12．Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war?War is an ancient institution.-which has e——青夏教育精英家教网—

12．Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war？War is an ancient institution，-which has existed for at least six thousand years．It was always bad and usually foolish，but in the past human race managed to live with it．Modern inventiveness has changed this．Either man will end war，or war will end man．For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger，but bacteriological（使用细菌的）or chemical weapons may，before Iong，offer an even greater threat．If we succeed in ending nuclear weapons，our work will not be done．It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war．To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way，not as contests of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in kiting people，but by agreement with principles of law．It is not easy to，change very old mental habits，but this is what must be attempted．
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology（观念，思想意识）would prevent war．I believe this to be a big error．All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements that are，at best，doubtful，and at worst，totally false．Their adherents （追随者，支持者） believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them．
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome．It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided．Of course very difficult problems remain in the world，but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago．It has begun to be thought，even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die，that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory．It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries，but between man and the atom bomb．

64．In the sentence"To do this，we need to persuade mankind"（Para l），"this"refers toA．
A．abolish war B．improve weapons
C．solve international problemsD．live a peaceful life
65．From Paragraph 2we loam that the author of the passageD．
A．is an adherent of some modern ideologies
B．does not doubt the truth of any ideologies
C．believe that the adoption of some ideology could prevent war
D．does not think that adoption of any ideology could prevent war
66．The last paragraph suggests thatB．
A．nuclear war will definitely not take place
B．man begins to realize the danger ofnuclear war
C．nuclear war has already been understood by people
D．imitational agreements can be reached more easily now．

11．When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago，there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office．However，it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office   communication．According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf，some offices have actually    seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail．"Information in the form of e-mal messages now floods our computer screens．These messages can be sent so quickly that memos（备忘录） tend to be distributed in the hundreds．For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their in-trays，this means using up a great deal of paper every month，"Metcalf says．
Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace，important documents are     increasingly likely to be asked by clients（客户）and colleagues to send all important documents both     by e-mail and by fax or"snail mail"-through the post．This highlights a further potential problem        with e-mail in today's offices-it is taking up time rather than saving it．"With e-mail，communication is much easier，but there is also more room for misunderstandings，"says psychologist Dr David Lewis．Generally，much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax．
More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e mail for sending"flame-mail"-abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages，Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive  communications like this are on the increase．E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing  workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant．
E-mail can also be a problem in other ways．Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents fan e-mail，like things said over the phone，are private and not permanent．But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails，it is also perfectly legal．E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years，so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your too to your friends．The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office．
It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make Jife easier，and if used correctly，it is an invaluable tool for businesses of all sizes．But perhaps，for the time being，the fact that in the business world 70percent offal documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all．

60．Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices？D
A．People write more memos than they used to．
B．Staff leave messages lying around their offices．
C．Many managers prefer to read their messages on paper．
D．Many secretaries keep paper copies of their bosses'e-mails．
61．What does Richard Metcalf say about e-mail in Paragraph 2？A
A．It is not an appropriate channel for sending important information．
B．It increases the amount of paperwork done in offices．
C．It is not popular with many secretaries．
D．It is a less efficient channel than fax．
62．Why should employees not use company e-mail systems for personal messages？B
A．Because company e-mail systems are not easy to use．
B．Because e-mail is not a private means ofcommunication．
C，Because they allow people to express their anger immediately．
D，Because the people the messages are sent to can't respond immediately．
63．What does the writer conclude about e-mail in the last paragraph？C
A．It has already made life a lot easier for many businesses．
B．It is not being used enough in business today．
C．It is really useful when people use it properly．
D．It will never replace written communication．

10．Store shelves are filling up with so-called"green"products promising to benefit the environment．A recent argument shows that it can be as difficult for buyers to confirm such statement as for producers to defend them．
The argument concerns the GreenPlug Electricity Saver．The GreenPlug is supposed to prevent energy waste by electrical equipment whose constant-speed motors operate at less full load---as is especially true of older refrigerators．Research showed that such motors can be made to do the same work with less heat，noise，and power consumption just by lowering the voltage（电压）of the power supply．
John and Wyck Hay，started Green Technologies to apply that finding to home appliances．In
the USA，there are more than 140million refrigerators in use，accounting for an average of 16% of
the household electric bill．
Two years of research resulted in the GreenPlug．Connecting between wall socket and refrigerator，the equipment contains a minicomputer that gives a motor full power （120volts on average） for start-up，then reduces the power to 106volts．
Older refrigerators are the most overpowered and，thus，save the most energy with a GreenPlug．Refrigerators less than two years old are already energy-saving that a GreenPlug actually makes them waste electricity．
The higher the voltage，the larger the difference a GreenPlug makes．
Higher power costs shorten the payback time．The population-weighted national average is 10cents per kilowatt-hour．But some residents in Washington State pay 1.5cents．Some in Alaska pay 41.6cents．
Then come highly individual household differences like the number of children or refrigerator
-opening age．All in all，the GreenPlug should save the average consumer﹩20a year．
Although the GreenPlug lowered the voltage as it was designed to do，Consumer Reports，an influential magazine，questioned how quickly---if ever---electricity savings due to the plug would repay its cost．People would be better off buying a new，high-efficiency refrigerator，the magazine advised．
Consumer Reports also said that the GreenPlug didn't give a promised 25% savings worth﹩50a year．The savings on the oldest model was the best at 8.6%，worth﹩20a year．
Green Technologies ordered tests of the GreenPlug on up to 2，800refrigerators through next year．The company will not put that data in stores．Instead，potential buyers will call to learn how their model of refrigerator performed．
Meanwhile，there is little evidence of consumer dissatisfaction．Sales topped 45，000units last
month．The return rate is less than 0.2%．

67．The GreenPlug on store shelves are due mostly toA．
A．an increased concern about the environment
B．a demand for money-saving technology
C．the high cost of electrical power
D．the shortage of power supply
68．What do we know about the GreenPlug？C
A．It is especially designed for old refrigerators
B．It works well with all home appliances
C．It can't guarantee lower electric bills
D．It doesn't function with lower voltage
69．In the GreenPlug argument，the magazine Consumer ReportsC．
A．advocates for the GreenPlug
B．suggests Green Technologies never tell the truth
C．doubts the effect of the GreenPlug
D．informs the public of different opinions
70．We can infer from the passage that the authorC．
A．feels optimistic about the future of GreenPlug．
B．believes the GreenPlug has cheated customers．
C．holds an objective attitude to the issue．
D．encourages further investigation．

9．First lady's campaign brings change
WASHINGTON （AP）-Wal-Mart（沃尔玛） is putting special labels（标签）on some products to help shoppers quickly notice healthier ones．Millions of schoolchildren are helping themselves to vegetables from salad bars in their lunchrooms，and kids'meals at Olive Garden and Red Lobster restaurants come with a side of fruit or vegetables and a glass of low-fat milk．
These changes are taking place due to the campaign against childhood fatness，for which the first lady Michelle Obama began fighting three years ago．
Fatness has become a serious problem in the country．About one-third of U．S．children are overweight，which puts them at increased risk for any number of deadly illnesses，including high blood pressure and heart disease．
Still，Mrs．Obama faces challenge．Not everyone welcomes her effort．Some blame her for going too far and say she has no right to tell what people should and shouldn't eat．But nutrition supporters and others praise her for using her influence to help bring interests to the table．They said the first lady has raised public awareness about fatness，which will help decrease childhood fatness rates．
There is evidence of small decrease in childhood fatness rates in some parts of the country．New York reported a 5.5percent drop in fatness rates in kindergarteners through eighth-graders between the 2006-07and 2010-11school years．In Philadelphia，the drop was 4.7percent among students in grades K-12．
Fighting against children fatness is hard work，but it's well worth the effort．The first lady is planning a promotional tour．She has been talking up the campaign against childhood fatness on daytime and late-night TV shows and on the radio．She also plans discussions next week on Google and Twitter．
"We've been spending a lot of time educating and re-educating families and kids on how to eat，what to eat，"the first lady said．"We're starting to see some changes and we're starting to show some improvement．"

56．What is the purpose of the campaign started by the first lady？B
A．To call on healthy eating．
B．To reduce childhood fatness rate．
C．To show the harm caused by fatness．
D．To educate people how to avoid illness．
57．What is the first paragraph mainly about？D
A．The popularity of healthy food．
B．The importance of balanced diet．
C．Children's preference for vegetables．
D．The changes brought out by the campaign．
58．What can we learn from the passage about Mrs．Obama？C
A．She is an expert in healthy eating．
B．She has won support of the whole nation．
C．She shows great concern about childhood fatness．
D．She makes good use of media to increase her influence．

8．

A．value          B．shape            C．designed            D．understanding
E．importantly     F．economists        G．response            H．vast
I．connected       J．major             K．amazingly

Thirteen years after the launch of Taobao，China has risen to become the world's second busiest online marketplace，behind only the United States．This is the kind of statistic that （41）F love，but it doesn't really tell us anything about why so many people like to buy so many things online．
Is it because its easy？Is it because of the （42）H selection？Is it because we want to feel （43）I to others without leaving the house？
Taobao was in fact a （44）G to ebay's entrance into the Chinese market in 2003．Jack Ma （马云） knew that he knew China better than the Americans did，and that Taobao could beat ebay at its own game here．He was right，and Jack Ma has helped to （45）Bthe nature of online commerce in China-what it looks like，how it works，and，most （46）E，who its users are．
Taobao's aesthetic （美学） is distinctive，and has influenced and inspired competitors in China and around the world．The way it works is also different from other （47）Jonline retailers （零售店）．But the real genius of Taobao lies in its （48）D of its users．What it looks like and how it works，after all，were （49）C with the users in mind：a young，increasingly"connected"and increasingly wealthy Chinese generation．
When they designed Taobao，Jack Ma and his team realized that many young people in China strongly （50）A social interaction with their peers，so they made such interaction-everything from messaging to live chats to recommendations and reviews-a core part of the Taobao shopping experience．

7．The United States is faced with serious traffic problems．Too many cars travel on the freeways to and from the city．This heavy traffic causes delays and lots of pollution from cars that are using their engines but not moving anywhere．Many cars going nowhere is called a"traffic jam．"
While many cities in the United States have traffic problems，some of the worst are in Los Angeles，California．Los Angeles is a big city with a large downtown area．One of the reasons why there is so much traffic is that few people use public transportation to get around
Experts say one possible solution to the traffic problem in Los Angeles would be to make
people want to use the public transportation system of buses instead of their own cars．People say the buses should be made easier，faster，less costly and more dependable than driving a car．
One suggestion is to reduce the cost of riding the bus．People who usually drive their cars could save a lot of money on gas and parking costs．Also，Los Angeles could make the buses easier for people to use．The buses could travel to more places in the city．And there could be more special lanes on the freeways that only buses could drive in．These changes would make taking the bus faster and easier than driving a car．
Other experts have said that the best way to ease traffic problems is to charge people money to drive on the freeways．These charges，or tolls，would be for the most crowded roads．The tolls would be in effect during the times of day when most people drive to work and home again．These times in the morning and late afternoon are called"rush hour"．People would try to avoid driving on these roads，which would decrease the amount of traffic．Also，the money collected from these tolls could be used to improve the roads and public transportation system．

36．The passage mainly discussesB．
A．different means of transportation of the United States
B．possible solutions to solving American traffic problems
C．causes of the serious traffic problems in America
D．some new laws about American public transportation
37．Which is NOT the effect caused by the heavy traffic？A
A．Too many private cars．
B．Time wasting．
C．Serious air pollution．
D．Traffic jams．
38．The reason why Los Angeles has some of the worst traffic problems is thatC．
A．there is a lack of public transportation
B．the city is big with a large population
C．most people like to get around by car
D．many people like to travel there for shopping
39．One of the ways the experts suggest is thatC．
A．people should avoid driving to work and home
B．more roads should be built for the increasing private cars
C．people should be charged on the most crowded roads during rush hour
D．more special lanes on the freeways should be marked out for private cars
40．According to the passage，if the solutions were carried out，D
A．more cars would be reduced and more roads would be built
B．it would be easier but slower to take buses than to drive cars
C．many people would prefer to walk around rather than drive cars
D．the roads and public transportation system would be greatly improved．

6．An"apple polisher"is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment．It is not exactly a bribe（贿赂），but is close to it．
All sorts of people are apple polishers，including politicians and people in high offices-just about everybody．Oliver Cromwell，the great English leader，offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party，but failed．
There are other phrases meaning the same thing as"apple-polishing"-"soft-soaping"or"buttering-up"．A gift is just one way to"soft-soap"somebody，or to"butter him up"．Another that is just as effective is flattery，giving someone high praise-telling him how good he looks，or how well he speaks，or how talented and wise he is．
Endless are the ways of flattery．Who does not love to hear it？Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is．In truth，flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it．
We need it to be more sure of ourselves．It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it．But if we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment，as a cat laps up milk，then we can still remain true to ourselves．
Sometimes，however，flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it．A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England．The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers（朝臣）．They overpraised him to the skies，as a man of limitless might．
He decided to teach them a lesson．He took them to the seashore and sat down．Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in．The tide was too busy to listen to him．The king was satisfied．This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery．

41．Which of the following activities has nothing to do with"apple-polishing"？D
A．A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks．
B．An employee tells her boss how good he is at management．
C．A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers．
D．A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom．
42．What does the writer want to prove with Cromwell's example？A
A．Everybody can be an apple-polisher．
B．Cromwell was not a good apple-polisher．
C．George Fox and his party were not apple-polishers．
D．There are people who don't like being apple-polished．
43．Which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the author？D
A．Too much flattery can carry us away．
B．Flattery is too empty to do people any good．
C．Flattery can get you nothing but excessive（过度的） pride．
D．Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people．
44．Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore？B
A．Because he was sick of his normal life．
B．Because he disliked being overpraised any more．
C．Because he wanted them to realize how wise he was．
D．Because he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king．
45．Who does the author think that flattery can do good to？B
A．Those who are politicians or in high offices．
B．Those who lack confidence．
C．Those who are really excellent．
D．Those who think highly of themselves．

5．Expensive perfumes （香水） come in tiny bottles，but many hide a whale-sized secret．
To perfect a particular smell，perfume-makers often use an ingredient that comes from sperm whales，called ambergris．But using ambergris，which helps a perfume last longer，is strongly opposed by many people who think it is wrong to kill whales just so we can smell sweet．Joerg Bohlmann is neither a perfumer nor a whale expert．He's a plant biologist at the University of British Columbia in Canada．But his discovery of a new plant gene （基因） might push whales out of the perfume business．
The gene comes from fir trees，found throughout North America and commonly used as Christmas trees．The trees produce a chemical that can be used in perfume in place of ambergris--but with a catch．
"There's a problem that many people wouldn't consider．In the tree，the chemical is mixed with many others．That makes separation a challenge，"Bohlmann says．"It's like trying to isolate sugar from a biscuit．"
This is where science becomes useful．When Bohlmann learned that fir trees produce the ambergris-like chemical，he decided to use his gene know-how to find the instructions for how to make the ambergris-substitute．
Bohlmann found that gene and took it out of the tree cells．Then he did something that might sound strange to someone who doesn't work in genetics：Bohlmann put the gene from the tree into yeast （酵母） cells．
Yeast may sound familiar because it's used to make things like bread，wine and beer．Biologists like to work with yeast because it easily adopts new genes and changes its features and behaviour．When Bohlmann put the fir tree gene into the yeast，the yeast started making the same chemical that had been produced by the tree．
Perfumers pay big money for ambergris because it is a fixative，which means it holds a smell in place on a person's body．
"Cheap perfumes smell good in the first hour or so and then everything is gone，"explains Bohlmann．"But expensive perfumes are much more stable．Their smell lasts much longer，for hours or even a day after you apply them．"
The new chemical，made from the tree genes，can be used as a fixative，too．And using yeast to make it is far cheaper than acquiring ambergris．
Bohlmann admits he never thought he'd get into the perfume business．But now，he says，producers have been calling to find out how to use his technology in new perfumes．

41．It can be inferred from the passage that if a perfume contains ambergris，D
A．its user probably supports whale hunting
B．its smell will last for about an hour
C．there will be a whale symbol on the bottle
D．it is probably very expensive
42．The underlined expression"with a catch"in Paragraph 3meansB
A．being difficult to hold B．having a hidden problem
C．needing further testing D．being too similar
43．According to the passage，why are yeast cells often used in genetic research？A
A．They can take on the characteristics of other genes．
B．They can reproduce much faster than other cells．
C．They share some of the qualities of plant genes．
D．They're much cheaper to use than ambergris．
44．What can we learn about Joerg Bohlmann from the passage？D
A．He is opposed to whale hunting．
B．He made his discovery during Christmas．
C．He has worked in the perfume industry for many years．
D．He has previously done genetic research．
45．What is the best title for the passage？C
A．The Christmas tree's secret
B．The sweet smell of success
C．Whale-free perfume
D．Save the whale．

4．For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been thechurch and the pub．Traditionally，the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town，where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news．
As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved．Many of them have become historicsites．The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called"The Old Trip to Jerusa-lem"．which dates hack to the year 1189 AD and is probably the oldest pub in England．
   However，British pubs are not just for kings and queens； they welcome people from all classesand parts of society．On a cold night，the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire．There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price．
     That's how things used to be．Things are beginning to change．It is said that the credit crunch（信贷紧缩） is causing 39 British pubs a week to go out of business．People do not have enough spare money to spend on beer．Recently，the UK government banned （禁止） smoking in all pubs，and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs．
     This decline（衰退） is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the UK government started to allow pubs to stay open after 11 p．m．Previously，with 11 p．m．as closing time，customers would have to drink quite quickly，meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly．The British habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as"binge drinking"，and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities．
In order to save their businesses，pubs are trying to change with the market．British pubs now offer something for everyone．A lot of pubs used to be"Working Men's Clubs"，meaning that women could not usually enter．Today，however，women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems．Perhaps things are changing for the better after all．
64．The passage mainly tells us something aboutC
A．the long history of British pubs
B：the decline of British pubs
C．the past and present of British pubs
D．the importance of British pubs
65．Which may not be the cause of the decline of British pubs？B
A．The credit crunch．
B．The present closing time．
C．The ban of smoking．
D．Having no spare money．
66．We can infer from the passage thatD．
A．binge drinking means drinking less beer
B．British people used to like drinking slowly
C．closing the pubs early will reduce social problems
D．British government aims to discourage people from binge drinking
67．We can see from the last paragraph that the authorA
A．holds an optimistic attitude towards the British pubs
B．is against the admission of too many women to the pulbs
C．thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems
D．thinks that British pubs should offer everything you need．

3．In December，a train carrying products from China arrived in Spain's capital，Madrid，which suggested the longest railway across the Asian and European continents was open．The railway is one of the most recent transportation projects that China has financed in Europe．China is paying to improve roads，bridges and railroads to increase trade and improve relationships between East Asia and Europe，China's biggest trading partner．
The train carrying 40containers began in Yiwu in November，traveled 1 3，000kilometers and arrived in Madrid three weeks later．A ship would take about six weeks to make the same trip．The train is to return to China with Spanish wine and food before the beginning of the Chinese New Year in February．
China is investing a lot of money to improve bridges and roads in Europe．It recently paid $167million to build a bridge over Danube River in Serbia（塞尔维亚）．Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attended the opening ceremony．Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vucic said，"The bridge is the first of many investments China will make in the country．It is a sign of friendship between China and Serbia．There will be more such projects with China．"
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi says the money China is spending shows its new approach to relations with other countries．China is building partnerships with other countries，which makes China's presence known around the world．

21．What is China's aim of investing in Europe？D
A．To help poor European countries．
B．To carry more products to sell there．
C．To build more roads，bridges and railways．
D．To improve trade and relations with Europe．
22．What can we infer from Aleksandar Vucic's words？C
A．China will build more bridges in Serbia．
B．China and Serbia will be friends forever．
C．Cooperation between China and Serbia will be stronger．
D．The bridge over Danube River is the most important one．
23．What might be the best title for the passage？D
A．Transportation Projects in Europe
B．Improving Roads Around the World
C．More Chinese Products Appear in Europe
D．Longest Railway Opens New"Silk Road"

试题分类