题目内容
4.Directions:Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The internal greenhouse effect of a daffodil(水仙花)shui10
Early pollinators (授粉昆虫) struggle with cold weather,so it's no wonder that late-winter flowers such as daffodil tend to have extended blooming times and long-lasting flowers,some of which remain open for more than two weeks.When the sun is out,they can offer a warm microenvironment for bees.
Although they usually start showing off in the Washington area by late February,blooming times for daffodil are highly variable,depending on variety,weather and planting location.Moisture,tree cover and mineral availability all affect flowering time,but soil temperature tends to have the greatest influence on early-blooming flowers.The microclimate of a south-facing slope will display blooms well before flowers appear in the shadow of a building that gets only a half-day of sun.
Once open,the flower can create a microclimate within itself.When sunlight hits a daffodilflower,its tube-shaped corolla acts as a tiny greenhouse,raising temperatures inside a flower as much as 15degrees higher than the surrounding air.
That's good news for small bees,which in late winter have trouble getting warm enough to fly.
Bumblebees and honeybees prepare to fly on cold days by exercising their flight muscles to generate heat.But mining bees,which nest in the ground,are less able to do that and are more dependent on surrounding temperatures to warm them up for takeoff.
Spanish ecologist Carlos M.Herrera studied the relationship between mining bees and native daffodil flowers.The bees he studied could fly only if their internal body temperatures approached 72degrees,yet they were able to forage(觅食) in 54-degree weather.Basking(取暖) in sunlight on the outside of a warm daffodil bloom was enough to get a bee airborne.Heat from flight muscles could then help keep bees in the air,but they still relied on blossom-basking to supplement their heat needs.Although a bee inside a flower has access to warmth and food,a bee basking atop a flower can more effectively raise its temperature by absorbing heat both from direct sunlight and from the flower below.
On those cooler days,bees spent most of their foraging time basking,but"flights between flowers were sometimes interrupted by sudden falls to the ground,"Herrera wrote in his 1995paper."Fallen bees crawled into some nearby flower and basked before resuming normal foraging."
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in No MORE THAN 12WORDS.)
81.According to the passage,what can help early pollinators to survive cold weather?Late-winter flowers'extended blooming times./Late-winter flowers'remaining open for long.
82.Flowers on a south-facing slope usually open earlier because ofhigh/soil/temperature.
83.What does the"good news for small bees"in paragraph 4refer to?The flower can create amicro climate within itselfonce open./The temperatures inside flowers can be much higher than the surrounding air.
84.A bee can raise its temperature better at the top of a flower because both(direct)sun light and the flower below are its sources of warmth.
分析 介绍了类似水仙花等在冬季是如何过冬的,并分析了一些原因.
解答 81.Late-winter flowers'extended blooming times./Late-winter flowers'remaining open for long.细节理解题."it's no wonder that late-winter flowers such as daffodil tend to have extended blooming times and long-lasting flowers"第一段这句话提到了类似水仙花等通过延长花期来过冬.
82.high/soil/temperature 细节理解题."soil temperature tends to have the greatest influence"得出温度是影响花开的最大因素.
83.The flower can create a microclimate within itself once open./The temperatures inside flowers can be much higher than the surrounding air.第四段开头"the flower can create a microclimate within itself"为主旨句,对于小蜜蜂来说是好消息.
84.(direct) sunlight and the flower below 细节概括题.最后一段描述可以概括出蜜蜂可以增加温度主要通过阳光以及花下面的温度.
点评 阅读表达主要考察学生对信息处理分析的能力,在答题时要细心并注意字数的限制.
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9.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
The festival season is on us again and like every year,we work hard in terms of cleaning,cooking,shopping,and so on for the season.With it,it also brings a lack of sleep.This could be because you are feeling overworked and stressed out.
We should always sleep for at least 6-8 hours but a recent survey has shown that more women than men do not get enough sleep and at times some women are functioning on less than five hours of sleep a day.
Often,some choose sleeping tablets to aid their sleep.If you are going through an extreme period of stress or pain,your doctor may subscribe to you some sleeping tablets.However,they should be taken with care,as the body takes just two weeks to adjust to them and they are not as effective.Then there is a problem that they are dependent on sleeping tablets.So you can try the healthier alternatives listed below to deal with the sleeping problem.
Use the bedroom to sleep-not as an extension of your office or entertainment center.Keep the TV switched off.
Relax before going to bed.Drinking some milk and listening to music will be beneficial.
Have a hot shower and keep the room cool.Often a temperature change can cause sleep.
Don't do anything which may raise anxiety levels just before bed.It takes your mind a long time to get calm after anxiety.
Try to get to bed at the same time every day for a week,and wake up at the same time every day for a week.Once you get used to the routine,sleep will become a natural experience.
So these are alternative ways of helping you to relax before bed.Try some or a combination of the above tips to experiment on what suits you most.
Title:How to deal with(71)the sleeping problem/lack of sleep
The festival season is on us again and like every year,we work hard in terms of cleaning,cooking,shopping,and so on for the season.With it,it also brings a lack of sleep.This could be because you are feeling overworked and stressed out.
We should always sleep for at least 6-8 hours but a recent survey has shown that more women than men do not get enough sleep and at times some women are functioning on less than five hours of sleep a day.
Often,some choose sleeping tablets to aid their sleep.If you are going through an extreme period of stress or pain,your doctor may subscribe to you some sleeping tablets.However,they should be taken with care,as the body takes just two weeks to adjust to them and they are not as effective.Then there is a problem that they are dependent on sleeping tablets.So you can try the healthier alternatives listed below to deal with the sleeping problem.
Use the bedroom to sleep-not as an extension of your office or entertainment center.Keep the TV switched off.
Relax before going to bed.Drinking some milk and listening to music will be beneficial.
Have a hot shower and keep the room cool.Often a temperature change can cause sleep.
Don't do anything which may raise anxiety levels just before bed.It takes your mind a long time to get calm after anxiety.
Try to get to bed at the same time every day for a week,and wake up at the same time every day for a week.Once you get used to the routine,sleep will become a natural experience.
So these are alternative ways of helping you to relax before bed.Try some or a combination of the above tips to experiment on what suits you most.
Title:How to deal with(71)the sleeping problem/lack of sleep
Introduction | ☆The festive season brings(72)hard workin terms of housework and a lack of sleep |
Facts | ☆People should have 6-8(73)sleeping hoursevery day. ☆More women(74)have/get less (insufficient) sleep/sleep less (insufficiently)than men in a survey. |
An/A(75)unhealthy/ineffective way | ☆taking sleeping tablets: The body adjusts to them quickly and people will(76)depend on/be dependent onthem. |
Healthy ways | ☆using the bedroom and(77)switching off/turning offthe TV ☆relaxing yourself:It's(78)beneficial/of benefitto drink some milk or listen to music. ☆having a hot shower ☆stopping doing anything raising your(79)anxiety (levels) ☆having a regular sleeping schedule |
(80)Conclusion | ☆Try the above tips to find out the most suitable way for you. |
16.One Saturday,I got a phone call about electrical problems.Since I am not an electrician,I quickly(36)Dthat the woman on the line had the wrong number.The woman on the phone sounded extremely(37)Aas her electricity wasn't working.Her husband tried to replace a wall(38)B,but now some of their lights wouldn't turn on,and the heat had (39)C.
The woman thought she was(40)Ban electrician who had done work for her in the past.I had just recently changed my(41)Dand she got me instead.I'm not an electrician but I do work with(42)B.
I (43)Dher that she had the wrong number,and I didn't know what her old electrician changed his number to.She(44)A,and we said goodbye.After I hung up the phone I thought (45)A I could help her so I dialed back and found out she was just one town over.
When I got to her house,I told her I would help her,but I would not (46)Dany money.This confused her and she asked(47)CI would bother if I wasn't getting paid.I told her it was an act of(48)Band to"pay it forward."Dorothy and Jacob,who were both retired,seemed(49)Dand said they never met anyone like me.
Her husband had installed the (50)Aswitch which was causing a short.After I was done,they thanked me and tried to give me some(51)C.I told them I wouldn't accept anything,and that the best(52)Dwould be to find someone else to help out.I(53)Asaid if you can't find someone else to repay then just be extra nice to each other.They were both incredibly happy that I (54)Cto solve their electrical problems quickly,but I think I was even(55)Bat the opportunity to help them.
The woman thought she was(40)Ban electrician who had done work for her in the past.I had just recently changed my(41)Dand she got me instead.I'm not an electrician but I do work with(42)B.
I (43)Dher that she had the wrong number,and I didn't know what her old electrician changed his number to.She(44)A,and we said goodbye.After I hung up the phone I thought (45)A I could help her so I dialed back and found out she was just one town over.
When I got to her house,I told her I would help her,but I would not (46)Dany money.This confused her and she asked(47)CI would bother if I wasn't getting paid.I told her it was an act of(48)Band to"pay it forward."Dorothy and Jacob,who were both retired,seemed(49)Dand said they never met anyone like me.
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36.A.noticed | B.imagined | C.believed | D.realized |
37.A.anxious | B.excited | C.frustrated | D.curious |
38.A.glass | B.switch | C.light | D.picture |
39.A.shown off | B.paid off | C.shut off | D.taken off |
40.A.introducing | B.calling | C.expecting | D.searching |
41.A.mind | B.address | C.cellphone | D.number |
42.A.organization | B.electricity | C.decoration | D.engineering |
43.A.encouraged | B.warned | C.taught | D.informed |
44.A.apologized | B.complained | C.shouted | D.nodded |
45.A.maybe | B.anyway | C.otherwise | D.indeed |
46.A.provide | B.receive | C.reward | D.accept |
47.A.when | B.whether | C.why | D.how |
48.A.honesty | B.kindness | C.courage | D.friendship |
49.A.embarrassed | B.excited | C.interested | D.surprised |
50.A.wrong | B.necessary | C.proper | D.inexpensive |
51.A.candy | B.praise | C.money | D.gift |
52.A.decision | B.solution | C.reaction | D.payment |
53.A.also | B.ever | C.just | D.even |
54.A.decided | B.succeeded | C.managed | D.promised |
55.A.better | B.happier | C.easier | D.stronger |