3． If you want to see a thing well.reach out and touch it! That may seem a strange thing to say．But ——青夏教育精英家教网—

3．"If you want to see a thing well，reach out and touch it!"
That may seem a strange thing to say．But touching things can help you to see them better．
Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round．But by holding it in your hands，you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is．You can feel how heavy the glass is．When you feel all these about the ball，you really see it．With your skin （皮肤），you can feel better．For example，your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket．You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand，too．You can even feel sounds against your skin．Have you ever wanted to know why some people like very loud music？They must like to feel the sounds of music．
All children soon learn what"Don't touch!"means．They hear it often．Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up．In shops，we touch things we might buy：food，clothes．To see something well，we have to touch it．The bottoms of our feet can feel things，too．You know this when you walk on warm sand，cool grass or a hard floor．All feel different under your feet．
There are ways of learning to see well by feeling．One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin．Feel the shoes on your feet，the clothes on your body，the air on your skin．At first，it is not easy to feel these things．You are too used to them!
Most museums are just for looking．But today some museums have some things to touch．Their signs say，"Do touch!"There you can feel everything on show．
If you want to see better，reach out and touch．Then you will really see!

21．By touching thingsC．
A．you will have a strange feeling
B．you will learn how to reach out your hand
C．you can learn more about them
D．you can tell what colors they really are
22．You can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket withA
A．your fingers．
B．your eyes．
C．your feet．
D．your back．
23．What does the underlined word"it"refer to？D
A．The sound of a drop of water．
B．Do touch．
C．The sound of very loud music．
D．Don't touch．
24．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？B
A．Touching is helping us to see things better．
B．We can't feel the things on show in any museum．
C．Feeling things is a good way for us to learn．
D．Our skins may help us to feel the sounds of music．
25．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？C
A．Touching by Feeling
B．To See or to Feel
C．To See Better-Feel
D．Ways of Feeling．

2．Nobody can avoid making a mistake at some point in their life．We might as well accept that something will go wrong and we will be to blame．It is therefore wise to work out some strategies for apologizing，and the best way to apologize is by letter．
We all say or do something that we wish we hadn't said or done．You may say something that accidentally hurts someone，or you may provide a service which doesn't come up to the standards that a client or customer expected．You may feel that it was a genuine mistake which couldn't be avoided． Rather than dwell on the mistake，you should quickly try to remedy（补救） the problem．An effective letter of apology is an important part of that process．
For the content of the letter，just remember TABS-Timing，Action，Briefness，Sincerity．
The time of a letter of apology is important-it must be sent as soon as possible．Any delay in sending the letter will only worsen the problem．In this case"Better late than never"is not the best motto!The longer you wait before writing a letter of apology，the more it will seem that you have been forced into writing it．
Although it is important to recognize what has gone before，it is also essential to detail the action you plan to take to correct whatever you did wrong．
A letter of apology should be brief and the word"sorry"should appear no more than twice．Indicate that you are aware you are using it a second time"once again，I am so sorry for…"or"as I said earlier，I am really sorry about…"
32．What's the passage mainly about？C
A．Advice on making fewer mistakes
B．Strategies for making an apology．
C．Advice on writing a letter of apology
D．Importance of a timely letter of apology．
33．The underlined part in Paragraph 2means youB．
A．don't have to take the mistake you made seriously
B．don't waste time worrying about what happened
C．forget about what happened
D．analyze who was at fault
34．What can we learn from Paragraph 4？A
A．It's important to apologize timely．
B．A mistake is not always easy to clear．
C．People are always unwilling to apologize．
D．People should think twice before apologizing．
35．What will be discussed following the last paragraph？A
A．The sincere tone of the letter．
B．The proper length of the letter．
C．An apology email，choice of the 21^st century．
D．The importance of saying"sorry"more than twice．

1．Most of the time，people wear hats to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions．Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position．But nowadays，hats，especially women's hats，are much more than that．More exactly，hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars．What's more，people now consider many different features（特点） when choosing even a simple hat．Many designers point out that，when choosing the right hat，it's important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair，your height，and the shape of your face．
First of all，the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair．For instance，black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned．If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair，one will look as attractive as a summer flower．Second，the height of the hat is also an important point．Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns，just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height．Third，and most importantly，the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick．A small，gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face．However，women with big，round faces should choose a different style．
As the saying goes，"Fine feathers make fine birds．"A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features，so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public？
63．What does the underlined word"harsh"in Paragraph 1probably mean？C
A．goodB．strangeC．poorD．different
64．According to the article，which of the following women would look most attractive？B
A．A big-faced woman who wears a small，nice hat．
B．A short red-haired woman who wears a purple hat．
C．A tall woman who wears a hat with a huge upturned brim．
D．A small dark-skinned woman who wears a black hat with a tall crown．
65．What does the last paragraph suggest？B
A．Hats are worn on the head to keep warm．
B．Hats can help you look better in public．
C．Hats are not as important as character．
D．Hats can make you look much taller．
66．What is the best title for the article？C
A．How to Show Your Social Position．
B．How to Improve Your Features．
C．How to Choose a Proper Hat．
D．How to Design a Nice Hat．

20．Most Westerners-particularly most Americans-are not nearly as concerned about protocol （礼节） in social matters as Chinese people are．America is a nation of immigrants．It's made up of people from all over the world，all of whom bring their own traditions and habits with them．Thus you needn't worry much about"proper"behavior（举止）：who sits next to whom at the dinner table，what is the suitable dress for the occasion，etc．，unless you receive a formal invitation to a dinner or party．
Americans are very direct people．When you want something you say"Yes"and when you don't，you say"No"．If you want something different from what is offered，you ask for it．Westerners will not ask you again and again or try to press something on you after you have said you don't want it．In fact，if you say"No"when you really want something to drink or to eat，you may find yourself very thirsty or hungry．
But there are a few Western customs which are very important and you should try at all times to observe．A Westerner doesn't leave his paper or cloth on the table．He puts it on his lap where it's supposed to protect his clothes from spilled food or uses it to wipe his hand or mouth when necessary．
A Westerner doesn't put his own fork，knife or spoon into a serving bowl．He uses it in the bowl to put some of the food on his own plate，and then returns the serving fork（knife or spoon） to the bowl．
A Westerner doesn't spit food anywhere．If he has bones in his mouth，he takes them out with his fingers and places them on the edge of his plate，never on the table or floor．
A Westerner doesn't belch（打嗝） out loud．If he does，he says"Excuse me"quietly and goes on with the conversation．
64．People in AmericaA．
A．come from different countries in the world
B．mainly come from Europe
C．mainly come from Asia
D．come from China
65．If you are hungry，and you still say you don't want to eat，thenD．
A．a Westerner will ask you again and again
B．you will be forced to eat
C．you will feel glad and happy
D．you will surely find yourself hungry still
66．According to the passage，WesternersD．
A．care what they wear very much
B．care who offers the first toast at dinner
C．do the same things as Chinese do
D．don't care what you wear，who sits next to whom．

19．No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance．Uniforms are controlling the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic（民主的） society．Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole．The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth．
There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger，more important concept．What could be more important than the individual himself？If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members，that organization has no right to continue its existence．
Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms，say in school，gets rid of all envy and competition in a matter of dress，such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be looked down upon by a wealthy person who wears expensive clothing．Those persons ignore the concepts as freedom of choice，motivation，and individuality．If all persons were to wear the same clothing，why would anyone struggle to be better？It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car，have the same type of food．When this happens，all motivation to improve one's life is removed．Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life as they had？
Uniforms also hurt the economy（经济）．Right now，billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly．Thousands of people are employed in designing，creating，and marketing different types of clothing．If everyone were forced to wear uniforms，artistic personnel would be unnecessary．Salesmen would be extra as well．Why bother to sell the only items that are available？The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a wave effect on such industries as advertising and sales promotion．Without advertising，newspapers，magazines，and television would not be able to remain in business．Our entire information and entertainment industries would collapse．
68．Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food？B
A．To show that freedom of choice is absolute in modern society．
B．To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory．
C．To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations．
D．To show that the government has too much control over people's lives．
69．The last word of the passage"collapse"probably meansA．
A．fail
B．rise
C．disappear
D．struggle
70．The author's primary purpose in writing this passage was toD．
A．show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society
B．advise the government to change the rules of wearing uniforms
C．advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
D．convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages．

18．As people have accurately observed，smiles are absent from early photographs．In 1852，for instance，a girl sat for her Daguerrotype，her head slightly turned，giving the camera an unsmiling look．She is preserved forever as a very serious girl indeed．Charles Darwin，a loving and playful parent，looks frozen in photographs．Why did our ancestors，from unknown sitters for family portraits（肖像画） to the great and famous，because so sad in front of the camera？
The severity is everywhere in Victorian photographs．However，you don't have to look very long at these unsmiling old photos to see how incomplete the seemingly obvious answer is-that they are freezing their faces in order to keep still for the long exposure times．In Julia Margaret Cameron's Portrait of Tennyson，the poet dreams，his face a shadowed mask of genius．This is not simply a technique．It's an emotional choice．
People in the past did not go around in a continual state of sorrow．In fact，the Victorians had a sense of humor even about the darkest aspects of their society．Laugher was not just common in the past but accepted by society far more than it is today，from medieval canivals（中世纪狂欢节） to Georgian print shops，where people gathered to look at the latest funnies．Far from preventing festivals and fun，the Victorians，who invented photography，also created Christmas as a celebration as it is today．So the severity of people in the 19^th-century photographs cannot be the evidence of generalized sadness．This was not a society in permanent desperation．Instead，the true answer has to do with attitudes to portraiture itself．
People who sat for early photographs understood it as a significant moment．Sitting for the camera was ceaper，quicker and meant that people who never had a chance to be pained could now be photographed； but people seemed to have taken it seriously in the same way they would be a painted portrait．Like a portrait painting，it was intended as a timeless record of a person．
To me those unsmiling people probably had as much fun as we do，if not more．But they felt no need to prove it with pctures．Instead，when whey sat for a photograph，they thought about time，death and memory．Perhaps we should stop smiling sometimes，too．
67．What do we know about the people in Victorian times？D
A．They laid importance on religious events．
B．They were skillful at portrait painting．
C．They valued their family life．
D．They enjoyed themselves．
68．The author mentions Portrait of Tennyson in Paragraph 2toB．
A．prove a theory B．support his opinion
C．introduce a painting D．describe a technique
69．The author thinks early people look frozen in old photos becuseC．
A．they lived in a traditional society
B．they had to stay still for a long time
C．they regarded photography important
D．they held negative views about painting
70．What is the author's attitude towards people not smiling in old photos？D
A．Skeptical．B．Critical．C．Neutral．D．Positive．

17．It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents．They say that their parents don't understand them．They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways，that they are too serious and too strict with their children，and that they seldom give their children a free hand．
It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend（倾向） to forget how they themselves felt when young．
For example，young people like to act on the spot without much thinking．It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation．Old people worry more easily．Most of them plan things in advance，at least in the back of their minds，and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected．
When you want your parents to let you do something，you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it．
Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes，in entertainment and in music．But they do not mean to cause any trouble； it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world，into which they have not yet been accepted．That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own，and if their parents don't like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech，this will make the young people extremely happy．
Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say"yes"to what you do．All you want is to be left alone and do what you like．It is natural enough，after being a child for so many years，when you were ompletely under your parents'control．
If you prefer to control your life，you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you．If your arents see that you have a high sense of responsibility，they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do．
32．According to the text，young people prefer toD．
A．ask for advice before they really start to do anything
B．think in the same way as their parents do
C．be very strict with themselves
D．do things without thinking carefully ahead
33．Why do young people like to have clothes，entertainment and music in their way？A
A．Because they want to try on something new and look different from the older．
B．Because they try to get their parents to be proud of them．
C．Because they want to give their parents a big surprise．
D．Because they want to test whether they are cleverer than old people．
34．According to the text，young people want to make a new culture of their own，becauseC．
A．they feel they are cleverer than old pople
B．they do not want to get into trouble with their parents
C．they don't feel they belong to the world of the old people
D．they want to show the new is better than the old
35．If a young man intends to control his own life，it's better for him toB．
A．do everything according to his own wish
B．hold himself responsible for everything he does
C．do everything beyond his parents'control
D．do everything the way his parents do．

16．The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies．It indicates a positive meaning．Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities．Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other．The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief．A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy．A tolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities．
The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey？
The word tolerance means to bear，or to bear with．If I tolerate something or someone，I basically say that I am ready to bear it or him．I can tolerate a bad smell or a noisy neighbour．The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon，which I find difficult to bear．A bad smell or a noisy neighbour is considered by me to be an objectionable phenomenon．By tolerating either of them，I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbour into positive phenomena．Let's be honest：I don't have a different taste when it comes to bad smells．I simply dislike it and wish that it disappears．I don't respect the noisy neighbour．I would rather have him stop at once the noise he is making so I can live in peace．
To try to remove the bad smell or take reasonable action in order for the noisy neighbour to stop bothering me would most probably not be considered an intolerant act by most people．
Now，let's try to apply the word tolerance in reference to a person who is law-abiding and holds a legally acceptable different view from my own．I may have a strong view，which is opposed to his．Quite frankly，I may decide to tolerate his view．By so doing，I would be attributing to it a negative characteristic．I would apply the same attitude to his view as to the bad smell or noisy neighbour．Thus，to try to take action in order to make his view disappear would be considered an intolerant act．To tolerate his view the way I would a bad smell or a noisy neighbour，could hardly be considered virtuous．
The subject tolerating is by nature not equal to the object being tolerated．If I tolerate you，I essentially say that I am above you and am prepared，although unwillingly，to bear with your presence or with your practices or opinions．That may be true in the case of an individual who is ready to tolerate the other．However，this attitude by such an individual，though empirically true，is hardly a virtue．Certainly，the fact that an individual，in reality，may merely tolerate the other or his opinion does not justify a government or any official authority promoting tolerance as a virtue．One cannot tolerate an equal being．True equality involves respect，not toleration．To respect the other as a distinctive person is hardly to tolerate him．This is the true meaning of equality：diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting．
The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptance of individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems．We have seen such cases with regard to political parties or destructive religious groups that have been treated in a liberal manner under the guise of tolerance．
A tolerant attitude involves the grant of a favour，not a right．The question we should ask ourselves is whether we would ever wish a parliament to make laws according to us，as individuals and as part of a collective entity or a permission to pursue certain actions interpreted as a favour rather than a right？Indeed，would we ever wish anyone to listen to our views and accept us the way we are simply because he is kind enough to tolerate us？
65．The first two paragraphs are mainly intended to show thatC．
A．tolerance is a symbol of liberal democracies
B．democratic society always advocates tolerance
C．people's understanding of tolerance is one-sided
D．tolerance can be applied to many situations
66．The underlined part"desist from"in Paragraph 3can be replaced by"C'．
A．deny B．dislike C．stop D．keep
67．The example of a bad smell and a noisy neighbour is raised to indicate thatD．
A．the writer are fed up with them
B．most people find them hard to tolerate
C．the writer isn't prejudiced against them
D．tolerating them isn't a virtuous act
68．The main idea of Paragraph 6is thatC．
A．tolerance has nothing to do with respect
B．most people promote tolerance as a virtue
C．people should show respect for each other
D．tolerance shows an unequal relationship
69．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with？A
A．Too much tolerance will endanger the foundations of democratic systems．
B．By tolerating people can transform something negative into the opposite．
C．People tolerating others are likely to consider them as their equals．
D．Being tolerant should be regarded as a right instead of a favour
70．The best title for this passage should be"C"．
A．Tolerance and respect
B．What is to be tolerated？
C．Is Tolerance a Virtue？
D．Should people be tolerant？

15．Learning to read and write is a complex process，which can be disrupted in various ways，leading to disorders known as dyslexia and dysgraphia（读写障碍）．Two new studies，published in a recent special issue of Elsevier's Cortex provide evidence of this variety，suggesting that effective treatment needs to take it into account．
A group of researchers from the Universities of Bari and Rome in Italy studied the reading and writing abilities of 33Italian dyslexic children，comparing their performance with that of children with normal reading ability．Italian is an"orthographically transparent"language，meaning that letters tend to correspond to the same sounds，whereas many letters in the English alphabet change their sound from word to word （like the"c"in car and city）．However，the new study showed that even in Italian，in which it is relatively straightforward to convert sounds into letters，children still have difficulty in spelling．Younger children with dyslexia generally performed worse than proficient readers； however，the older ones showed a more selective impairment when spelling words，suggesting that knowledge of vocabulary may be more important in spelling than previously thought．
The other study，from Tel Aviv University，Israel，provided the first systematic description of a type of reading disorder called"attentional dyslexia"in which children identify letters correctly，but the letters jump between words on the page，e．g．，"kind wing"is read as"wind king"．Teachers and neuron-psychologists often notice that children substitute letters when reading，but in this type of dyslexia the substitutions are not caused by inability to identify letters or convert them into sounds； they result from migrations of letters between words．The findings showed that letters would mostly migrate to the same position in another word，so the first letter of one word would switch places with the first letter of another word．Awareness to the existence of this type of dyslexia is important，because it suggests a straightforward way to assist these children in reading--by presenting a?single word at a time，e．g．，with the help of a word-sized window cut in a piece of cardboard．
58．We know from the first new study thatB．
A．Italian is easier to learn in comparison with English
B．knowledge of vocabulary has a close link with spelling
C．in Italian each letter has only one correspondent sound
D．children with normal reading ability have no trouble in converting letters into sounds
59．As is inferred from the passage，C．
A．many people cannot distinguish learning to read and learning to write
B．converting letters into sounds is more difficult than the other way round
C．younger children usually have a poorer knowledge of vocabulary
D．in the past not enough attention is paid to knowledge of vocabulary
60．In"attentional dyslexia"，childrenD．
A．do not pay enough attention to the meaning of each word
B．are not capable of telling letters apart
C．can not change letters into sounds accordingly
D．tend to transfer the first letter from one word to another．

14．Hybrid cars （混合动力车） are cars that run on petrol and electricity．They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery （电池） electric motor to provide electric power．
There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars，but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol，and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required，for example，when going uphill or accelerating．In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed，for example when the car has stopped at traffic light，keeping only the electric engine running．
Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating．Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，improved by electric motors when needed，so they use less petrol．Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of"regenerative （再生的） braking"．The electric motor is used to slow down the car，rather than conventional brakes．The energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power，which is automatically stored in the battery．In effect，the battery recharges when you brake．In conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted．
In 1928Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car．The first mass-produced hybrid car，the Toyota Prius，came out in Japan at the end of 1997．However，hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999．As they use less fuel，hybrid cars are cheaper to run．There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them．In some countries，hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax，and don't have to pay on certain roads．In some cities，hybrid cars are allowed to park for free．

32．Hybrid cars consume less energy than conventional cars because hybrid carsC．
A．have large engines to deal with accelerating
B．have conventional brakes to slow down the car
C．have electric power to assist when needed
D．have no energy consumption when stopping
33．In regenerative braking，A．
A．energy wasted in conventional cars is stored in the battery
B．the conventional brakes are used to slow down the car
C．the battery charges itself when the car is accelerating
D．the petrol engine is usually turned off automatically
34．From the last paragraph we can learn that Hybrid carsB．
A．were first available in the USA           B．will gain more popularity
C．free their owners from tax                D．are free to park anywhere in the city
35．The main purpose of this text is toC．
A．show haw hybrid cars slow down
B．encourage people to buy hybrid cars
C．inform people a kind of energy-saving cars
D．explain why hybrid cars use less energy．

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