17.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,"In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence".Given that this is the case,why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?
First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决):stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words,namecalling,and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speaker's position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally,students need to consider what they are bearing.This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't,careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program,according to Educators for Social Responsibility,"64percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92percent of the students felt better about themselves".Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

32.This article is mainly aboutD.
A.the lives of school children            
B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence         
D.how to deal with school conflicts
33.From Paragraph 2we can learn thatB.
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
34.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?C
A.To find out who is to blame.
B.To get ready to try new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
35.The writer's purpose for writing this article is toC.
A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life
C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence.
16.There was a time when we thought humans were special in so many ways.Now we know better.We are not the only species that feels emotions,or follows a moral code.Neither are we the only ones with personalities,cultures and the ability to design and use tools.Yet we all agree that one thing,at least,makes us unique:we alone have the ability of language.
It turns out that we are not so special in this aspect either.Key to the revolutionary reassessment of our talent for communication is the way we think about language itself.Where once it was seen as an unusual object,today scientists find it is more productive to think of language as a group of abilities.Viewed this way,it becomes apparent that the component parts of language are not as unique as the whole.
Take gesture,arguably the starting point for language.Until recently,it was considered uniquely human-but not any more.Mike Tomasello of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig,Germany,and others have collected a list of gestures observed in monkeys and some other animals,which reveals that gestures play a large role in their communication.Ape (猿) gestures can involve touch,vocalising or eye movement,and individuals wait until they have another ape's attention before making visual or auditory gestures.If their gestures go unacknowledged,they will often repeat them.
In an experiment carried out in 2006by Erica Cartmill and Richard Byrne from the University of St Andrews in the UK,they got a person to sit on a chair with some highly desirable food such as banana to one side of apes and some undesirable food such as vegetables to the other.The apes,who could see the person and the food from their enclosures,gestured at their human partners to encourage them to push the desirable food their way.If the person showed incomprehension and offered the vegetables,the animals would change their gestures-just as humans would in a similar situation.If the human seemed to understand while being somewhat confused,giving only half the preferred food,the apes would repeat and exaggerate their gestures-again in exactly the same way a human would.Such findings highlight the fact that the gestures of the animals are not merely inborn but are learned,flexible and under voluntary control-all characteristics that are considered preconditions for human-like communication.

73.Compared with all the other animals,we agree that humans aloneB.
A.own the ability to show their personalities
B.are capable of using language to communicate
C.have moral standards and follow them in society
D.are intelligent enough to release and control emotions
74.According to the passage,humans are not so special in language ability because languageC.
A.involves some abilities that can be mastered by animals
B.is a talent impossibly owned by other animals
C.can be divided into different components
D.are productive for some talented animals
75.Which of the statements can be concluded from the passage?A
A.Some animals can try to use body languages as communication methods.
B.Gestures,the starting point for language,are considered uniquely human.
C.Some animals such as apes and monkeys share some common gestures codes.
D.When gestures are misunderstood,apes will often try to express in a new way.
76.What can we learn from the experiment by Cartmill and Byrne?C
A.Apes can use language to communicate with the help of humans.
B.Repeating and exaggerating gestures is vital in language communication.
C.Some animals can learn to express and communicate through some trials.
D.The preferred food stimulates some animals to use language to communicate.
77.What is probably the best title of the passage?B
A.Language involves gestures!
B.Animals language-gestures!
C.So you think humans are unique?
D.The similarity between humans and apes.
12.Recently,university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged.It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.
Unplugged is being run by Dr Roman Gerodimos,a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University.During the experiment,Dr Gerodimos said there were already  signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers.He said:"They're reporting withdrawal symptoms,overeating,feeling nervous,isolated and disconnected."
During their 24-hour test,three of the experiment's participants were followed around by a BBC reporter plus cameraman.They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline,but of course,they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.
Elliot Day wrote:"Today,my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air.Despite being  aware of the social importance of the media,I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers."
From Caroline Scott,we read:"I didn't expect it,but being deprived of the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual…I didn't break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to,but It's not something l would like to do again!"
And Charlotte Gay wrote:"I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been  my  mobile;not  only is it a social device,it's  my main access point of communication."
Earlier in the year,a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media,often plugged into several things at once.So,with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate,how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?
71.What can we learn about the volunteers?B
 A.Volunteers didn't write down about their day offline.
 B.Volunteers weren't allowed to use any media for 24 hours.
 C.Volunteers  were followed around by Dr Roman Gerodimos.
 D.Only volunteers in the UK took part in Unplugged experiment.
72.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the participants'feelings?

A.Anxious.  B.Lonely  C.Bored.   D.Despaired.
73.Which of the following is true of Caroline Scott?C
 A.The media ban affected his temperature.
 B.His work went on smoothly without the media.
 C.His work was carried on hard without the media.
 D.His life was empty without the radio or newspapers.
74.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A
 A.People should use the media devices reasonably.
 B.People can easily survive the media devices addict.
 C.People can spend more time sleeping in the future.
 D.People spend about half the time using the media devices.
75.The text is most probably a.C
 A.newspaper ad     
B. book review
 C.news report   
D.science fiction story.
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