8．How has smoking been controlled in recent years?People were asked to stop smoking in a range of pu——青夏教育精英家教网—

8．How has smoking been controlled in recent years？
People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places over the second half of the 20th century but it was after the King's Cross Underground fire on November 18，1987，caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31deaths，that restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance．
How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place？
In 1998the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence （流行） and passive smoking，including in public places．The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out．After a public conference in England in 2004，the Government decided to choose for lawmaking．Scotland went first，with a ban in 2006，followed by the other nations a year later．
What is the current law？
Any person who smokes in enclosed public places，including pubs，offices，on public transport and work vehicles，is breaking the law．It does not extend to private houses．It is also an offence for people in charge of premises （营业场所） to permit others to smoke in them．
How was it received？
It was welcomed by most organizations-except for some pub owners and restaurateurs．All railway facilities are covered，as are all football grounds and stadiums．School grounds are not required to be smoke-free under the legislation（法规），but the majority now are．
How has it been forced？
Compliance （服从） in public premises has been high，with inspections suggesting that 99per cent of places were sticking to the rules．The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low，which was due to the problems defining and identifying"work"vehicles．They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion．
Has it improved health？
Studies in early adopters of the law suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease，which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking．There is also strong evidence of a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke．

64．When did the first law come out to ban smoking in public places？D
A.1987． B.1998．   C.2004． D.2006．
65．Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law？C
A．Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone．
B．A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car．
C．Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home．
D．Max smokes for relaxation during time-out in the stadium．
66．Who might feel unhappy about the law according to the article？A
A．A restaurant owner．   B．A company manager．
C．A car owner．          D．A policy maker．
67．What can you infer from the article？B
A．Most heart diseases have been proved to be linked to passive smoking．
B．A new law may soon come out with a total ban on smoking in vehicles．
C．The 1987fire has convinced more people that smoking is bad for health．
D．Most of the school grounds are not smoke-free，as it is not banned in the law．

7．Caught Twittering of on Facebook at work？It'll make you a better employee．An Australian study shows that surfing the internet for fun during office hours increases productivity．
The University of Melbourne study showed that people who use the internet for personal reasons at work are about 9percent more productive than those who do not．the study author Brent Coker，from the department of management and marketing，said"workplace Internet leisure browsing（工作时的网络休闲）"，or WILB，helped to sharpen workers'concentration．"People need to zone out for a bit to get back their concentration，"Coker said on the university's website （www．unimelb．edu．au/）．"Short breaks，such as quick surf of the Internet，enable the mind to rest itself，leading to a higher total net concentration for a day's work，and as a result，increase productivity，"he said．
According to the study of 300workers，70percent of people who use the Internet at work engage in WILB．Among the most popular WILB activities are searching for information about products，reading online news，playing online games and watching videos on YouTube．
"Many firms spend millions on software to block their employees from watching videos，using networking sites or shopping online under the pretence that it costs millions in lost productivity，"said Coker．"That's not always the case．"
However，Coker said the study looked at people who browsed in moderation （适度），or were on the Internet for less than 20percent of their total time in the office．"Those who behave with Internet addiction tendencies will have a lower productivity than those without，"he said．

26．What does the passage mainly tell us？D
A．What we should do with our leisure time？
B．How to surf the internet for fun during office hours．
C．Why we should surf the internet for fun during office time．
D．Moderately surfing the Internet for fun during work can improve working efficiency．
27．Why can surfing the internet for fun during office hours increase productivity？
C
A．Workers are tired of work and want to rest．
B．Workers can learn some work skills on the Internet．
C．It makes people relax and regain concentration on work．
D．It contributes to improving the relationship between bosses and workers．
28．All the following statements are true EXCEPTB．
A．The research was made by the University of Melbourne．
B．Most firms allow their employees to use the Internet for fun．
C．Most people in the research surf the Internet for fun during work．
D．Popular WILB activities are watching videos，shopping online and so on．
29．From the passage we can know thatC．
A．The workers engaged in WILB aren't fit for their work．
B．Brent Coker is a successful boss who can accept the research results．
C．Surfing the Internet long hours for fun won't increase productivity．
D．Many firms'preventing employees'WILB contributes to high productivity．
30．Which section of a newspaper do you think the passage is taken from？A
A．Work and life B．Health and diet C．Advertisements D．Science and technology．

6．The price of coffee beans hits a 12-year high today．I thought there might
be some kind of coffee-market story，like we saw with cocoa earlier this summer．
But the main driver of coffee prices right now is simpler：Colombia has had
a few year s of weak coffee harvests because of too much rain，which has reduced
the global supply．And coffee drinkers keep buying coffee，even as prices rise，in
other words，demand is unchanged．
The higher price of beans-up about 40percent since March-means higher prices for the coffee you buy by the pound．But it probably won't affect the coffee you buy by the cup．
Smuckers，which sells Folgers and Millstone coffees，recently said it was raising its prices because of the higher cost of beans．Starbucks，however，said it would absorb the higher cost of beans without raising prices．
"You see it much more in the grocery store because the raw materials are a big factor of cost，"Jose Sette of the International Coffee Organization told me．"In a coffee shop，your big expenses are rent and labor．"
While real-world supply and demand is the big driver of the price of beans，there may be some speculative action in coffee business in the future．
But futures （期货） of the high-grade Arabica beans are traded in the US，where regulations prevent speculators （投机商） from controlling the market，hoping such things won't happen just as in London summer market．That suggests that prices should fall when supply improves-which may happen next year．
Some experts say that farmers in third world countries won't actually benefit from higher prices in this case．When the price difference is due to supply and demand，the profit of the seller usually doesn't go up．

71．Which of the following is the best title for the passage？A
A．Why coffee is getting more expensive？
B．How farmer benefits from the high price？
C．Whether the US will control the coffee market？
D．What has caused the reduction of coffee？
72．From the second paragraph we can infer that．B
A．Colombia is the coffee trading center of the world
B．Colombia coffee output contains a final share of the world
C．People need more and more coffee
D．Coffee sales will be getting less and less
73．In this summer's coffee bean market，B．
A．the US made more rules about coffee prices
B．speculators once held the coffee bean market in London
C．coffee bean trading was seriously disorganized
D．coffee bean prices were very low in the US
74．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？C
A．The price difference determines the profit of the seller．
B．Smuckers is a famous coffee manufacturer．
C．Real-world supply and demand decides the prices．
D．Coffee prices will become much higher next year．
75．What does the underlined word"it"in the fourth paragraph refer to？C
A．Folgers． B．Millstone． C．Smuckers． D．Starbucks．

5．

If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen，beginning in 2011．The company Terrafugia，based in Woburn，Massachusetts，says it plans to deliver its car-plane，the Transition，to customers by the end of 2011．
"It's the next‘wow'vehicle，"said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh．"Anybody can buy a Ferrari，but as we say，Ferraris don't fly．"
The car plane has wings that unfold for flying-a process the company says takes one minute-and fold back up for driving．A runway is still required to take off and land．
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies，although it is both．The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations，and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations．
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly．They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports：You drive the car to the airport and then you're good to go．When you land，you fold up the wings and hit the road．There are no expensive parking fees because you don't have to store it at an airport-you park it in the garage at home．
The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10，000feet．It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1，430pounds，including fuel and passengers．Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal（临界）conditions．
The Transition's price tag：$194，000，But there may be additional charges for options like a radio，transponder or GPS．Another option is a full-plane parachute．
"If you get into a very awful situation，it  is the necessary safety option，"Gersh said．
So far，the company has more than 70orders with deposits．"We're working very closely with them，but there are still some remaining steps，"Brown said．

56．We can learn from the first paragraph thatB．
A．car-planes will be popular in 2011
B．people might drive a car-plane in 2011
C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land
D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts
57．lt takes the car-plane one minute toB．
A．fold and unfold its wings           B．unfold wings for flying
C．land in the airport                 D．meet flying safety regulations
58．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true？C
A．The car-plane needs a runway to take off and land．
B．To meet aircraft regulations，the company has been working with FAA．
C．The car-plane may fly as high as normal planes．
D．People can park the car-plane in the garage at their home．
59．The underlined word"it"in the last but one paragraph refers toD．
A．the radio        B．the transponder      C．the GPS      D．the full-plane parachute
60．What's the best title for the passage？A
A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Corner
B．Which to Choose：A Ferrari or a Car Plane？
C．A more Convenient and Cheaper Way to Fly
D．Cars With Wings Can Fly as Fast as Planes．

4．One night，I was partying in central London，near Piccadilly Circus．Running short of money，I set off to find the nearest ATM to withdraw some cash．At Shaftesbury Avenue，I saw a huge queue for one ATM machine，but no one was using the neighboring"hole in the wall"．Assuming that the second machine was broken，I asked one queuing man if it was out of order．He replied，"It's working，but this one pays out twenties for tenners!"
So the reason for the weirdly long queue is that these folks wanted to"double their money"by getting£20 notes for each£10 note requested．Being an honest man，I didn't hang about； I simply used the idle machine and walked off．
Last week，customers took similar advantage of Commonwealth Bank in Sydney，Australia．Following overnight maintenance，a computer virus caused CommBank's ATMs to fail to function properly and begin paying out extra money，with unrestricted withdrawals．They allowed customers with little or no cash in their accounts to withdraw large sums that they didn't have．After about 5½hours，CommBank managed to restart these ATMs and stop the flood of cash．
You stole your own cash!
By withdrawing money they didn't have in their accounts，some of these greedy customers have gone heavily overdrawn．News reports indicate that some people were withdrawing as much as AU$2，500 （£1，563）in a single dealing．
Alas，both CommBank and the New South Wales police said that they will use ATM records and cameras to track down those who took advantage of the error．As Detective Superintendent Col Dyson of the New South Wales police department warned，"People should realise that they don't have the right to take that money and are committing a criminal offence if they keep it．"
What about overpayments？
What about when you key in a£20 withdrawal and you get two£20 notes，not two£10 notes？
In English law （covering England and Wales），you have the right to keep money paid to you in error"under mistake of fact"，but only if you honestly believe that the money is yours．
However，if you requested£20，got£40 and£40 was allowed to be lent to you，then the cash is yours to keep，as neither you nor the bank has suffered any loss．

56．The words"hole in the wall"refer toB．
A．a real hole in the wall B．another ATM
C．the mouth of a neighbour D．a common machine
57．We learn from the passage that the writerD．
A．saw a huge queue on his way to a party and joined them
B．people queued up to withdraw money because the other ATMs were broken
C．had to use the unoccupied ATM to get some cash because he was in a hurry
D．was critical of what he saw when withdrawing cash from an ATM
58．According to the passage，C．
A．last week，an ATM in Sydney，Australia paid out AU﹩10 for every request for AU﹩20
B．an ATM in Sydney，Australia was paying out more money than asked for because the bank owner had lifted the restriction
C．the machine paid out more money than requested even when a person had no money in his account
D．some people have been arrested on charge of getting extra money in the two happenings
59．From the part subtitled"What about overpayments？"，we can knowA．
A．some English laws don't cover all Britain
B．if the money you asked for was more than requested，you'd always have to return the extra money
C．if people kept the extra money they got at a bank they might pretend they did not know it
D．people committed a crime by getting the extra money even if they had that much in their account．

3．I used to believe in the American dream that meant a job，credit，success．I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us separately chasing the same thing．
One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell apart．I found myself homeless and alone．I had my truck and﹩56．I searched the countryside for some place I could rent for the cheapest possible amount．I came upon a deserted cottage in a small remote valley．I hadn't been alone for 25 years．I was scared，but I hoped the hard work would distract and heal me．I found the owner and rented the place for﹩50 a month．The locals knew nothing about me．But slowly they started teaching me the art of being a neighbor．They dropped off blankets，tools and canned deer meat and began sticking around to chat．They would ask if I wanted to meet cousin Albie or go fishing．They started to teach me a belief in a different American dream，not the one of individual achievement but of neighborliness．Men would stop by with wild berries，ice cream，truck parts to see if I needed some．The women on that mountain worked harder than any I'd ever met．They taught me how to store food in the stream and keep it cold and safe．I learned to keep enough for an extra plate for company．
What I had believed in，all those things I thought were necessary for a civilized life，were non-existent in this place．Up on the mountain，my most valuable possessions were my relationships with my neighbors．
After four years in that valley，I moved back into town．I saw a lot of people were having a really hard time，losing their jobs and homes．With the help of a real estate broker（房地产经纪人） I chatted up at the grocery store，I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people．It's four of us now，but over time I've had nine come in and move on to other places from here．We'd all be in shelters if we hadn't banded together．
The American dream I believe in now is a shared one．It's not so much about what I can get for myself； it's about how we can all get by together．

56．In the past，the American dream the writer believed in wasA．
A．fame   B．big houses   C．relationships with neighbors    D．sharing
57．Before a series of unhappy events happened，the writerB．
A．had a well-paid job                B．worked hard for his American dream
C．worked hard and liked to share     D．felt hopeless about his American dream
58．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3most probably mean the writer learned toB．
A．run a company
B．share with others
C．keep enough plates
D．save money for his company
59．Why did the writer rent a big house？C
A．To make some money．
B．To show off his wealth．
C．To share with those people in need．
D．To make friends with his neighbors．
60．The writer mainly tells us aboutD．
A．his unhappy experiences
B．the friendly people in the valley
C．the change of his living conditions
D．his new idea of the American dream．

2．Two new electronic book products （the SoftBook and the PocketBook） have gathered extensive press coverage，including articles in ABC News，the New York Times，San Jose Mercury News，and WIRED．
An electronic book （e-book） is a book-length publication in digital form，consisting of text，images，or both，and produced on，published through，and readable on computers or other electronic devices．Different from a traditional printed book，e-books are born digital．
Being a firm believer in tablet computers for many tasks not involving heavy data entry，I applaud these new designs of the products．In particular，the SoftBook has nice leather binding （封皮），going far beyond the traditional （and boring） industrial design used for other portable computers．The PocketBook has a more traditional industrial design，typical of leading electronic gadgets （小配件）．
Unfortunately，neither company mentions their product's screen resolution （分辨率）．Low-resolution monitors （including all computer screens until now） have poor readability：people read about 25% slower from computer screens than from printed paper．Scientists believe that only the screen with 300dpi displays has the same reading speed as print．So unless they have much better screens，electronic books will have a problem．
A project called"the last book"is getting much attention，which aims at producing a computer in the form of a folio （对开本）：a set of pages using"digital ink"．Users would move forward in the information by turning pages just as they do in a printed book．Hopefully，the scientists will eventually invent a way to make the"digital ink"display characters at a high enough resolution to gain the same reading speed as print．
Even when e-books gain the same reading speed as print，they will still be a bad idea．Page turning remains a bad interface （界面），even when it can be done more conveniently than by clicking the mouse on a"next page"button．
Another problem is that most e-book publishers do not warn their customers about the real meaning of the digital rights management （DRM） tied to their products．Generally they claim that it is meant to prevent copying of the e-book．However，in many cases it is also possible that it will result in the complete denial of access by the purchaser to the e-book．The e-book is tied to a specific computer or device．In these cases，the DRM will usually let the purchaser move the book a limited number of times after which they cannot use it on any additional devices．If the purchaser upgrades or replaces their devices，they may lose access to their purchase．Some forms of the DRM depend on the existence of online services to authenticate （认证） the purchasers．When the company that provides the service goes out of business or decides to stop providing the service，the purchaser will no longer be able to access the e-book．

67．From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3，we know that the writerB．
A．has bought the two new products before
B．likes the special designs of the new products
C．thinks it more convenient to use traditional computers
D．doesn't like the traditional design of portable computers
68．We can learn from the passage thatD．
A．born digital，e-books can only be read on computers
B．"digital ink"has gained the same reading speed as print
C．now all the computers are using the screens with 300dpi displays
D．e-books may have slower reading speed compared with printed books
69．Due to the digital rights management，C．
A．the e-book should be tied to a specific device
B．people should upgrade their devices regularly
C．readers are likely to lose access to their purchase
D．only purchasers can download the book without limit
70．This passage mainly talks aboutA．
A．the disadvantages of electronic books B．the future of electronic books
C．the designs of electronic books D．two new electronic books．

1．Dear Mr．Whitman，
I am writing to thank you for allowing Maria and me to use your office as a workspace as well as to praise your wonderful organizational skills．Maria and I，as you know，have been in your office many times in the past few clays writing letters to raise money for our community service trip to Pucallpa，Peru，where we will work with poor children．Not only did you allow us to use your office space，but also you helped us greatly by providing us with a list of possible contributors．Without your assistance，I don't think we would have been able to raise enough money for such a trip．
We recognize that accepting our request for office space required flexibility on your part，but because of your excellent organizational skills and assistance we were able to accomplish our objectives without disrupting your daily routine．Every time we needed office supplies，such as pens，highlighters，envelopes，or paper，we were able to find them with ease．Your donations of the materials and postage needed to send over one hundred letters are most appreciated．We could not have done this without you．
You have helped us greatly this past week．Your generosity will not only provide us with the opportunity to make this trip possible，hut will also be a great benefit both to the children in Pucallpa and us．Again，we thank you for your help．
Sincerely，
Amy Fynmore
60．Amy and Maria raised money toC．
A．get a chance to Peru                  B．improve school offices
C．make a service trip to Pucallpa D．apply for a job in the company
61．What did Mr．Whitman do for Amy and Maria？D
A．He donated the money for their trip．
B．He taught them organizational skills．
C．He provided enough living space for them．
D．He offered them some other money sources．
62．The purpose of this letter isB．
A．to request information        B．to express appreciation
C．to offer assistance       D．to ask forgiveness．

20．Dear Volunteers，
The service you will provide to elderly individuals in Abilene as a Meals on Wheels volunteer is deeply appreciated．I want to take this opportunity to thank you for the many miles you will travel and all of the hours you will contribute to help make this one of the best programs in the entire state．
We have our staff members make a home visit before adding each person to the program and try to visit everyone at least once every year．That is hardly enough，and we depend on your contact a great deal!It is important that you report back when you do not get an answer to your knock on the door．The person inside may be hurt or ill．They may be in hospital or out of town and fail to inform us．If they are frequently absent，we may need to determine if they still need meals．
If you find someone with a medical emergency，please call 911 to request medical assistance，and then call the Meals on Wheels office．If you find someone who needs assistance other than for a medical emergency，please call the Meals on Wheels office at 6725050，and we will try to find the appropriate agency or individual to call．
Let us know when a certain person needs extra food．We have a food preparation room of shelf stable items to share with them．Please feel free to take a few magazines when you deliver meals．Many of those we serve cannot afford magazines and enjoy reading．If someone is interested in getting books from the Abilene Public Library，let us know．We can sign them up for the Books on Wheels program．Call if you smell gas strongly when you deliver meals，or if someone needs a space heater，a blanket，or an electric fan．Please convey all needs to us，and we will try to see that they are met．Some of the elderly people who we offer our service may have cancers，liver diseases，AIDS，etc．If you do not want to deliver meals to the people with certain types of health problems，such as these，please let us know．
Sincerely，
Betty L．Bradley，LBSW，
Executive Director
60．Why does the author write this letter？C
A．To express great thanks to volunteers．
B．To explain how the old people get help．
C．To tell volunteers what they are tasked with．
D．To describe the life situation of the old people．
61．What can we learn about the volunteers from the passage？D
A．They order books for needy people．
B．They design programs to help people．
C．They offer medical help to sick people．
D．They deliver food to the elderly people．
62．How does the author learn about the needs of the people served？A
A．The volunteers report back the information to him．
B．His staff members call them to get the information．
C．He visits them now and then to get the information．
D．The family members send the information to his office．

19．From bankers to factory staff，employees in the West face a cold prospectof losing their jobs as a global recession（衰退） starts to bite．For colleagues in the East，the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut．
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times，which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports．The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff，but build up a more loyal and devoted group．
"In the Confucian mindset（儒家思想），the right thing to do is to share the burden，which is the sense of collective（集体的） responsibility．While in the West，it's more about individual survival，"said Michael Benoliel，associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University （SMU）．
In contrast，local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands，but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian groups，job cuts will probably be less severe．
Japan's jobless rate was 4 percent in September，up from 3.8 percent in January，while Hong Kong's was flat at 3.4 percent．But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January．
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West，the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad．
36．The underlined word"prospect"in the first paragraph most probably meansCA．weather      B．scene     C．future      D．place
37．Compared with job cuts，pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT thatB
A．it's helpful to the economy recovery
B．it costs the company less money to survive
C．it will keep the experienced and skilled workers
D．it can form a team working harder and more loyally
38．According to Michael Benoliel，the Confucian mindset focuses onB．
A．human rights
B．sharing responsibility
C．personal profits
D．individual survival
39．In which company can we infer the job cuts will be probably the most severe？A
A．A local American group．
B．A small Japanese company．
C．A German branch of a Korean multinational．
D．A Hong Kong's unit of a French company．
40．The passage mainly tells usD
A．the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today
B．the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present
C．the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn
D．the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global recession．

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