14．Two Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer．
Dr．Ron Laura，professor of health education at Newcastle University，and senior chemist Mr．John Ashton said their research points to a complete （51）B of the accepted scientific theory．They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer，the artificial indoor light could be （52）C and that a range of drugs in common use could also （53）A melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin．
The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles．It is based on a new （54）D that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins （Vitamin D） and immune process．
The sunscreens，artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin's （55）A to the sun．But Dr．Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped（56）D the production of cancer protection Vitamin D．
He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more（57）A melanomas than those who worked outdoors．Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of （58）C to direct sunlight every day，（59）B in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower，Dr．Laura said．
Sunscreens，long （60）C as essential for beach lovers，could also （61）C the production of Vitamin D．Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a （62）A sense of security in thinking they are （63）B from the sun's rays．
Dr．Laura said more statistics（64）C their claim had come to light since the first article was published．He believes his research findings are too important to be （65）A to the scientific world．
Dr．Ron Laura，professor of health education at Newcastle University，and senior chemist Mr．John Ashton said their research points to a complete （51）B of the accepted scientific theory．They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer，the artificial indoor light could be （52）C and that a range of drugs in common use could also （53）A melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin．
The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles．It is based on a new （54）D that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins （Vitamin D） and immune process．
The sunscreens，artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin's （55）A to the sun．But Dr．Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped（56）D the production of cancer protection Vitamin D．
He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more（57）A melanomas than those who worked outdoors．Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of （58）C to direct sunlight every day，（59）B in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower，Dr．Laura said．
Sunscreens，long （60）C as essential for beach lovers，could also （61）C the production of Vitamin D．Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a （62）A sense of security in thinking they are （63）B from the sun's rays．
Dr．Laura said more statistics（64）C their claim had come to light since the first article was published．He believes his research findings are too important to be （65）A to the scientific world．
| 51．A．contribution | B．reversal | C．combination | D．recognition |
| 52．A．beneficial | B．comfortable | C．harmful | D．favorable |
| 53．A．promote | B．reduce | C．remove | D．eliminate |
| 54．A．assumption | B．law | C．concept | D．theory |
| 55．A．sensitivity | B．resistance | C．adaptation | D．response |
| 56．A．monitor | B．measure | C．slow | D．stimulate |
| 57．A．subject to | B．unrelated to | C．free of | D．dependent on |
| 58．A．exercise | B．reveal | C．exposure | D．experience |
| 59．A．occasionally | B．preferably | C．enjoyably | D．extremely |
| 60．A．received | B．popular | C．accepted | D．identified |
| 61．A．balance | B．adjust | C．prevent | D．enhance |
| 62．A．false | B．strong | C．true | D．sharp |
| 63．A．separated | B．protected | C．guarded | D．prohibited |
| 64．A．presenting | B．doubting | C．backing | D．providing |
| 65．A．limited | B．emphasized | C．acknowledged | D．explained |
13．Always Changing
Jack is leaving，and I'm feeling kind of sad．
You probably don't know Jack，but you might be lucky enough to（41）Asomeone just like him．He's been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of years combining（42）Aprofessional skills with a sweet and gentle nature．
And now he's moving on to an exciting new professional（43）C．It sounds like it could be the chance of a lifetime，and we're（44）Bfor him．But that doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye to him．
Life has a way of throwing these curve（曲线） balls（45）Bus．Just when we start to get comfortable with a person，a place or a situation，something comes along to（46）Dthe recipe．
Our ability to cope with change（47）Dto a great degree，our peace，happiness and contentment in life．
But how do we do that？A friend of mine is fond of reminding us that"survivability depends upon（48）C．"And then there's Chris the California surf-rat，who once told me that the answer to life's problems can be（49）Ain four words："Go with the flow．"
I'm not exactly sure，but I think Chris was saying that life is a series of（50）A-both good and bad．No matter how excellent your skill，there will always be life-influencing factors over which you have no（51）C．The truly successful person expects the unexpected，and is prepared to（52）Badjustments if the need should arise-as it almost（53）Ddoes．
That doesn't mean you don't keep trying to make all your（54）Acome true．It just means that when things come up that aren't（55）Din your plan，you work around them-and then you move on．
"Change，indeed，is painful，（56）Bever needful，"said philosopher Thomas Carlyle．"And if memory has its force and worth，so also has（57）C．"
We're going to miss Jack．But rather than stay on the（58）Bof our parting，we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future-for him，and for us．And then we'll go out and（59）Aeverything we can to make that future happen．
（60）Cour plans change-again．
Jack is leaving，and I'm feeling kind of sad．
You probably don't know Jack，but you might be lucky enough to（41）Asomeone just like him．He's been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of years combining（42）Aprofessional skills with a sweet and gentle nature．
And now he's moving on to an exciting new professional（43）C．It sounds like it could be the chance of a lifetime，and we're（44）Bfor him．But that doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye to him．
Life has a way of throwing these curve（曲线） balls（45）Bus．Just when we start to get comfortable with a person，a place or a situation，something comes along to（46）Dthe recipe．
Our ability to cope with change（47）Dto a great degree，our peace，happiness and contentment in life．
But how do we do that？A friend of mine is fond of reminding us that"survivability depends upon（48）C．"And then there's Chris the California surf-rat，who once told me that the answer to life's problems can be（49）Ain four words："Go with the flow．"
I'm not exactly sure，but I think Chris was saying that life is a series of（50）A-both good and bad．No matter how excellent your skill，there will always be life-influencing factors over which you have no（51）C．The truly successful person expects the unexpected，and is prepared to（52）Badjustments if the need should arise-as it almost（53）Ddoes．
That doesn't mean you don't keep trying to make all your（54）Acome true．It just means that when things come up that aren't（55）Din your plan，you work around them-and then you move on．
"Change，indeed，is painful，（56）Bever needful，"said philosopher Thomas Carlyle．"And if memory has its force and worth，so also has（57）C．"
We're going to miss Jack．But rather than stay on the（58）Bof our parting，we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future-for him，and for us．And then we'll go out and（59）Aeverything we can to make that future happen．
（60）Cour plans change-again．
| 41．A．know | B．greet | C．imagine | D．recognize |
| 42．A．good | B．extra | C．correct | D．precise |
| 43．A．agreement | B．destination | C．opportunity | D．experience |
| 44．A．pity | B．pleased | C．anxious | D．curious |
| 45．A．in | B．at | C．on | D．with |
| 46．A．try | B．use | C．provide | D．change |
| 47．A．protect | B．produce | C．preserve | D．determine |
| 48．A．habit | B．belief | C．adaptability | D．communication |
| 49．A．summed up | B．put up | C．made up | D．held up |
| 50．A．events | B．records | C．accidents | D．problems |
| 51．A．power | B．trouble | C．control | D．difference |
| 52．A．get | B．make | C．take | D．have |
| 53．A．never | B．already | C．seldom | D．always |
| 54．A．dreams | B．promises | C．decisions | D．solutions |
| 55．A．eventually | B．immediately | C．surprisingly | D．exactly |
| 56．A．and | B．yet | C．also | D．even |
| 57．A．future | B．parting | C．hope | D．attempt |
| 58．A．complaint | B．sadness | C．attention | D．sympathy |
| 59．A．do | B．face | C．seize | D．demand |
| 60．A．If | B．After | C．Until | D．Before |
12．Following one million middle-aged women in Britain for 10 years，a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded．
The results come from the so-called Million Women Study，which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001，and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions．The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy，in control，relaxed and stressed，and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure，diabetes，depression or anxiety．
When the answers were analyzed statistically，unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death．It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500，000 women who reported that they were in good health，with no history of heart disease，cancer，or stroke．A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy，he said，but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy．
"This finding refutes（驳斥）the large effects of unhappiness and stress on deathrate that others have claimed，"Dr．Peto said．Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned．
This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments，is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group．But the huge number of people in this study gives it power．Still，some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced（细微的）and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness．
"I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness，"said Baruch Fischhoff，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University．
The results of earlier studies have been mixed，with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link，Dr．Fischhoff said．"It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，"he said．However，an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods．
Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．"People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，"he said．
The results come from the so-called Million Women Study，which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001，and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions．The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy，in control，relaxed and stressed，and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure，diabetes，depression or anxiety．
When the answers were analyzed statistically，unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death．It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500，000 women who reported that they were in good health，with no history of heart disease，cancer，or stroke．A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy，he said，but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy．
"This finding refutes（驳斥）the large effects of unhappiness and stress on deathrate that others have claimed，"Dr．Peto said．Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned．
This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments，is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group．But the huge number of people in this study gives it power．Still，some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced（细微的）and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness．
"I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness，"said Baruch Fischhoff，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University．
The results of earlier studies have been mixed，with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link，Dr．Fischhoff said．"It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，"he said．However，an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods．
Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．"People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，"he said．
| Topic | Happiness Doesn't （71）NecessarilyBring Good Health |
| （72）Subjects/Participantsof the research | One million women aged 50 to 69 |
| （73）Procedure/Steps of the research | l Track the women with questionnaires． l Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission． l Make statistical （74）analysesof the answers． |
| Results of the research | l It lacks basis that unhappy people （75）tendto suffer mortality more easily． l Unhappiness may （76）account/makefor some dangerous behavior． l Whether the conclusion applies to men hasn't been （77）confirmed/proved |
| （78）Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknessesof the research | l It just depends on how people involved （79）assess/evaluatethemselves． l Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． l The results of earlier studies have been mixed． |
| Significance of the research | l The largest population were involved． l Statistical methods were used． |
| Professor Peto's concern | The study can （80）hardlychange people's minds as the beliefs about the disadvantages of unhappiness are so anchored． |
11．The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn't agree with us，left the meeting room angrily．（ ）
| A． | who has made | B． | having made | C． | made | D． | being made |
6．breath（ ）
0 136491 136499 136505 136509 136515 136517 136521 136527 136529 136535 136541 136545 136547 136551 136557 136559 136565 136569 136571 136575 136577 136581 136583 136585 136586 136587 136589 136590 136591 136593 136595 136599 136601 136605 136607 136611 136617 136619 136625 136629 136631 136635 136641 136647 136649 136655 136659 136661 136667 136671 136677 136685 151629
| A． | please | B． | easily | C． | reader | D． | pleasant |