10．For lots of people in Britain.the 31st of December.or New Year's Eve as we call it.is the biggest——青夏教育精英家教网—

10．For lots of people in Britain，the 31st of December，or New Year's Eve as we call it，is the biggest party of the year．It's a time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the coming year．New Year's Eve parties can take place at a number of different places．Some people hold a house party； others attend street parties，while some just go to their local for a few drinks with their mates．Big cities，like London，have large and wonderful fireworks shows．
There's one thing that all New Year's Eve parties have in common：the countdown（倒计时） to midnight．When the clock strikes（敲）twelve，people give a loud cheer，and give each other a kiss．They then link arms and sing a song called Auld Lang Syne，by a Scottish poet called Robert Burns．Not many people can remember all the words of the song，but the tune（旋律） is well known，so lots of people just hum along．The parties then continue into the early hours of the morning with lots of dancing and drinking．Other people might spend the day visiting relatives or friends they haven't managed to catch up with for a while．Whatever happens，New Year's Day tends to be very relaxed．
In Britain，it's popular to make a promise to yourself about something you are going to do，or want to stop doing，in the New Year．This is called a New Year's resolution．Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and joining a gym to get fit．However，the promise is often broken quite quickly and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days．
New Year's Day is the last bank holiday of the festive season，which means most people have to go to work the next day：bright and fresh and ready for the new year ahead!

21．New Year's Eve parties in BritainD．
A．end at midnight
B．can only be held indoors
C．only take place in big cities
D．include countdown to midnight
22．The underlined word"hum"in Paragraph 2probably meansB．
A．dancing to the music
B．singing with your mouth closed
C．learning to sing
D．keeping silent
23．What does the author think of the New Year's resolution？C
A．It can help people keep fit．
B．It's a promise to your family．
C．It's often hard to keep．
D．It's a joke played on New Year's Day．
24．What is the main idea of the passage？D
A．New Year parties in Britain．
B．New Year countdown in Britain．
C．New Year's resolution in Britain．
D．New Year celebration in Britain．

9．Flying is the safest way to travel…or is it？Some doctors think the aeroplane is a dangerous place，especially for the old and the unhealthy．
Although the aeroplane is the pressurized，there is less oxygen than on the ground．Anyone with heart disease or a lung problem notices the difference much sooner．Even the healthy people find it difficult to concentrate after hours of breathing less oxygen than usual．So anyone who has had a heart attack should not fly for at least two weeks after the attack．
Because of changes of pressure，pregnant women shouldn't take a flight lasting four hours after their thirty-fifth week or a short flight after 36weeks．People with bad colds will probably get earache during take-off and landing．
Even if you feel well when you get on the plane，you will possibly feel ill when you get off．Sitting on the plane for hours-especially in economy class where there isn't very much leg room-gives anyone aches and pains．Most of the air you breathe is recycled so you will possibly catch a cold or flu from one of the other passengers．
Flying also causes dehydration．Everyone needs to drink more in the air，but you shouldn't drink alcohol because it makes you even more thirsty．
The most common problem is jet lag．But there isn't much you can do to prevent it．You should change to your new time zones as soon as possible and you shouldn't sleep if it's still daylight．
Crowded airport，long queues and delays cause stress and high blood pressure．So，be careful!Flying is the safest way to travel，but is it the healthiest？

63．What does the underlined word"dehydration"mean？B
A．胃胀 B．脱水 C．腹痛 D．偏头痛
64．We can conclude from the passage thatC．
A．There is enough space for every passenger on a flight in economy class
B．Pregnant women shouldn't take a flight because it does harm to their babies
C．Passengers with heart disease on a flight feel pressured sooner than healthy people
D．People will feel ill when the aeroplane takes off
65．When sitting on the plane，which of the following symptoms do you possibly have？A
①breathe uneasily ②have earache ③feel stressed ④feel thirsty ⑤cause high blood pressure
A．①②④B．②③⑤C．①②⑤D．②③④
66．The passage is probably taken fromC．
A．a newspaper B．a guide book C．a science magazine D．a story book．

8．When we're talking to someone，writing to our parents，or making a phone call to our friends，our words carry the message．So people communicate with words．
Can we communicate without words？The answer is"Yes"．A smile on your face shows you're happy and friendly．Tears in your eyes tell others that you're sad．When you put up your hand in class，your teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions．You move your head up and down，and people know you're saying"Yes"．If you move your head from side to side，you mean"No"．
Other things can also carry messages．For example，a sign at the bus stop helps us to know which bus to take．A sign on the door tells us where to go in or out．There are a lot of signs around us and we receive messages all the time．
People can communicate in many other ways．An artist can use his drawings to tell about the blue sky，the green grass and many other things．Books are written to tell about all the wonderful things in the world，and also about people and their ideas．
Books，TV，radio and films all help us communicate with others．They all help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about．
With the development of high tech，perhaps our communication ways will change a lot．

70．According to the passage，tears in one's eyes tell you thatA．
A．one is feeling sad
B．one is angry with you
C．one is friendly to others
D．one is satisfied with something
71．From the passage we know that signs can carryA as words do．
A．messages
B．drawings
C．buses
D．books
72．Which of the following statements is wrong？C
A．Communication can be done without words．
B．TV，radio and films can carry messages as well．
C．Only books can tell us what's happening in the world．
D．An artist's drawings can help to know what he thinks about．
73．According to the last paragraph，which way of communication will be talked about next？
B
A．TV and radio．
B．QQ and WeChat．
C．Body language and signs．
D．Books and drawings．
74．The passage is written to tell usD．
A．the skills of communication
B．the importance of communication
C．the difficulties of communication
D．different ways of communication．

7．A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops．Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts （概念）they have been taught．
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes"mindlessly"by taking down word for word what the professors said．
In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper．They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills．Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts．
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand．However，laptop users performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts．Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts．
The researchers'report said，"While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears．"
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture．This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam．
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to revision in the future．

63．More and more students prefer laptops for note-taking because they can．B
A．write less notes
B．write more notes
C．get higher scores
D．understand lectures better
64．The results of the study show that laptop users performed．C
A．better on the exam．
B．worse at remembering facts
C．worse at remembering concepts
D．better for immediate learning
65．The author of the passage aims toC
A．examine the importance of revision
B．encourage the use of laptops
C．explain the benefit of taking notes
D．explain the benefit of taking notes by hand
66．The passage is likely to appear in．A
A．a science magazine
B．a computer textbook
C．a newspaper advertisement
D．a finance report．

6．American society is not nap（午睡）friendly．In fact，says David Dinges，a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine．"There's even a ban against admitting we need sleep．"Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work．A proverb says："Some sleep five hours，nature requires seven，laziness nine and wickedness（邪恶） eleven．"
Wrong!The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them．"We have to totally change our attitude toward napping，"says Dr William Dement of Stanford University，the godfather of sleep research．
Last year a national commission（委员会） led by Dement put forward an"American sleep debt"which one member said was as important as the national debt．The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness：people causing industrial accidents of falling asleep while working．This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House．According to recent reports，our President is trying to take a half-hour nap every afternoon．
About 60percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity．We seem to have"a mid-afternoon quiet state"，or"a secondary sleep gate"．Sleeping 15minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed．Clearly，we were born to nap．
We Superstars of Napping don't nap just to make up for the lost sleep after a night shift（夜班）．Rather，we take it，whenever，wherever and at whatever time we feel like it．I myself have napped in buses，cars，planes and on boats； on floors and beds； and in libraries，offices and museums．

56．It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep isA．
A．unbearable B．unfit C．harmful D．unfriendly
57．The research done by the Dement commission shows thatC．
A．Americans who sleep too much usually get into debts
B．the commission blamed the national debts on people's sleep
C．not enough sleep is no good for Americans and their country
D．napping at work has caused America many industrial and traffic accidents
58．The writer writes this passage in order toD．
A．warn us of the risks of napping
B．show us the dangers of sleeplessness
C．introduce a national commission on sleepiness in America
D．convince the readers of the necessity of napping
59．From the passage，we can learn that"American sleep debt"is the result ofA．
A．the wrong attitude the Americans traditionally hold toward sleep
B．the sleep policy made by the American government
C．the rapid development of American industry
D．the Americans'worry about the dangers of sleepiness
60．The last paragraph tells us that it isD．
A．preferable to have a sound sleep after a night shift
B．good practice not to nap at work
C．essential to make up for lost sleep
D．natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it．

5．American cities are similar to other cities around the world：In every country，cities reflect the values of the culture，American cities are changing，just American society is changing．
After World War II，the population of most large American cities decreased； however，the population in many Sun Belt cities increased．Los Angeles and Houston are cites where population moves to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society．In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents became wealthier．They had more children so they needed more space．They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes．They bought houses in the suburbs．
Now things are changing．The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are now adults．Many unlike their parents want to live in the cities．They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest．Many young professionals are moving into the city．They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there，or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers．
This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits．Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent．In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs； now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities．
Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying．Some city residents now see a bright new future．Others see only problems and conflicts．One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again．

34．Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War II？B
A．Because cities contained the worst parts of society．
B．Because they were richer and needed more space．
C．Because older American cities were dying．
D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city．
35．What does the author think of cities all over the world？A
A．They are similar． B．They are different．
C．They are alive．   D．They are hopeless．
36．The underlined word‘shift'（Para.4）probably means‘C'．
A．explosion      B．growth    C．change    D．reduction
37．According to the 4th paragraph，a great many poor people in American citiesA．
A．are faced with housing problems      B．are forced to move to the suburbs
C．want to sell their buildings          D．need more money for daily expenses
38．We can conclude from the text thatC．
A．American cities are changing for the worse
B．many people are now moving from American cities
C．people have different views on American cities
D．the population is decreasing in older American cities．

4．The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and for the environment．Those findings come from a new report in the journal Nature．
David Tilman is a professor at the University of Minnesota．In the study，he examined information from 100nations to show what people ate and how diet affected health．Mr．Tilman noted a movement beginning in the 1960s．He found that as nations industrialized（工业化），population increased and earnings rose．More people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet．The Western diet is high in sugar，fat，oil and meat．By eating these foods，people began to get fatter and sicker．
"The food，let us say，in the 15richest nations of the world，right now contains about 400or 500extra calories（热量） a day that are eaten beyond what people need，and that leads people to gain weight．"
David Tillman says overweight people are at greater risk for diseases like diabetes，heart disease and some cancers．Diabetes is shooting to very high rates in the United States and across Europe．Heart disease is a major cause of death in the Western nations．Unfortunately when people become industrialized，if they adopt this Western diet，they are going to have these same health problems．
A diet bad for human beings，it seems，is also bad for the environment．As the world's population grows，experts say more forests and areas will become farmland for crops or grasslands for raising cattle．These areas will be needed to meet the increasing demand for food．
Mr．Tilman calls the link between diet，the environment and human health，"a dilemma"，a situation where it is very difficult to decide what to do．He says one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind．

29．Why did people get fatter in the 1960s？A
A．They ate foods high in calories．
B．They adopted a western lifestyle．
C．They set aside little time for exercise．
D．They had a better life and became lazier．
30．According to the text，overweight people may suffer the following diseases EXCEPTB．
A．diabetes B．skin disease C．cancers D．heart disease
31．What can we infer from Paragraph 5？A
A．There will be fewer and fewer forests．
B．People won't care about the environment．
C．The world's population will grow faster than ever．
D．Raising cattle will be the most moneymaking business．
32．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage？B
A．To tell people effective ways to keep healthy．
B．To call on people to give up the Western diet．
C．To show the problems industrialized nations are facing．
D．To draw people's attention to environmental protection．

3．Some US parents are sad that their high school children score badly in math，science and reading compared to kids in other countries．
There has been an endless series of mostly fruitless education reforms to address this gap．Now comes an approach based on the insights （观念）of a group of US exchange students．They spent a year in some of the most successful high schools in the world-in Finland，Poland and South Korea．
Author and journalist Amanda Ripley followed three exchange students for her new book．The Smartest Kids in the World-and How They Got That Way．She argues that to improve academics．US schools should de-emphasize sports．
Instead，students should bring their passion and intensity （专注） to academics she concludes．
"High school in Finland，Korea and Poland had a purpose，just like high school football practice in America，"she writes．"There was a big，important contest at the end，and the score counted．"
Sports are a distraction，Ripley argues，and most countries require them to take place outside of school．
Trading in US school sports culture would be a huge change for people in the US，who respect teamwork and sportsmanship as training for life．But playing down sports could pay off，as it has elsewhere，if we redirect money，focus and glory to learning．
Ripley is critical of memorization in South Korean education，but she praises the system's high goals and the freedom its students have to fail and recover through hard work．
Too often，we don't ask teachers to give our kids harder assignments and we're quick to complain about a failing grade．What's working elsewhere is to set ambitious goals for kids，and then allow them to discover that they have it within themselves to reclaim （重获）success from failure．
Each of the countries in Smartest Kids came to education reform after an economic crisis．Finland was losing jobs after graduating just 10percent of its teens from high school in the 1950s．Today，the graduation rate is 95percent．Poland's wakeup came in 1999，as students consistently tested below average in reading．
We've tried so many"reforms"in education．Maybe what we need is a in truly radical（激进的） shift away from sports in favor of schooling．

55．According to Amanda Ripley，to reform the American education system，people shouldB．
A．ask teachers to give students more homework
B．make sports less important at school
C．let American students experience failure at school
D．encourage parents to help their kids with math，science and reading
56．Which of the following statements about education in South Korea is TRUE according to the article？B
A．The memorization skills of South Korean students are the key to their academic success．
B．High academic scores are considered an important measure of education quality in South Korea．
C．South Korean teachers emphasize teamwork and sportsmanship as much as American teachers do．
D．South Korea started education reforms in the 1950s to improve students'reading skills．
57．The underlined phrase"trading in"probably meansB．
A．giving up （something） for something else
B．exchanging （something） for something else
C．ignoring
D．looking into
58．What is the author's attitude toward education reform in US high schools？D．
A．Indifferent．B．Puzzled．C．Satisfied．D．Supportive．

2．The hit movie Notting Hill （《诺丁山》）begins with a famous scene．Hugh Grant bumps into （撞到）Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her．After the collision （碰撞），Grant repeatedly says："I am so sorry．I am so sorry"．
His behavior in this scene is very British．If Roberts'character were from Britain then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well-even if the collision was not her fault．But this doesn't happen in the film，as Roberts is from the US．
A report in The Telegraph last week said that three-quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street-regardless of whether they are responsible or not．In fact，we Britons use"sorry"in many situations．For example，if we mishear someone，we say"Sorry？"The person we are talking to will also apologize by replying："No，I am sorry!"This can go on for a while as we compete over who is the most sorry．
Life is never as simple as"duibuqi"and"meiguanxi"．
How we use"sorry"has changed．Traditionally，"sorry"was used to express deep regret，but a survey in 2007showed that we use it to mean anything from"What？"to"Whatever!"．
Why are Britons so sorry？Mark Tyrell，a psychology writer in the UK，thinks that our apologetic tendencies （倾向）are rooted in the British class system．We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologize for not being working class，but also for not really being upper class．Another theory is that we apologize to avoid confrontation （对抗）．For example，if you bump into someone they might get angry．To avoid this we say"Sorry!"right away．
True manners are about being considerate （体贴的），and the modern day obsession （执着）with apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were．The word has lost some of its meaning．Do you see my point？Sorry，it might just be a British thing…

55．The author mentions a scene in the hit movie Notting Hill at the beginning toB．
A．introduce different ways of saying sorry
B．give an example of British manners
C．show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK
D．draw our attention to how and when British people say sorry
56．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrell agree with？B
A．Americans care less about manners than British people do．
B．The fact British people apologize so much is linked to the class system．
C．British people care too much about which social class they are from．
D．People shouldn't apologize if they are not responsible．
57．We can conclude from the article that the author thinksA．
A．it's unnecessary for British people to be so polite
B．the obsession with apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere
C．Britons should stick to the traditional use of the word sorry
D．the change of how British people use sorry is because of language development
58．What is the main point of the article？A
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry．
B．Britons'overuse of sorry and why．
C．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners．
D．To show how saying sorry has changed over time．

1．When you think of the cinema，the phrase"watching a movie"probably comes to mind，and，in fact，moviemakers work very hard to make their films interesting visually （视觉上）．But movies also contain stories，dialogues，music，and sound effects-things that people don't need to see in order to enjoy．
Movie reviewer Marty Klein has created a website called Blindspots to help visually impaired （损坏的） people choose movies that they can follow without the help of an assistant to explain what is happening on the screen．Klein gives movies a rating from 1to 10based on several factors．A movie receives a high rating if there are only a few main characters whose voices are easy to recognize．Klein also likes an interesting story without too many changes in time and place．A large amount of dialogue between the characters is better than long silences or noisy action scenes．
Of course，blind or visually impaired people can enjoy many films with help from a friend who doesn't mind explaining the parts of a movie that can only be seen．But that means that someone is talking during the movie，which could annoy some audience members．It also means that blind people cannot go to the movies independently．To solve these problems，some movie theaters have begun to offer recorded audio descriptions of the movements，scenery，and special effects that other audience members can see on the screen．Blind moviegoers receive a wireless headset to wear during the movie．This allows them to listen to the narration while still hearing a movie's music and other sounds that surround them in the theater．
Another blind movie reviewer，Jay Forry，writes movie reviews that are published on his website，Blindside Reviews．He also writes for newspapers and is a guest on radio shows．Forry gives movies one of five ratings，including，"So good，blind people will like it"and"I'm glad I couldn't see it．"Forry became a writer after going blind at the age of 28and deciding to go to college．His first articles appeared in the college newspaper，and Forry's writing skills and sense of humor are what keep people reading his reviews or listening to them on the radio．After"watching"The Sixth Sense，Forry commented that he thought the movie was excellent，but that he envied the boy who was the main character："He had six senses，and I only have four．"

53．What is the main idea of the article？A
A．Marty Klein and Jay Forry write movie reviews for blind people and help them．
B．There are several problems about blind people bringing assistants to the movies．
C．Many blind people do not enjoy going to movies for their impaired vision．
D．Movie reviews and new technology are making it easier for blind people to enjoy movies．
54．Which movie might receive a good rating from Marty Klein？C
A．An action film with many fighting scenes．
B．A drama that often changes between the past and the present．
C．A comedy with four main characters and lots of conversation．
D．A space adventure with many explosions and special effects．
55．Why does the writer include this quotation："He had six senses，and I only have four．"？B
A．To show Forry's sense of humor．
B．To compare Forry to the boy in the movie．
C．To present Forry's envy of the boy in the movie．
D．To recommend the movie The Sixth Sense to readers．

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