14．Why is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired?There is no one answer that applies ——青夏教育精英家教网—

14．Why is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired？There is no one answer that applies to every individual．But many people fail to note the difference between fatigue，physical tiredness and sleepiness，the inability to stay awake．It's possible to feel"tired"physically and still be unable to fall asleep，because while your body may be exhausted，you don't feel sleepy．To fall asleep，you need enough time to relax，even if you feel fatigued．It's not so easy to simply"turn off"．According to Carl E．Hunt，director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda，Maryland，most people do not allow themselves relaxed．
Lack of sleep complicates matters even more．Experts say adults need at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night to function properly．When you get less sleep than that on consecutive （连续） nights，you begin to be burdened by"sleep debt"．As sleep debt increases （and functionality decreases），your body experiences a stress response and begins to release adrenaline （肾上腺素）．Now a bad cycle has been created：You experience the feeling of being more and more tired，but your body is increasingly stimulated．"Power sleeping"for more hours on weekends is only a temporary solution．"There is no substitute for getting a good night's sleep on a regular basis，"says Hunt．
Most of us，however，don't get the sleep we need．According to the 2002 National Sleep Foundation，Americans sleep an average of 6.9 hours per night during the week，and 58 percent of adults experience sleeplessness a few nights a week or more．

33．The writer intends to tell usD．
A．Americans don't get enough sleep
B．what benefits we can get from enough sleep
C．lack of sleep has a bad effect on our body
D．why it's difficult for overtired people to fall asleep
34．Which of the following is NOT caused by lack of sleep？C
A．Power sleeping．
B．Sleep debt．
C．Lack of adrenaline．
D．Function badly．
35．From the passage we can draw a conclusion that lack of sleepD．
A．is so common that it isn't worth paying attention to
B．doesn't matter for it can be solved by"Power sleeping
C．can make it easy to fall asleep when one is overtired
D．may make it difficult to fall asleep when one is overtired．

13．The air quality has worsened in the Chinese capital since Wednesday，causing renewed discontent among residents．
Without rainfall and wind to decrease pollutants，particulate matter（颗粒物质） has been accumulating in the air．Most monitoring stations measured PM 10 （particulate matter smaller than 10 micrograms） at higher than 300 micrograms per cubic meter．In southwestern Beijing's Fangshan District，the Liangxiang station recorded 516 micrograms of PM 10 per cubic meter，the highest reading of the day，according to the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center．More than 150 micrograms is considered harmful to health．
Beijing has been covered by heavy smog off and on this winter，and the ongoing air concerns are wearing on residents，particularly as they prepare to celebrate the Spring Festival holiday next week．"I almost got choked by the smog when I stepped out of the office building on Wednesday，"said Yang Yanli，24，an accountant．"The smell is so terrible，as though I'm inhaling lots of coal，that it has spoiled my holiday mood．"
Unlike the smog that hit mostly the southern part of the capital on January 1，the smog in recent days has covered the entire city，according to the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau．Worse yet，it will continue until Saturday，when the wind will pick up and blow it away，the bureau predicted．
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention suggests people stay at home to protect themselves from breathing and heart problems caused by heavy smog and people with breathing problems put off traveling if the smog stays．But many people said they had to brave the bad air to travel，especially migrants who are eager to reunite with their families during the Spring Festival．

25．According to the passage，most monitoring stations in Beijing measured PM 10 atAthis week．
A．higher than 300 micrograms per cubic meter
B．smaller than 10 micrograms per cubic meter
C．516 micrograms of PM 10 per cubic meter
D．more than 150 micrograms per cubic meter
26．According to the passage，the highest reading about pollution is taken inD．
A．The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
B．Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center
C．Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau
D．Southwestern Beijing's Fangshan District
27．The underlined word"inhaling"in the third paragraph probably meansB．
A．coughing
B．breathing in
C．choking
D．sneezing
28．The smog weather is supposed to last untilC．
A．spring
B．the Spring Festival
C．Saturday
D．Wednesday．

12．[1]Are you feeling stressed in your life？Before starting to feel sorry for the stress，keep in mind that we all have stresses in our lives．No one is exception．The stress may occur in spite of your age，color，religion，social status，money or power．So，the importancd of simplifying your life is just what I would wish to convince you about．
[2]Sometimes we might feel that the life of our neighbors is better，but you cannot envy them because you really don't know what their stresses are．One old Russian folk tale says that if all the people in the world put their worries in a bag and put all the bags together we would all choose ourown bag of troubles．
[3]By finding the way to reduce the stresses in your life，you will feel more relaxed and will also find many creative ideas to improve your business．So don't waste time and energy on a small thing．Concentrate on the important ones in life，enjoy your relationship with family and friends，and respect your physical，mental and emotional health condition．It's your life and you are the one that decides how best to live it．
[4]You can simply reduce the stress by knowing that people are happy as they allow them-selves to be．First you have to identify what you like and ．Then you can do more of what you like to do and do less of what you don't．Also you will be amazed at how much you can do once you have identified what to do and have given yourself permission to do what pleases you．
[5]Anyway，bear in mind that it's your life and you are the one that takes the decisions and actions．
66．Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph l in simple English （ no more than 12 words）I want to convince you of the importance of simplifying your life
67．For what purpose does the writer mention the Russian folk tale？（ no more than 10 words）To show that everyone has his own stresses．
68．List 3 ways to reduce your stresses provided in Paragraph 3．（ no more than 15 words）
（1）Concentrate on important things
（2）enjoy your relationship with family and friends
（3）respect your health condition
69．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words．（ no more than 5 words）
whar you dislike
70．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4？（ no more than 8 words）
How to reduceyour stress．．

11．For most seventh graders，life doesn't get much harder than a history test．But for Grant Reed of Bellville，Ohio，it's his own current events that are so painful．"Honestly，I don't want to die，"Grant says．Last year，doctors at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus found a tumor（肿瘤）in Grant's brain．They cut it out，but the surgery left him with stroke-like symptoms．Plus，he had to go through months of radiation and chemotherapy to try to stop the spread of the disease．
    Yet，through it all，Grant has shown remarkable determination，which he owes，partly，to Ohio State football．His parents，Troy and Denise，were both in the OSU marching band and fell in love during halftime of the Michigan game．His cat is named   after the team Buckeye．His wardrobe is painted scarlet（the color of the team's sportswear）．The point is，almost nothing mattered more to Grant than Ohio State football-until he got sick，of course．
‘‘I didn't like the word cancer，"Grant says．So he decided not to use the word．Instead，the kid named his cancer Michigan and insisted everyone in his life refer to it as such，because Ohio State always beats Michigan．That was something he could understand and make it into a competition．He was going to beat this disease．
    It's now been more than a year since Grant issued that announcement．"And if you
look at his scans，"Dr．Randal Olshefski at Nationwide Children's says，"There's nothing there．There's a big space，but there's no tumor．''
"Grant is beating Michigan．And although much of it has to go to science，don't discount the semantics（语义学）．You have to do something to make it a disease you can fight．And for Grant，that was naming it Michigan．"his parents say．
    This weekend，Ohio State and Michigan will be battling like their lives depend on it．But in this house，the Reed family will be watching with a calm insight：it's just a game．
41．What's the main idea of the first paragraph？B
A．History is a difficult subject．
B．Grant suffered a serious dlsease．
C．The operation was successtul．
D．The tumor has spread all over．
42．From the second paragraph，we can infer thatA．
A．Grant was born a football fan
B．football makes a full man
C．interest is the best teacher
D．God helps those who help themselves
43．Why did Grant name his cancer Michigan？D
A．Because he dare not face it．
B．Because he doesn't want to die．
C．Because Michigan is his favorite team．
D．Because his favorite team can always beat Michigan
44．Apart from radiation and chemotherapy，Bis helping Grant beat the disease．
A．the semantics      B．his strong determination
C．the football game   D．his cat Buckeye
45．By saying that it's just a game，we can infer that the Reed familyC
A．has lost interest in the match between Ohio State and Michigan
B．believes Michigan will surely beat Ohio State this weekend
C．has a better understanding of life
D．views the match as a matter of life and death．

10．Lack of sleep"switches off'genes
One week of bad sleep can"switch off"hundreds of genes and raise the risk of a host of illnesses which iS linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease，scientists claim．（71）AGetting fewer than six hours'sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study．
Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replace or repair damaged tissue，but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped working．（72）GScientists from Surrey University divided 26volunteers into two groups，one of which slept for less than six hours per night for a whole week，and one which slept for ten hours per night．At the end of the week each group was kept awake for 40hours and donated blood samples，which were studied to examine the effects of their sleep states．（73）B
Although a week's normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern，researchers said that long periods of sleeplessness could lead to serious health problems including heart disease．
（74）FProf Colin Smith，one of the authors of the new paper，which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal，said："This is only a week of short time sleeping and it is only five and a half or six hours night，Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks，months and maybe，even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be．"
If these processes continue to be disordered，you could see how you are going to get damage of organs，tissues，heart disease，etc．（75）E

A．Genes in our bodies play a key role in the constant process of self-repair．
B．The group of lack of sleeping was found to have changed the function of 711genes．
C．The other participants were monitored as they slept with their rest disturbed on some of the nights．
D．The results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment only for heart disease．
E．If you are not able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged then you are going to suffer    permanent ill health．
F．Studies have also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some other problems，for example limiting    our ability to drive a car safely．
G．The findings suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could prevent the body from fully repairing       itself and raise the risk of a host of diseases．

9．How much you earn is not very important．It is how you earn the money that （　　）

8．The Scottish countryside will soon be home to creatures which are strange to Britain．This spring，17beavers will be released into a remote area of rivers and forests．Hunted to die out throughout Europe，beavers haven't roamedin Britain's wilderness for almost 500years．Ecologists would like to invite back other long-lost animals to help recover the natural balance．To save the country's plants from deer，which have doubled to 2million since the start of this decade，an Oxford University biologist late last year called for introducing the lynx（猞猁） that died out in Britain 1，300years ago．
Nature has long been a popular cause in Europe．British people love their countryside of fences and fields，and the Germans love their hiking forests．But in recent years people have set their sights on the more distant past，when Europe's forests were filled with elephants，rhinoceroses and big cats．Some people are even now advocating a return to the way of wilderness that dates back to the Pleistocene era，more than 11，000years ago．
Nobody is advocating allowing elephants and lions to run crazily in big cities．But supporters would give free control to a long list of small mammals，including the beaver and lynx，which some people fear could be dangerous．Some landowners are worried at the thought of beavers cutting down trees and possible floods； the Scottish parliament refused several earlier efforts to introduce the mammal．Proposals to set wolves and bears free in Britain have also met with opposition．
Although the beavers and the lynxes were popular in Europe thousands of years ago，no one is sure what effect they would have on ecosystems now．"The idea of bringing back big animals is interesting，but when you take it seriously，there are a lot of questions，"say some biologists．For example，elephants could destroy what little forest and grassland Europe has left．
The beavers of Tierra del Fuego provide a lesson．When a failed commercial fur farm released its few remaining beavers into the wild 60years ago，the population exploded，and are still harming the local people．Is this Britain's future？Supporters say no，the beaver will fit right in．Destroying nature is not a job for the wild．

41．The underlined word"roamed"most probably meansA
A．walked
B．released
C．developed
D．exploded
42．Why did the Oxford University biologist call for introducing the lynx？B
A．Because the lynx died out in Britain 1，300years ago．
B．Because the lynx can prevent the plants from being destroyed by deer．
C．Because there are too many deer in Britain．
D．Because the biologist wanted to invite back the long-lost species．
43．What can we learn from Para.3？C
A．Not all the people support setting loose wild animals in Britain．
B．Some small mammals will be out of control in Britain．
C．The landowners don't like beavers because of the possible disasters．
D．British Parliament has proposed several times to bring beavers back．
44．What is the opinion of the biologists about bringing back the mammals？B
A．They consider bringing them back to be fantastic．
B．They think bringing them back is no easy task．
C．They know for sure the result of bringing them back．
D．They think the mammals will destroy the ecosystem．
45．What can be inferred from the passage？B
A．Beavers are the most useful mammals to the balance of Britain．
B．Lynxes may get more freedom in Britain than tigers do．
C．The ecosystem in Britain doesn't need any changes．
D．Beavers released in Britain will destroy nature．

7．Since the beginning of the year，smog has covered parts of North China．In January，Beijing saw only five days without smog．The rising PM 2.5readings terrified many people，and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious，hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases．
Later，news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe．
So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere．
Smog especially is a common concern．Like a popular online post said，air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone，despite your income or vocation．People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices，but they breathe the same air as everyone else．
At a meeting on Monday，many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality，too．One talked about his experience in Beijing．"After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel，which took about an hour，I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black．We should ask ourselves this question：Why do we want to develop？It's for living a better life．Dirty air is definitely not a better life，"he said．
China needs to develop its economy and invest（投资） in high-tech．Every Chinese wants a strong country．But without blue sky，clean water and safe food，the achievements in the economy will become meaningless．Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth．
What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China．President Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China．The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue．

41．The effect of smog doesn't includeC．
A．the rising of PM 2.5readings
B．more people suffering diseases
C．the increase of people's income
D．patients increased in hospital
42．Why smog has become a common concern？B
A．Because people have to pay higher prices．
B．Because nobody can avoid it．
C．Because we have to develop industry．
D．Because a popular online-post discussed it．
43．To make China stronger we have to develop economy，butB．
A．we have to sacrifice air as the price
B．the dirty air is not what we want
C．ecological progress can be ignored
D．the smog is the only byproduct
44．The underlined word"they"in paragraph 6refers toA．
A．human beings
B．other plants
C．space technologies
D．industrial development
45．From the last two paragraphs we can infer thatD．
A．high-tech can completely solve the problem of pollution
B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale
C．we can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyed
D．we must protect the environment while developing economy．

6．All of us should keep a kitchen diary，showing how much food are left uneaten as garbage．
We all waste food，you and me millions of tons of it．In China，enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200million people．In the United States，40percent of food is wasted from farm to fork．Each year，the amount of food thrown away in rich countries is almost the same as that produced in sub-Saharan Africa．This raises some important questions．
In developing countries，food is lost because farmers do not have appropriate cooling，storage or market access for their crops．Their grains，fruits and vegetables dry up and rot away．In developed countries，the picture is different，and food is wasted in supermarkets，restaurants and at home．China faces both problems，significant losses in farms，as well as at the sale and consumption stages．And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is rapidly increasing．
Consumer culture has filled China and urban residents can get quality food from anywhere in the country and from across the planet．Chinese consumers are as particular about their food as those in other countries．In supermarkets，they refuse to buy vegetables that don't look fresh or have an irregular shape，or milk and other products close to their expiry （失败） date．
Besides，Chinese consumers tend to be generous．In restaurants or at home，often too much food is ordered or cooked and served．So while trooping out of a restaurant，full and happy，with colleagues or friends，they never look back at what's left untouched on the table．Should Chinese consumers take more responsibility for the waste they create？
Everyone deserves to have enough food to eat．Despite China's impressive success in reducing hunger over the past three decades，the job is not completed yet．

31．According to paragraph 1，we know that food waste isA．
A．huge worldwide
B．mainly in USA
C．only in rich countries
D．just in African countries
32．In developing countries，food is lost mainlyA．
A．for the lack of cooling and storage
B．because of easy access to markets
C．because of the wet weather
D．because of the quality of the food
33．The main reason for food waste in China isA．
A．the effect of consumer culture
B．the convenient food supply
C．the worry about food quality
D．people's being particular about it
34．How do Chinese feel when they leave restaurants with much food left behind？A
A．Generous．
B．Unconscious．
C．Wealthy．
D．Valuable．
35．The purpose of the passage is to tell usA．
A．not to waste any food from now on
B．the necessity to improve food quality
C．the fact of food waste in developed countries
D．the influence of consumer culture on Chinese．

5．Why do men die earlier than women？The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men's hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age．
The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that women's longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts hardly lose their pumping power with age．
"We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25percent between 18and 70years of age．"said the head of the study，David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK．"Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat．Between the age of 20and 70．one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men，"said Goldspink．"This is part of the ageing process．"
What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells．A healthy 70-year-old woman's heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one's．
"This gender（性别）difference might just explain why women live longer than men，"said Goldspink．
They studied more than 250healthy men and women between the ages of 18and 80，focusing on heahhy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease．
The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart，said Goldspink．
The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise．Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age．

68．The underlined word"longevity"in the second paragraph probably refers toB．
A．health
B．long life
C．ageing
D．effect
69．The text mainly talks aboutD．
A．men's heart cells
B．women's ageing process
C．the gender difference
D．hearts and long life
70．According to the text，the UK scientists have known thatC．
A．women have more cells than men when they are born
B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat
C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age
D．women never lose their pumping power with age
71．We can know from the passage thatA．
A．scientists are on the way to finding out why the male heart loses more of the cells
B．the reason why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart has been found out
C．the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss
D．wome over 70could lose more heart cells than those at the age of 20．

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