题目内容

9.First lady's campaign brings change
WASHINGTON (AP)-Wal-Mart(沃尔玛) is putting special labels(标签)on some  products to help shoppers quickly notice healthier ones.Millions of schoolchildren are helping themselves to vegetables from salad bars in their lunchrooms,and kids'meals at Olive Garden and Red Lobster restaurants come with a side of fruit or vegetables and a glass of low-fat milk.
These changes are taking place due to the campaign against childhood fatness,for which the first lady Michelle Obama began fighting three years ago.
Fatness has become a serious problem in the country.About one-third of U.S.children are overweight,which puts them at increased risk for any number of deadly illnesses,including high blood pressure and heart disease.
Still,Mrs.Obama faces challenge.Not everyone welcomes her effort.Some blame her for going too far and say she has no right to tell what people should and shouldn't eat.But nutrition supporters and others praise her for using her influence to help bring interests to the table.They said the first lady has raised public awareness about fatness,which will help decrease childhood fatness rates.
There is evidence of small decrease in childhood fatness rates in some parts of the country.New York reported a 5.5percent drop in fatness rates in kindergarteners through eighth-graders between the 2006-07and 2010-11school years.In Philadelphia,the drop was 4.7percent among students in grades K-12.
Fighting against children fatness is hard work,but it's well worth the effort.The first lady is planning a promotional tour.She has been talking up the campaign against childhood fatness on daytime and late-night TV shows and on the radio.She also plans discussions next week on Google and Twitter.
"We've been spending a lot of time educating and re-educating families and kids on how to eat,what to eat,"the first lady said."We're starting to see some changes and we're starting to show some improvement."

56.What is the purpose of the campaign started by the first lady?B
A.To call on healthy eating.
B.To reduce childhood fatness rate.
C.To show the harm caused by fatness.
D.To educate people how to avoid illness.
57.What is the first paragraph mainly about?D
A.The popularity of healthy food.
B.The importance of balanced diet.
C.Children's preference for vegetables.
D.The changes brought out by the campaign.
58.What can we learn from the passage about Mrs.Obama?C
A.She is an expert in healthy eating.
B.She has won support of the whole nation.
C.She shows great concern about childhood fatness.
D.She makes good use of media to increase her influence.

分析 本文主要讲述美国第一夫人反对童年肥胖,引起了各种评论.

解答 56.B    57.D    58.C
56    B    细节题.从第二段These changes are taking place due to the campaign against childhood fatness,for which the first lady Michelle Obama began fighting three years ago.由此可知,第一夫人领导的运动旨在抵制青少年的肥胖.故选B.
57    D   主旨大意题.总结第一段和第二段可知,超市巨头沃尔玛正在在健康食品上贴上标识,这是一种新变化.而这种改变的原因是第一夫人的抵制青少年肥胖运动.答案为D.
58   C   推理判断题.由第四段Mrs.Obama faces challenge和第六段The first lady is planning a promotional tour.She has been talking up the…可知第一夫人展示了对这个运动的极大的关注.故选C.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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1.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,"In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence".Given that this is the case,why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?
First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to
violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决):stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words,name-calling,and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally,students need to consider what they are hearing.This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't,careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program,according to Educators for Social Responsibility,"64percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92percent of the students felt better about themselves".
Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
32.This article is mainly aboutD.
A.the lives of school children
B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence
D.how to deal with school conflicts
33.From Paragraph 2we can learn thatB.
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
34.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?C
A.To find out who is to blame.
B.To get ready to try new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
35.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta,it was found thatA.
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C.more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved.
2.Music for Humans and Humpback Whales
As researchers conclude in Science,the love of music is not only a universal feature of the human species,but is also deeply fixed in complex structures of the human brain,and is far more ancient than previously suspected.
In the articles that discuss the field of bio-musicology,the study of the biological basis for the creation and appreciation of music,researchers present various evidence to,show that music-making is at once an original human"business",and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom.
The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom,and that a number of nonhuman animals produce what can rightly be called music,rather than random sound.Recent in-depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that,even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise,the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty,and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians,and human ears,everywhere.
For example,male humpback whales,who spend six months of each year doing little else but singing,use rhythms (节奏) similar to those found in human music and musical phrases of similar length-a few seconds.Whales are able to make sounds over a range of at least seven octaves (八度音阶),yet they tend to move on through a song in beautiful musical intervals,rather than moving forwards madly.They mix the sounds like drums and pure tones in a ratio (比例) which agrees with that heard in much western music.They also use a favorite technique of human singers,the so-called A-B-A form,in which a theme is stated,then developed,and then returned to in slightly revised form.
Perhaps most impressive,humpback songs contain tunes that rhyme."This suggests that whales use rhyme in the same way we do:as a technique in poem to help them remember complex material,"the researchers write.
25.The underlined words"converge on"in Paragraph 3probably  meansA.
A.tend towards      
B.refer to    
C.turn into     
D.put forward
26.Which of the following shows the advanced musical ability in humpback whales?B
A.They can remember complex material.
B.They can create pleasing patterns of music.
C.They can make sounds like drums continuously.
D.They can sing along with rhythms of western music.
27.What is the main idea of the article?D
A.Animals are able to compose and enjoy music like humans.
B.Human beings borrow ideas in music from humpback whales.
C.Humpback whales are skillful performers in the animal kingdom.
D.Music-making it an ancient activity of both humans and animals.
28.The main purpose of the passage is toB.
A.argue and discuss        
B.inform and explain
C.compare and advertise    
D.examine and assess.
17.In late October,officials in West Africa began reporting some good news in the battle against Ebola(埃博拉).The number of new cases was dropping.But Anthony Banbury,the UN official responsible for emergency Ebola response efforts,warned that the fight against Ebola was far from over.
A health worker checks the temperature of a man entering Mali from Guinea at the border  checkpoint,Oct.2,2014,saying,"We  need  NGOs  ( non-governmental organizations) and others to come in and run these facilities.We are building the care centers.We are getting the equipment,everything we need to go in them.The patients are there in far too great numbers.What we don't have are the partners to run the facilities and we need them now."
Lausanne's University Hospital in Switzerland began testing the vaccine on Tuesday in healthy volunteers.A doctor who only gave her name as"Tina"agreed to take part in the study.She said that a safe vaccine that worked was needed to prevent the spreading of Ebola.
Experts said there was no danger of getting Ebola from the vaccine.At the same time,they said,"What we measure is anti-bodies to the protein which is produced by the vaccine,and we also do some specific and detailed analysis on the white blood cells in the blood to ask the question whether the cells exposed to vaccine have a different biology than those who have not been exposed to the vaccine."
French researchers are developing an Ebola test that would give results in 15minutes.The current test used to test for Ebola takes 24hours.Faster tests are also being developed in Japan and the United States.
32.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?D
A.Ebola is spreading to many countries
B.We have won the battle against Ebola
C.The vaccine against Ebola has been developed
D.The battle against Ebola is on the way
33.What does the second paragraph suggest?D
A.Ebola is out of control in Mali.
B.Mali is in great need of equipment.
C.Ebola is not very serious in Mali.
D.More health workers are needed in Mali.
34.What is"Tina"in Para 3?C
A.A kind of vaccine against Ebola.
B.A new NGO made up of many countries.
C.A volunteer taking part in the test of the vaccine.
D.An Ebola test developed by researchers.
35.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?B
A.Switzerland is the first country to test the vaccine.
B.Many countries are fighting against Ebola together.
C.We have managed to put the vaccine into use.
D.Japan's Ebola test is developed as fast as that in the US.
4.For thousands of years,the most important two buildings in any British village have been thechurch and the pub.Traditionally,the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town,where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news.
As a result,British pubs are often old and well preserved.Many of them have become historicsites.The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called"The Old Trip to Jerusa-lem".which dates hack to the year 1189 AD and is probably the oldest pub in England.
     However,British pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classesand parts of society.On a cold night,the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire.There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
     That's how things used to be.Things are beginning to change.It is said that the credit crunch(信贷紧缩 ) is causing 39 British pubs a week to go out of business.People do not have enough spare money to spend on beer.Recently,the UK government banned (禁止) smoking in all pubs,and that  may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs.
     This decline(衰退) is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the UK government started to allow pubs to stay open after 11 p.m.Previously,with 11 p.m.as closing time,customers would have to drink quite quickly,meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly.The British habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as"binge drinking",and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities.
In order to save their businesses,pubs are trying to change with the market.British pubs now offer something for everyone.A lot of pubs used to be"Working Men's Clubs",meaning that women could not usually enter.Today,however,women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems.Perhaps things are changing for the better after all.
64.The passage mainly tells us something aboutC
A.the long history of British pubs                   
B:the decline of British pubs
C.the past and present of British pubs                 
D.the importance of British pubs
65.Which may not be the cause of the decline of British pubs?B
A.The credit crunch.
B.The present closing time.
C.The ban of smoking.
D.Having no spare money.
66.We can infer from the passage thatD.
A.binge drinking means drinking less beer
B.British people used to like drinking slowly
C.closing the pubs early will reduce social problems
D.British government aims to discourage people from binge drinking
67.We can see from the last paragraph that the authorA
A.holds an optimistic attitude towards the British pubs
B.is against the admission of too many women to the pulbs
C.thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems
D.thinks that British pubs should offer everything you need.
14."Panopticon"is a place in which everything is in full view of others.
A recent New York Times"House and Home"article featured the story of a man who lives in a glass house.Every wall in his home is transparent;  he has no walls to hide behind,not even in the bathroom.Of course,he lives in a remote area where he doesn't exactly have neighbors looking in and watching his every move.But he has chosen to live without any physical privacy in a home that allows every action to be seen.He has created his own panopticon of sorts.
The term panopticon was coined by Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century when he was describing an idea for how prisons should be designed.The prisoners'cells would be placed in a circle with a guard tower in the middle.All walls facing the center of the circle would be glass.In that way,every prisoner's cell would be in full view of the guards.The prisoners could do nothing unobserved,but the prisoners would not be able to see the guard tower.They would know they were being watched-or rather,they would know that they could be being watched-but because they could not see the observer,they would never know when the guard was actually monitoring their actions.
Similarly,it is common that people behave differently when they know they are being watched.We act differently when we know someone is looking; we act differently when we think someone else might be looking.In these situations,we are less likely to be ourselves; instead,we will act the way we think we should act when we are being observed by others.
In our wired society,many talk of the panopticon as a metaphor (隐喻) for the future.But in many ways,the panopticon is already here.Monitoring cameras are everywhere,and we often don't even know our actions are being recorded.In addition,we leave a record of everything we do online.And most of us have no idea just how much information about us has been recorded and how much data is available to various sources.We can do little to stop the information gathering and exchange and can only hope to be able to control the damage if something goes wrong.

59.According to the passage,a panopticon isD.
A.a prison cell
B.a house that is transparent
C.a tower that provides a broad view
D.a place where everything can be seen by others
60.From Paragraph 3,we learn that panopticonC.
A.is not applicable outside the prison
B.is used everywhere in public places
C.is an effective tool to control prisoners
D.is an effective tool to share information.
61.Why does the author say that panopticon is already here?C
A.Because our privacy is completely transparent.
B.Because we are all prisoners m our own homes.
C.Because our actions are observed and recorded in many cases.
D.Because we are always afraid that someone might be watching us
62.A key difference between prison panopticon and panopticon in our daily life is thatB.
A.prisoners can see their observers,but we can't
B.prisoners know that they may be being watched,but we often don't
C.prisoners are more protected in their panopticon than we are in ours
D.prisoners are less observed about privacy issues than technology users.
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   5)Removable&washable drip tray for easy cleaning;
   6)Carafe(广口瓶)with water level marks;
   7)Single switch for function transform and on/off,easy control with indicator light;
Taizhou Kangte Trading Co.Ltd.
(Province:Zhejiang,China)  

 
Drip Coffee Maker(CM-6626T)
Unit Price:US 12.0-30.0/Piece
Min.Order:1 Piece
Trade Terms:FOB
Price Valid Time:From Apr.20,2014 to May 20,2014
Key Features:
   1)Capacity:1.8L Coffee Maker(12-15 cups);
2)Anti-drip function;
   3)Warming plate keeps coffee hot automatically;
   4)With permanent filter(过滤器);
   5)Removable and washable filter & filter holder;
   6)Water level marks;
   7)Automatically turns off;
Taizhou Kangte Trading Co.Ltd.
(Province:Zhejiang,China)
 
64.Which coffee maker has the longest price valid time?C
A.Professional Manufacturer of Coffee Maker.
B.CG一001 Electric Coffee Grinder,Coffee Maker.
C.Steam Espresso Coffee Maker(CM一68 1 2).
D.Drip Coffee Maker(CM-6626T).
65.The price of a coffee maker with the red dot design award isB
A.US12.0-30.0   
B.US350.0-400.0   
C.US 5.5    
D.US15.0-40.0
66.From the passage,we can learn thatA.
A.the four lifferent coffee makers are available in China
B.Steam Espresso has the stainless steel blade
C.CG一001 Electric Coffee Grinder has OLED screen
D.none of the four coffee makers are easy to control
67.The main purpose of this passage is toC.
A.describe the features of each coffee maker
B.attract people to order more coffee makers
C.help the buyer order suitable coffee makers
D.share the knowledge of some coffee makers.
18.While many probably remember using their childhood imaginations to turn the Moon's dark markings into a picture of a rabbit on the Moon,just recently China put a different sort of rabbit on the Moon:a lunar probe dubbed"Jade Rabbit."Now,they have followed up by releasing pictures of the probe in action.
Last weekend,China's National Space Administration made China the first nation to make a soft landing on the Moon since 37 years ago.The Soviet Union's probe,Luna 2,was the first on September 14,1959,followed by the United States,who eventually caught up with and surpassed the Soviet Union by putting the first human on the Moon,Neil Armstrong,on July 20,1969.
Jade Rabbit was launched on December 1 with the mission of exploring the Moon's surface in an attempt to locate natural resources.It will be deployed on this mission for a period of three months.
The probe reportedly shut down its explorations on December 16 due to high temperatures with plans to leave it inactive until December 23,but it was started up again on December 20 in order to gain more research time.
The country has aspirations of putting a human on the Moon by 2025,an area which has up until now been dominated by the United States,who last landed a man on the Moon in 1972 with astronaut Eugene Cernan.
China's recent attention to the Moon appears to have once again stirred up American interest in space exploration.In the December issue of New Space magazine,Christopher McKay makes an argument that the U.S.should consider setting up a lunar research base,citing among his reasons the fact that it is important to maintain U.S.influence on the Moon.
63.When did the humans make a soft landing on the moon next to China's?A
A.1976.B.1972.C.1969.D.1959.
64.The mission of the lunar probe will endB?
A.after 37 years exploration
B.after three months research.
C.till 2025
D.till 2017.
65.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?B
A.China will put a human on the Moon twelve years later.
B.Two countries have put humans on the moon-The USA and the former USSR.
C.Christopher McKay stated that the USA is interested in returning to the moon.
D.The probe shut down its explorations because it is extremely hot on the moon.
66.What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph?B
A.Launched
B.Named
C.Made
D.Explored.
19.My mother finds more achievable with children as a school dinner lady rather than operating computers but some decades ago my mother was replaced by a computer.Her job was pressing buttons on an electromechanical adding machine to work out electricity bills.
In my generation I am faced with just how far this growth of technology will go in replacing not just jobs but more fundamental aspects of being human.
A Deloitte report published today suggests that 60% of jobs here in the North East are at high risk of being replaced by robots and artificial intelligence.Yet the implications(含义) are complex.Brynjolfsson and McAfee in The Second Machine Age argue that while some jobs will disappear,others will be created and some existing jobs will become more valuable.This situation is extremely important for education,training and financial field.
But are there wider implications for spirituality?Will these intelligent machines become conscious and what might this mean for our self-understanding of what it means to be human?
Here we need to be careful in dealing with the complex relationship of science and science fiction.Humans and Alex Garland's Ex Machina present an almost inevitable appearance of intelligent machines with consciousness.However,the science is still uncertain about this possibility of intelligent machines,even if the fiction raises useful questions.Equally,those who directly rule it out by claiming that human beings will always be unique need to take scientific advances seriously.
As for me,I welcome intelligent machines taking away dull work,but also want to engage in the discussion of how we structure our world so that all can experience what it means to be fully human.And if the intelligent machines eventually appear as self-aware and with a capacity to love,then why should they not be loved by God?

32.Faced with the intelligent machines,the author's mother feelsA.
A.more comfortable as a dinner cook       
B.aimless for the future life
C.satisfied with the current situation      
D.hopeless with intelligent machines
33.According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee,what kind of job will still exist?D
A.Farmer.
B.News presenter.
C.Security guard.
D.Accountant.
34.What does the underlined word"it"refer to in the fifth paragraph?B
A.The science of intelligent machines.
B.Intelligent machines with consciousness.
C.The science fiction involved useful questions.
D.Appearance of human like intelligent machines.
35.What is the structure of the passage?C

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