12．Some of the most popular programmes on British television，all with their regular millions of loyal viewers，are‘soaps'such as Coronation Street，Eastenders and Emmerdale．（A‘soap'is an informal word for a‘soap opera'，which is a television story，in daily or weekly episodes （连续剧集），about the daily lives of the characters in it．）
In every soap there is comedy and tragedy，and storylines of all kinds．In every soap there is the inevitable gossip，and there is the essential character who brings misfortune on himself-or herself，the spiteful woman who hates the success of her sister in marrying a man with money and whose childish behavior splits the family．
To some degree，of course，the regular episodes provide many people with an adult kind of comic，rather like Dickens'serialized novels did．At times，the actions and characters in them seem quite realistic； at other times，they go to the other extreme and show actions that look as if they are straight from the pen of the best fiction writers．But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of‘soap'is no more and no less than a shot of fiction，and that the characters are not real．
Certainly life is never dull in a soap．If one of the adolescents buys a motorbike and a young child lives round the corner，you can bet the two will meet in an accident．If two people fall in love and get married，you can be sure that a friend will cast an insult on the character of one of them，enough to break up the marriage．After all，this is not life； this is a soap!Reality makes way for fiction．The viewers who think that they are watching even a reflection of reality only bring disappointment to themselves．But there are still viewers who follow the comings and goings of the characters on screen with unreasoning faith，believing that the events are real when characters are injured or ill，or even die，and send cards or flowers with best wishes，congratulations or sympathies．
What many of us find difficult to understand is just why soaps have become so popular？
 
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．）
78．Coronation Street，Eastenders and Emmerdale are popular British soaps whichhave millions of regular loyal viewers．
79．What are the two necessary elements of a soap opera？The inevitable gossip and the essential character
80．The regular viewers need to be reminded that the soap operas areonly （a shot of） fiction and not real．
81．What do some TV viewers do when they are mad about the soaps？They follow the characters on screen unreasoningly/with faith．．
11．A．For a lot of children，computers and video games are just an escape from reality，taking them away from real life for a while，replacing a stressful or boring environment with sights and sounds kids could only imagine before．They have the ability of entertaining people's minds while drawing in the whole attention away from real life．So the result will be like this：whenever a child can't handle problems in real life，he might just turn to computer games．
B．Reading Tom Sawyer or Harry Porter is as personal an act as playing an online game or even more personal than playing an online or two-player game．I've rarely seen two people happily reading ONE book together．But when kids play online games they need to work together and it encourages the development of social skills．
C．Many results can occur from playing video games，from feeling abandoned and becoming addicted to getting better in touch with what other students are doing．The question here is whether or not video games affect a child's development，not if it is good or bad．Anything that you interact with is going to have an effect on your development．
D．People blame the computer and videos，because it is an easy target to hit．If you really want to look at people being lonely，look at the school system，where teachers could easily fix the problem by doing more group work with him/her choosing the students for the group．I mean，I could play outside by myself and still be lonely．There isn't a difference．
E．I do believe our children's development is affected by computers and video games play if too much time is spent because that's time that a child used to be playing outside with other children．I think that some computer work is good because it trains the brain in new patterns，but time on the computer need to be limited and playing outside should be encouraged．
F．I am 6feet 2inches，185lbs，all muscle．I'm one of the most popular students and I've had a constant 30+hours of video games since I was in third grade．I played baseball all my life until high school，and still managed up to 40+hours of video games．I am around the 80th position in my grade and have received many honors．So ifs not necessary that computer games affect a kid's development in a bad way．It simply depends on how much exactly one plays，and how one manages their time．

下面是五位人士针对"孩子玩电脑或电子游戏是否会影响他们的个性发展"的观点，请从 A-F中选出相应的陈述与之匹配．
46．Parents need to watch the time their kids spend on computers or video games．E
47．The effect of playing computer or video games on a child is different but it is there．C
48．Computer or video games do affect children's social development because they are not playing in reality．A
49．If you have heard of online gaming，then you know video games can affect social development in a good way．B
50．I'm living proof that computer or video games won't do harm to kids．F．
10．[1]Every few weeks，Lu Jinhua's family met for dinner at a restaurant close to her home in Beijing．But the happy mealtime almost always ended with an unhappy scene：her children would insist that Lu leave the table before she embarrassed them by asking to take the leftover food home in takeaway bags．
[2]But on Sunday，the 63-year-old lady was，delighted to discover that the restaurant had made a number of changes．A poster on the Samfdearly stated，"Save food，don't waste it"． Instead of persuading customers to order expensive dishes，the waitress suggested a small order that could be added later if people were still hungry．At the end of the dinner，Lu's daughter even volunteered to ___________．
[3]"This is the happiest dinner I had in that restaurant so far，and I am so glad to see these changes．"Lu said．
[4]A campaign against food wastage is sweeping China，a country where 128 million people live below the poverty line．Every year，food valued at 200 billion yuan （ $32 billion） is thrown away in China．The volume is equivalent to the amount consumed by more than 200 million people during a 12-month period．
[5]A proposal opposing waste in January is part of a drive by China's new leaders．Many provinces have launched their own more-detailed versions．Henan province has ordered that business meals should have no more than four dishes，and alcohol is prohibited．Guizllou has set a time limit of 45 minutes on meals paid for by the public purse．
[6]The public has also adopted the idea．Many restaurants discourage customers from ordering more than they can eat．Taking leftovers home is encouraged．Some of them have started to use smaller platcs and the prices are cheaper．A proposal on the Internet calling on people to eat everything on their plate attracted the participation of 2.74 million people within the first two weeks．
76．How-docs the author start the topic of the passage？（ no more than 5 words）
By telling a real story
77．did Lu Jinhua's children refuse to take the leftover food home？（ no more than 8 words）They prefer to leave the leftover food．
78．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words，（no more than 5 words）take the leftover food home/ask for takeaway"doggy"bags
79．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about？（no more than 10 words）The government has taken measures to oppose food wastage．
80．What's the public's attitude to the government's proposal？（ no more than 8 words）They support/back up the government's proposal．/They are in favour of saving food．．
9．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
The festival season is on us again and like every year，we work hard in terms of cleaning，cooking，shopping，and so on for the season．With it，it also brings a lack of sleep．This could be because you are feeling overworked and stressed out．
We should always sleep for at least 6-8 hours but a recent survey has shown that more women than men do not get enough sleep and at times some women are functioning on less than five hours of sleep a day．
Often，some choose sleeping tablets to aid their sleep．If you are going through an extreme period of stress or pain，your doctor may subscribe to you some sleeping tablets．However，they should be taken with care，as the body takes just two weeks to adjust to them and they are not as effective．Then there is a problem that they are dependent on sleeping tablets．So you can try the healthier alternatives listed below to deal with the sleeping problem．
Use the bedroom to sleep-not as an extension of your office or entertainment center．Keep the TV switched off．
Relax before going to bed．Drinking some milk and listening to music will be beneficial．
Have a hot shower and keep the room cool．Often a temperature change can cause sleep．
Don't do anything which may raise anxiety levels just before bed．It takes your mind a long time to get calm after anxiety．
Try to get to bed at the same time every day for a week，and wake up at the same time every day for a week．Once you get used to the routine，sleep will become a natural experience．
So these are alternative ways of helping you to relax before bed．Try some or a combination of the above tips to experiment on what suits you most．
Title：How to deal with（71）the sleeping problem/lack of sleep  
Introduction☆The festive season brings（72）hard workin terms of housework and a lack of sleep
Facts☆People should have 6-8（73）sleeping hoursevery day．
☆More women（74）have/get less （insufficient） sleep/sleep less （insufficiently）than men in a survey．
An/A（75）unhealthy/ineffective way   ☆taking sleeping tablets：
The body adjusts to them quickly and people will（76）depend on/be dependent onthem．
 
 
Healthy ways		☆using the bedroom and（77）switching off/turning offthe TV
☆relaxing yourself：It's（78）beneficial/of benefitto drink some milk or listen to music．
☆having a hot shower
☆stopping doing anything raising your（79）anxiety （levels）   
☆having a regular sleeping schedule
  （80）Conclusion   ☆Try the above tips to find out the most suitable way for you．
8．Children and adolescents who watch a lot of television are more likely to have antisocial and criminal behavior when they become adults，according to a new University of Otago，New Zealand，study published online in the journal Pediatrics．The study followed a group of around 1，000children born in the New Zealand city of Dunedin in 1972-1973．Every two years between the ages of 5and 15，they were asked how much television they watched．Those who watched more television were more likely to have a criminal conviction and were also more likely to have antisocial personality traits in adulthood．
The study found that the risk of having a criminal behavior by early adulthood increased by about 30% with every hour that children spent watching TV on an average weeknight．
The study also found that watching more television in childhood was associated，in adulthood，with aggressive personality，an increased tendency to experience negative emotions，and an increased risk of antisocial personality disorder； a psychiatric disorder characterised by persistent patterns of aggressive and antisocial behavior．
The researchers found that the relationship between TV viewing and antisocial behavior was not explained by socio-economic status，aggressive or antisocial behavior in early childhood，or parenting factors．
A study co-author，Lindsay Robertson，says it is not that children who were already antisocial watched more television．"Rather，children who watched a lot of television were likely to go on to manifest antisocial behavior and personality traits．"
Other studies have suggested a link between television viewing and antisocial behavior，though very few have been able to demonstrate a cause-and-effect sequence．This is the first‘real-life'study that has asked about TV viewing throughout the whole childhood period，and has looked at a range of antisocial outcomes in adulthood．As an observational study，it cannot prove that watching too much television caused the antisocial outcomes，but the findings are consistent with most of the research and provides further evidence that excessive television can have long-term consequences for behavior．
Antisocial behavior is a major problem for society．While we're not saying that television causes all antisocial behavior，our findings do suggest that reducing TV viewing could go some way towards reducing rates of antisocial behavior in society，"says Associate Professor Hancox．
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children should watch no more than 1to 2hours of quality television programming each day．The researchers say their findings support the idea that parents should try to limit their children's television use．

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）
81．The aim of the study is to revealthe relationship between television viewing and antisocial behavior．
82．The researchers choseabout 1，000 children born in Dunedin in 1972-1973． as their research subjects（研究对象）．
83．What's the shortcoming of most of the studies on this topic？They fail to demonstrate a cause-and-effects equence
84．What do you suppose many parents will do after reading this passage？Limit their children's television use（to 1 to 2 hours）．．
7．Relations between the United States and Spain were not very good in 1898．On February 15，a battleship called the USS Maine blew up and sank in the harbor at Havana，Cuba．More than 260Americans were killed．Many Americans thought that Spanish saboteurs （破坏者） had set an underwater mine that caused the explosion．
Witnesses and survivors had different versions of what happened．Some said that they heard two explosions．It was discovered that the magazine-which is a storage place for arms，ammunition（军火），and explosives-had exploded．Questions were raised about what caused the first explosion．Did the first explosion come from outside the ship，causing the magazine to explode？Or，did something on the ship blow up the magazine？
Other witnesses said that there was only one explosion．If they are right，then what on the ship caused the magazine to explode？A theory supporting the two-explosion version was that rebels from Cuba had caused the explosion．The rebels were aware of the bad feelings between the United States and Spain．They would have been willing to cause trouble between the nations to bring an end to Spanish rule in Cuba．
The United States government issued an ultimatum（最后通牒） to the Spanish government to end its occupation of Cuba．When Spanish officials refused，Congress and President William McKinley declared war on Spain．The war did not last long，because the United Sates forced an early surrender．
More than 100years after the explosion of Maine，the cause of the explosion is still unknown．Many questions remain．If an attack from outside the ship caused the magazine to explode，why didn't witnesses see a splash in the water？Why were there no dead fish in the water if there was an external explosion？
With the mystery still unsolved，the question of what really happened to the USS Maine may never be answered．

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．）
81．On February 15，1898，more than 260Americans lost their lives because ofthe explosion and sinking of the USS Maine．
82．According to the passage，the"magazine"was used tostore arms，ammunition，and explosives．
83．According to the two-explosion version，what's the probable purpose of the Cuban rebels to cause the explosion？To cause trouble and end the Spanish rule/occupation．
84．What's the main topic of the passage？The Mystery of the USS Maine．/The（possible）causes of the USS Maine's Explosion．
6．The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living．People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor．Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem．
As the general standard of living in the country rises，the poverty line does，too．Therefore，even with today's relatively high standard of living，about 10percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line．However，if these people had stable jobs，they could have an acceptable standard of living．Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs．
For one thing，more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work．Over 40percent of the poor people are children．By law，children less than 16years old cannot work in many industries．And over 10percent of the poor people are old．Many companies do not hire people over 65years old，the normal retirement age．
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons：they are sick，they do not have any motivation （动力），they have family problems，or they do not believe that they can find a job．
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one．Many poor adults never went to high school．Therefore，when they look for jobs，they have few skills that they can offer．
At the present time，the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways．
First，if the national economy grows，businesses and industries hire more workers．Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment．Then they will no longer be below the poverty line．
Second，if society invests in the poor，the poor will become more productive．If the government spends money on social programs，education，and training for poor people，the poor will have the skills to offer．Then it is more likely that they can find jobs．
Finally，if the government distributes society's income differently，it raises some poor people above the poverty line．The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor．These payments to the poor are called welfare．In 2010over 18million people in the United States received welfare．
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem．However，at the present time，many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living．

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）
81．What does the poverty line in a country change with？The general standard of living．
82．Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment becausethey are too young or too old（towork）．
83．In order for the poor to have the skills to offer，the government must invest insocial programs，education，and training for poor people．
84．How do those below the poverty line enjoy the existing welfare from the government？
5．Tea，the second most popular drink throughout the world and the national drink of China，is now receiving ever-growing threats from canned beverage，bottled water and instant powdered coffee or other sorts of soft drinks．Due to high-pressure competition and heavy load of work，people nowadays tend to favor drinks which are more easily processed and readily available．However，from my perspective，I believe that tea will maintain its popularity over other modern drinks．
Admittedly，beverages like cocktail or lemonade invitingly satisfy our taste buds with their exotic flavors； carbonated drinks like Cola or Sprite instantly cool us down especially when served with ice； coffee drinks like mocha or latte smoothly keep us refreshed and help us unwind．However，the tempting and lasting flavors of those drinks may be produced with many additives and preservatives．
Tea，with more choices of different tastes or kinds，offers us joy and relaxation and of course is richer in culture and healthier．Black tea or oolong tea，jasmine tea or chrysanthemum tea，whichever can find one who enjoys it and appreciates the culture involved．
It's wonderful to have a cup of my favorite tea served in exquisite tea cups on a sunny afternoon while reading through novels or just day dreaming．The warm flow of tea mixed with the fragrance （香味） of herbs and flowers often quickly relieves the pressure and calms me down．
The concept of tea drinking is strongly rooted in us Chinese as an integral part of daily routine，especially for the elder generations．Every time we step into a Chinese restaurant，a teapot is a must on the table and we will be graciously received with the greetings like："Which kind of tea would you prefer？"
Tea is a healthy choice．It has unique medical and nutritional values，either relieving people's physical pain and mental stress or assisting clinical treatment of certain types of diseases or even cancer．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）

81．Why do people prefer to drink other sorts of soft drinks rather than Chinese tea？Because high-pressure competition/heavy load of work makes people like easily processed drinks．/readily available drinks．
82．A lot of drinks such as Coffee，Cola，Sprite often attract us fortheir tempting and lasting flavors and keep us refreshed．/help us unwind．
83．The author has his own way to relieve his pressure，drinking the warm flow of tea mixed with the fragrance．．
84．What effective function does tea possess？It possesses unique medical and nutritional values．．
4．Directions：Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．
The internal greenhouse effect of a daffodil（水仙花）shui10
Early pollinators （授粉昆虫） struggle with cold weather，so it's no wonder that late-winter flowers such as daffodil tend to have extended blooming times and long-lasting flowers，some of which remain open for more than two weeks．When the sun is out，they can offer a warm microenvironment for bees．
Although they usually start showing off in the Washington area by late February，blooming times for daffodil are highly variable，depending on variety，weather and planting location．Moisture，tree cover and mineral availability all affect flowering time，but soil temperature tends to have the greatest influence on early-blooming flowers．The microclimate of a south-facing slope will display blooms well before flowers appear in the shadow of a building that gets only a half-day of sun．
Once open，the flower can create a microclimate within itself．When sunlight hits a daffodilflower，its tube-shaped corolla acts as a tiny greenhouse，raising temperatures inside a flower as much as 15degrees higher than the surrounding air．
That's good news for small bees，which in late winter have trouble getting warm enough to fly．
Bumblebees and honeybees prepare to fly on cold days by exercising their flight muscles to generate heat．But mining bees，which nest in the ground，are less able to do that and are more dependent on surrounding temperatures to warm them up for takeoff．
Spanish ecologist Carlos M．Herrera studied the relationship between mining bees and native daffodil flowers．The bees he studied could fly only if their internal body temperatures approached 72degrees，yet they were able to forage（觅食） in 54-degree weather．Basking（取暖） in sunlight on the outside of a warm daffodil bloom was enough to get a bee airborne．Heat from flight muscles could then help keep bees in the air，but they still relied on blossom-basking to supplement their heat needs．Although a bee inside a flower has access to warmth and food，a bee basking atop a flower can more effectively raise its temperature by absorbing heat both from direct sunlight and from the flower below．
On those cooler days，bees spent most of their foraging time basking，but"flights between flowers were sometimes interrupted by sudden falls to the ground，"Herrera wrote in his 1995paper．"Fallen bees crawled into some nearby flower and basked before resuming normal foraging．"

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in No MORE THAN 12WORDS．）
81．According to the passage，what can help early pollinators to survive cold weather？Late-winter flowers'extended blooming times．/Late-winter flowers'remaining open for long．
82．Flowers on a south-facing slope usually open earlier because ofhigh/soil/temperature．
83．What does the"good news for small bees"in paragraph 4refer to？The flower can create amicro climate within itselfonce open．/The temperatures inside flowers can be much higher than the surrounding air．
84．A bee can raise its temperature better at the top of a flower because both（direct）sun light and the flower below are　its sources of warmth．
3．Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practising their language skills and learning more about new cultures．Traditional pen pals were the primary source for such contacts，and students could write each other letters．With the Internet，finding friends has become much easier，and such relationships are called key pals．However，care and consideration should be given when finding friends on the Internet：
Search the Internet for reputable（有信誉的）services．Look for reviews of such sites to learn more about other students'experiences．Don't join a service until you have done your research．
Check to see if you can use a nickname，instead of______，to protect your identity．
Never give personal information to anyone，including your home address，phone number，and birthday．
．Stop contact with others if you feel uncomfortable with the topics of conversation．Again，if you protect your identity，this will be easier to do．Tell your teachers，parents，or even local law enforcement （执法组）if problems arise．
．Try to use the language you are studying in the classroom in your communication with others．
．Ask appropriate（适当的）questions that will also help you learn about other cultures．Remember that someone's personal experience might help you to understand a whole culture．You have to talk to many different people，and this will get you started．

56．Why do many students want to find friends on the Internet？（no more than 15words）
Because they want to practise their language skills and learn more about otherc ultures．
57．What are the relationships between friends on the Internet called？（no more than 5words）Key pals．
58．What are the missing words in the blank？（no more than 5words）A/Your real name．
59．How many pieces of advice does the writer give about finding friends on the Internet？（no more than 4words）Six．
60．What's the proper title for this passage？（no more than 10words）Finding friends on theI nternet．．
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