题目内容
15.Learning to read and write is a complex process,which can be disrupted in various ways,leading to disorders known as dyslexia and dysgraphia(读写障碍).Two new studies,published in a recent special issue of Elsevier's Cortex provide evidence of this variety,suggesting that effective treatment needs to take it into account.A group of researchers from the Universities of Bari and Rome in Italy studied the reading and writing abilities of 33Italian dyslexic children,comparing their performance with that of children with normal reading ability.Italian is an"orthographically transparent"language,meaning that letters tend to correspond to the same sounds,whereas many letters in the English alphabet change their sound from word to word (like the"c"in car and city).However,the new study showed that even in Italian,in which it is relatively straightforward to convert sounds into letters,children still have difficulty in spelling.Younger children with dyslexia generally performed worse than proficient readers; however,the older ones showed a more selective impairment when spelling words,suggesting that knowledge of vocabulary may be more important in spelling than previously thought.
The other study,from Tel Aviv University,Israel,provided the first systematic description of a type of reading disorder called"attentional dyslexia"in which children identify letters correctly,but the letters jump between words on the page,e.g.,"kind wing"is read as"wind king".Teachers and neuron-psychologists often notice that children substitute letters when reading,but in this type of dyslexia the substitutions are not caused by inability to identify letters or convert them into sounds; they result from migrations of letters between words.The findings showed that letters would mostly migrate to the same position in another word,so the first letter of one word would switch places with the first letter of another word.Awareness to the existence of this type of dyslexia is important,because it suggests a straightforward way to assist these children in reading--by presenting a?single word at a time,e.g.,with the help of a word-sized window cut in a piece of cardboard.
58.We know from the first new study thatB.
A.Italian is easier to learn in comparison with English
B.knowledge of vocabulary has a close link with spelling
C.in Italian each letter has only one correspondent sound
D.children with normal reading ability have no trouble in converting letters into sounds
59.As is inferred from the passage,C.
A.many people cannot distinguish learning to read and learning to write
B.converting letters into sounds is more difficult than the other way round
C.younger children usually have a poorer knowledge of vocabulary
D.in the past not enough attention is paid to knowledge of vocabulary
60.In"attentional dyslexia",childrenD.
A.do not pay enough attention to the meaning of each word
B.are not capable of telling letters apart
C.can not change letters into sounds accordingly
D.tend to transfer the first letter from one word to another.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了阅读障碍和书写障碍症的研究,并提出了治疗这两种疾病的有效方法.
解答 58.B.细节理解题.根据第二段:however,the older ones showed a more selective impairment when spelling words,suggesting that knowledge of vocabulary may be more important in spelling than previously thought可知词汇与拼写有着密切的联系;故选B.
59.C.推理判断题.根据第二段:children still have difficulty in spelling.Younger children with dyslexia generally performed worse than proficient readers可知年轻的孩子通常有一个贫穷的词汇知识;故选C.
60.D.细节理解题.根据最后一段:The findings showed that letters would mostly migrate to the same position in another word,so the first letter of one word would switch places with the first letter of another word可知注意阅读障碍的孩子阅读信件会从一个词跳到另一个词;故选D.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
A. | was dated back to | B. | has been dating from | ||
C. | dates back to | D. | had dated from |
A. | what,what | B. | what,where | C. | which,what | D. | that,where |