful expressions typical of small babies
62．What is Japan's problem according to the author？D
A．Most young people don't want to have a family．
B．Japan's birth rate is increasing at present．
C．The lifetime of Japanese will decrease in future．
D．Japan will lack workforce by 2015．
63．From the text we can learn that YotaraC．
A．can react at what you say to him B．show no emotion of human beings
C．is controlled by the pressure on it D．can cough and have a runny nose．

13．The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past．With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone，writing by hand has become something of nostalgic （怀旧的） skill．However，while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful-both in school and in life．
Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand．
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks-both on a computer and by hand．The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate．
In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write．"Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts．It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas．"Berninger said．
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe （转换）"those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，"the study said．Seeing the words in the"mind's eye"helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot（发现）spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time．
"In our computer age，some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，"she said．"But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer．"

56．What makes writing by hand a thing of the past？A
A．The use of new technologies in teaching．
B．The absence of blackboard in classroom．
C．The lack of practice in handwriting．
D．The popular use of smartphones．
57．Which of the following best shows the role of spelling？B
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words．
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability．
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas．
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas．
58．What conclusion could be drawn from the passage？D
A．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade．
B．Computers can help people with their choice of words．
C．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching．
D．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms．

12．Businesses are witnessing a difficult time，which has in turn produced influence on consumers'desire to go green．However，shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns．
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago，while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy．
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves．And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly．Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies，with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company's environmental reputation was not good enough．
Harry Morrison，chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust，sympathizes："I understand this situation where survival is very important now．But from environmental considerations，the clock is ticking-we don't have much time．In addition，cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand．"
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint，as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）．Those that have taken early action will have a head start．More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible．This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers．
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing．"When companies are granted（授予）the standard，they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions，"Mr．Morrison said．

67．What's the main idea of the passage？B
A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers．
B．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers'environmental awareness．
C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home．
D．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions．
68．The underlined word"inform"in Paragraph 2probably means"C"．
A．disturb B．change C．affect D．reject
69．According to Harry Morrison，businessesB．
A．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
B．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
C．are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
70．We can learn from the passage that businesses willA．
A．gain advantages by taking early action
B．use the same logo in their marketing
C．have a strong desire to reduce costs
D．attract more shoppers by storing goods．

11．The practice of exchanging foreign currency can vary by country．In one country，you may have to change your money at the airport，and in other countries you may need to buy your foreign currency in advance．Here are some places you can exchange foreign currency for U．S．currency．
Your Bank
In many cases you can purchase U．S．currency for your trip from a bank．Banks tend to have higher exchange rates than some currency exchange businesses．Before you purchase currency from a bank，check the currency change rates for that day so you can compare the rate the bank is giving and determine if it's a good offer．There is a fee involved in withdrawing foreign currency from your bank．
The Airport
Currency exchange businesses can be found at most international airports，so you can purchase U．S．currency either before you board your flight or at the U．S．airport on arrival．Note that U．S．airports typically have fewer currency exchange counters than travelers are accustomed to seeing in other parts of the world．If the airport you are flying into is not in a major U．S．city，consider using the exchange service in your departure airport to be on the safe side．If you are in an airport where several exchange companies operate，be sure to shop around for the best rate and lowest exchange fee．

56．The practice of exchanging foreign currencyC．
A．changes with time of the year
B．depends on exchange rates of the day
C．is likely to differ from country to country
D．is exactly the same all over the world
57．Before purchasing foreign currency from a bank，you are advised toD．
A．deposit some money with the bank
B．examine the services of the bank
C．pay the exchange fee in advance
D．compare the exchange rates
58．In which case are you advised to consider using the exchange service in your departure airport？D
A．If you are flying with a foreign airline．
B．If the airport is far from the city center．
C．If the airport you are flying into is not safe．
D．If you are not flying into a major US city．
59．The passage is mainly aboutA．
A．currency exchange
B．exchange fees
C．American airports
D．U．S．currency．

10．Human cloning technology could be used to reserve heart attacks．Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged，and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden．
With cloning，infertilecouples could have children．Current treatments for infertility，in terms of percentages，are not very successful．Couples go through physical and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children．Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children．Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before．
We should be able to clone the bone marrow（骨髓） for children and adults suffering from leukemia（白血病）．This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology．We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer．
Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases．The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind．This new technology promises unprecedented （前所未有的）advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin．

44．What does the underlined word"infertile"（paragraph 2）most probably mean？C
A．with physical and emotional problems
B．short of time and money
C．unable to give birth to children
D．separated from each other for a long time
45．According to the text，one of the first expected benefits from cloning technology is inB．
A．the treatment of mental diseases
B．the reserve of heart diseases
C．the cure of gene-related diseases
D．the bearing of babies
46．According to the writer，the main problem with the development of human cloning technology is thatD．
A．it has brought about benefits so far
B．it may be out of human control
C．people still know little about it
D．people are afraid of such technology．

9．

Children pushed in buggies which face away from their parents may suffer longterm emotional（情感的）and language problems，according to a study published on Friday．
The research，believed to be the first of its kind，found that children who were not facing the person pushing them were less likely to talk，laugh and communicate with their parents．
The findings were based on a study of 2，722parents and babies and an experiment where 20babies were wheeled in buggies for a mile，facing their parents for half the journey and facing away for the other half．Parents using facetoface buggies were twice as likely to talk to their children while the babies'heart rates fell and they were twice as likely to fall asleep，showing that they were feeling relaxed and safe．
In addition，only one baby out of the 20studied laughed while sitting in an awayfacing buggy．
"Our data（数据） suggests that for many babies today，life in a buggy is emotionally impoverished and possibly stressful．Stressed babies grow into anxious adults，"said Dr Suzanne Zeedyk，Developmental Psychologist at Scotland's Dundee University who carried out the research．
The study，which was published by National Literacy Trust as part of its"Talk To Your Baby"campaign，found that 62percent of all children observed travelled in awayfacing buggies．
Zeedyk said it would have a negative effect on babies'development if they spent a long time in awayfacing buggies，which would be bad to their ability to communicate with their parent at a time when their brain was developing rapidly．
Laura Barbour of the Sutton Trust，a social mobility charity which funded the research，said buggy manufacturers（制造商） should look closely at the findings．

63．Using awayfacing buggies mayB．
A．benefit both the babies and their parents
B．affect babies'language ability permanently
C．help babies communicate with their parents
D．have positive effect on babies'development
64．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？C
A．Parents may talk twice with the babies in awayfacing buggies．
B．The study suggests children feel relaxed and safe in buggies．
C．The samples （案例）of the study were 20babies wheeled in buggies．
D．One of the 20babies was twice as likely to fall asleep in buggies．
65．Which of the following would be the best title for the text？A
A．Best for Kids to Face Parents in Buggy
B．Best for Kids to Communicate with Parents
C．Stressed Babies Grow into Anxious Adults
D．Buggy Manufacturers Care about the Finding．

8．On the first day of class，Mr．Whiteson gave us a lecture about a creature（生物） called cattytiger，a kind of cat-like animal that completely disappeared during the Ice Age．He passed round a skull （头骨） as he talked，and we all felt interested and took notes while listening．Later，we had a test about that．
When he returned my paper，I was very，very surprised．There was a very large cross through each of my answers．And so it was with everyone else's in our class．
What had happened？Everyone was wondering and couldn't wait to get the answer．
Very simple，Mr．Whiteson explained．He had made up all that story about the cattytiger．There had never been such an animal．So why none of us noticed that and how could we expect good marks for the incorrect answers？
Needless to say，we got very angry．What kind of teacher was this？
We should have guessed it out，Mr．Whiteson said．After all，at the very moment he was passing around the cattytiger skull （in fact，a cat's），hadn't he been telling us that it completely disappeared during the Ice Age？Clearly he was telling a lie．But we just kept busy making notes and none used his head．We should learn something from this．Teachers and textbooks are not always correct．
51．We failed in the test because we didn'tD．
A．take notes while listening
B．show interest in what Mr．Whiteson said
C．listen to the teacher carefully
D．think carefully
52．We got angry becauseB．
A．Mr．Whiteson didn't tell us the truth about cattytiger
B．we failed in the test
C．we didn't know why he played the joke on us
D．there was no cattytiger
53．We didn't find out it was a lie forA．
A．we simply believed our teacher very much
B．we took notes carelessly
C．we hadn't watched the skull carefully enough
D．Mr．Whiteson spoke too fast
54．Mr．Whiteson meant thatC．
A．teachers couldn't make any mistakes
B．textbooks might be wrong sometimes
C．we should speak up if we thought our teacher or the textbook was wrong
D．we shouldn't believe our teachers because sometimes they might tell lies．

7．What is teaching？It's a difficult question to answer．In fact，as long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning，they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves．Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them．It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading．Douglas insists that"reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible"．
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes．They differ in kind and function．The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read．Teaching is also a public activity．It can be seen and observed．
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language．Almost all of it is private，for learning is an occupation of the mind，and that process is not open to public scrutiny．
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable，what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索） for knowledge？Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions．"Make learning to read easy，which means making reading a meaningful，enjoyable and frequent experience for children"．
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are，and when both teacher fulfil them appropriately，then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated．Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading．

44．According to the passage，learning to read will no longer be a difficult task whenD．
A．reading enriches children's experience
B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D．children become highly motivated
45．The instruction of reading will be successful ifA．
A．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
B．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable
46．The underlined word"scrutiny"most probably means"D"．
A．inquiry　　　　B．suspicion C．control　　D．observation
47．The main idea of the passage is thatD．
A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C．reading is more complicated than generally believed
D．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught．

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