16．TOEFL.short for Test of English as a Foreign Language.is a standardized test of English．The TOEFL——青夏教育精英家教网——

16．TOEFL，short for Test of English as a Foreign Language，is a standardized test of English．The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey （61）to study（study）in an English-speaking country．
The TOEFL test（62）measures（measure）your ability to use and understand at the university level．And it evaluates （63）howwell you combine your listening，reading，speaking and writing （64）skills（skill）to perform academic tasks．
More than 30million people from all over the world have taken the TOEFL test to show （65）theirEnglish-language competence．The TOEFL test has（66）more（many）test dates and locations than any other English-language test in the world．You can retake the test many times as you wish，（67）but you cannot take it more than once in a 12-day period．
The TOEFL test is the most （68）widely（wide）respected English-1anguage test in the world，（69）recognized（organize）by more than 9，000colleges，universities and agencies in more than 130countries，（70）including （include）Australia，Canada，the U．K．and the United States．Wherever you want to study，the TOEFL test can help you get there．

15．Middle-class parents，who shout at their teenage children，are increasing their risk of depression and troubled behavior．Even if parents enjoy a close relationship with their son and daughter，harsh verbal discipline （严厉的口头惩戒） was found to have a bad impact on their teens'emotional development．This form of discipline can vary from yelling and shouting at a child，to swearing and using words to shame them．
Scientists looked at 976 families in the US，most of which were middle-class．During the experiment，teens and their parents completed surveys over a two-year period on topics，which were related to their mental health and the quality of the parent-child relationship．
About 90 percent of parents admit using harsh verbal discipline towards their children．They found that many parents changed from physical to verbal discipline as their children entered adolescence．If parents use such punishment when their child is 13，the teen is more likely to have behavioral or emotional problems later on，such as stealing，telling lies or fighting．
There's no doubt that parents'harsh verbal discipline is damaging to the developing adolescent．The thought that harsh discipline is without consequence，once there is a strong parent-child bond，is quite wrong，because parents'warmth can't lessen the effects of harsh verbal discipline．
Indeed，harsh verbal discipline appears to be harmful in all cases．Not only does harsh verbal discipline appear to be useless at dealing with behavior issues，it may actually add to the problem．Even if the parents were close to their child，this form of discipline still caused emotional damage．Parents'hostility （敌意） could actually lead to an increase in the risk of adolescent conduct problems．
Dr Wang suggests parents，who want to discipline their teenage children，would benefit by talking with them about their concerns and the consequences of the behavior．The findings could influence future parenting programs，as well as encourage other methods of punishment rather than shouts and insults．

24．What's the passage mainly about？B
A．How to get on with the teenagers．
B．Why shouting makes teenagers worse．
C．How to build a good parent-child relationship．
D．What parents should do to help their teenagers．
25．Which of the following statements is TRUE？B
A．Punishment can help teenagers develop well．
B．Parents should often talk with children about their concerns．
C．Parents'warmth can lessen the effects of harsh verbal discipline．
D．Harsh discipline works well once there is a strong parent-child bond．
26．The passage is most probably intended forC．
A．the troubled teenagers
B．the teachers in school
C．parents having teenage children
B．children from middle-class families
27．What is the author's attitude to the verbal discipline？D
A．Objective
B．Supportive．
C．Doubtful．
D．Critical．

14．"Inspector Sands to the control room，please．"If you ever hear that at a British train station，don't panic．But you might appreciate knowing that this is a codeword meant to inform staff that there is an emergency somewhere in the building．The idea is to avoid causing alarm among commuters（通勤者），but still get the message out to those trained to deal with the problem．
The subject of secret codewords like this was raised this week on Reddit，and the discussion has attracted thousands of examples．But what codewords and signs are really out there in the wild？
A good place to start is hospital emergency codes．These are often colour-coded，and one health centre in Canada has published its list online．"Code red"announces a fire，"code white"indicates a violent person while"code black"means a bomb threat is active．It's been reported that hospital staff sometimes refer to the morgue as"Rose Cottage"，in order to avoid upsetting relatives of a patient who has recently died．
"I can see very good reasons for having these codes，"says Paul Baker，a linguist at the University of Lancaster．"It may be that people are unsure when they're giving the code so there's no point upsetting members of the public．"
Not all codes are alphanumeric（字母数字的）．Some are visual，intended to be hidden in plain sight．As BBC Future discovered earlier this year，many banknotes feature a specific pattern of dots placed there to prevent people from photocopying money．Many copiers and scanners are programmed to spot it．
And finally，the spray-painted squiggles（波形曲线） you see on pavements in towns and cities all over the world are codes understood by construction workers and engineers．For example，in UK，different colours are related to different types of cable or pipe．Blue meant a water system while yellow indicated gas lines and green labelled CCTV or data wiring．
All of these codes have a purpose---to avoid causing panic，to transmit subtle signals in social groups，or to provide technical information quickly and easily．"People don't like secrets，do they？"says Baker．"There is a drive to have as much information as possible---we do live in the information age，"he adds．

32．The following are purposes of the secret codes exceptD．
A．to avoid causing alarm and panic among the public．
B．to send sensitive signals in social groups．
C．to provide technical information quickly and easily．
D．to make people believe you are wiser．
33．The underlined word"morgue"in paragraph 3refers to the room in a hospitalB．
A．where patients are treated
B．where dead bodies are kept
C．where a patient has an operation
D．where a surgeon cuts open the patients'bodies
34．How many kinds of secret codes are mentioned in the passage？B
A.2． B.3． C.4． D.5．
35．Which of the following could be the best title of the passage？A
A．The secret codes you are not meant to know
B．Where to find the codes
C．The origin of different codes
D．Codes in the modern society．

13．I had the （61）meanest （mean）mother in the world．While other kids ate candy for breakfast，I had to have cereal and eggs．When （62）others had sugary drinks and candy for lunch，I had to eat a sandwich．But at least I （63）wasn't（ be） alone．My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother （64）as I did．
My mother knew where we were at all times．She knew （65）who/where our friends were．We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day．We had to be in bed （66）before 9：00pm and up at 8：00am．We wouldn't sleep till noon like our friends．So while the slept，our mother gave us work to do．We had to wash dishes，make our beds，and learn to cook．I believe she lay awake at night （67）thinking （think） up mean things to do to us．
My mother was such a mother．Out of four （68）children（child），a couple of us went on to higher education．（69）Noneof us have ever done bad things．She forced us to grow up into （70）educated （educate）and honest people．I am trying to raise my kids like this．I will feel proud when My kids call me mean．

12．Lately，everywhere you look，people are running around with fitness trackers on their wrists．Along with a smartphone and an accompanying app，these trackers can report how many calories you've burned and the distance you've traveled．Still curious about yourself？You can also learn the number of stairs you've climbed and steps you've taken，metrics（度量）it had never occurred to me to wonder about．
Not one to resist peer pressure，however，I paid $100for a Fitbit Flex．I chose that brand on  the basis of research：asking my friend Sari which tracker she used．
The Fitbit website offered instructions on setting up my new tracker．I entered my height  and gender（性别）and certain information I considered none of its business：birth date and  weight．Then I established goals．The American Heart Association recommends we all walk 1 0，000steps a day-about five miles，and so does Fitbit．I decided 6，000steps was a good place for me to start．
I changed my tune when，on day one，I hit 6，000steps and tiny LED lights flashed on my  wristband．Confident enough now，I went back to my phone and upped my goal to 8，000steps．
OK．So I got a little obsessed（着迷）．On day five at a department store，I decided to check  my progress．My target number was just 275steps away!I walked around the dress department  watching my smartphone register each step I took．I hate to tell you how much pleasure this gave me．
Now I always wear my tracker，not because I've grown to love fitness but because I like  being trendy and self-absorbed．Last night I was leaving a restaurant when Fitbit emailed to  congratulate me on walking more than 10，000steps．Who wouldn't love a tool that turns your  every footstep into an accomplishment？

25．Why do people wear fitness trackers while running？C
A．To measure their blood pressure．
B．To tell them the right direction．
C．To report the amount of exercise．
D．To email information to others．
26．The underlined part"none of its business"in Paragraph 3probably means"B"．
A．necessary    B．unimportant    C．priceless   D．ridiculous
27．The author started from 6，000steps becauseC．
A．it is the suggestion from Fitbit Flex
B．it is the best choice for beginners
C．the author wasn't confident at first
D．the friend Sadri asked the author to do so
28．What does the author think of the experience of using the tracker？D
A．Thrilling and dangerous．    B．Painful and unbearable．
C．Boring and uncomfortable．   D．Joyful and encouraging．

11．Want to add some hours to your day？Ok，you probably can't change the fabric of time．But a new study suggests that the way you feel about your goal can change your concept of time and that some simple strategies could make you feel less rushed．
In a series of experiments，Jordan Etkin，a professor of marketing at Duke，and her co-authors，Loannis Evangelidis and Jennifer Aaker，looked at what happens when people see their goals as conflicting with one another．In one，they asked some participants to list two of their goals that they felt were in conflict，and others simply to list two of their goals．Those who were forced to think about conflicting aims felt more time pressure than those who weren't．In another experiment，the researchers gave participants a similar prompt regarding goal conflict，but this time measured their anxiety levels as well as their attitudes toward time．They found that participants who thought about conflicting goals had more anxiety than those who didn't，and that this，in turn，led to feelings of being short on time．
"Stress and anxiety and time pressure are closely linked concepts，"D．Etkin explained．"When we feel more stress and anxiety in relation to our personal goals，that manifests as a sense of having less time．"
Technological advances that allow people to do lots of things at once may increase the feeling of goal conflict，she said．
"I think the easier it is for us to try to deal with a lot of these things at the same time，"
She said"the more opportunity there is for us to feel this conflict between our goals．"
She isn't the first to suggest that actual busyness isn't the only thing that can make us Feel busy At the Atlantic，Derek Thompson wrote that"as a country，we're working less than we did in the 1960s and 1980s．"He offered a number of possible reasons some Americans still feel so overworked，including"the fluidness ffl±） of work and leisure．"As he put it：
"The idea that work begins and ends at the office is wrong．On the one hand，flexibility is nice，On the other，mixing work and leisure together creates an always-on expectation that makes it hard for white-collar workers to escape the shadow of work responsibilities．"
And Brigid Schulte writes in her 2014 book Overwhelmed：How to Work，Love，and Play When No One Has the Time that some researchers believe"time has no sharp edges．What often matters more than the activity we're doing at a moment in time，they have found，is how we feel about it．Our concept of time is indeed，our reality．"
Fortunately，Dr．Etkin and her team did find ways of making us feel better about time-or，at least，of reducing the negative influence of goal conflict．When participants performed a breathing exercise that reduced their anxiety，the impact of such conflict o n their perception of time was less pronounced．Reframing anxiety as excitement （by reading the phrase"I am excited!"aloud several times） had a similar effect．
Breathing and reframing may not solve everyone's time problems-Ms．Schulte writes that some Americans are indeed working more than they used to．She cites the work of the sociologists Michael Hout and C aroline Hanley，who have"found that working parents combined put in 13 more hours a week on the job in 2000 than they did in 1970．That's 676 hours of additionally paid work a year for a family．And that's on top of all the unpaid hours spent caring for children and keeping the house together．"Sometimes，we may feel short on time because we actually are．However，Dr．Etkin believes her findings suggest we may"have the ability to influence our experience of time more than we think we do．"
"We're all going to have times in our lives when our goals seem to be in more conflict than others，"she said．But with techniques like the ones her team tested，"we really can help ourselves feel like we have more time．"
58．What makes people feel rushed today？A
A．Goal conflict．B．High pressure．C．Too much expectation．D．Lack of exercise．
59．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？D
A．Most people are having less work to do nowadays．
B．People under a lot of stress have a better sense of time．
C．Technological advances allow people to feel less stressed．
D．The flexibility of work increases white-collar workers'pressure．
60．The underlined sentence"Our concept of time is，indeed，our reality．"meansC
A．we should make full use of time
B．we value time more than the way we live
C．we can feel better about time if we want to
D．we don't have the time to enjoy life in reality．

10．While I went sightseeing in London，I visited the London Underground．Like most tourists，I was very interested in it as it is the （61）oldest（old）system in the world．It is also very complex．I was told that the first part of the underground system opened in 1863and（62）ittook people from the boundary of London to the city centre．The underground passages were very narrow （63）compared（compare） to the last line that was constructed in 1977．when （64）carriages（carriage） first ran in these passages，there was lots（65）ofsmoke and noise．I think it must have been horrible and damp down there!Another problem was that there were a dozen different lines，（66）whichwere not linked．This（67）made（make） the system not user-friendly，but now the different lines have been joined．The union of the different lines makes traveling on the London Underground much more （68）convenient（convenience）．I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times．It was good for me （69）to have（have）the experience．Another interesting thing was that the passage were used for all sorts of things during World War II such as bomb shelters and an anti-aircraft centre．It's （70）truly（true） amazing!

9．I will visit Austria ______ the invitation of my friend this summer vacation．（　　）

8．We saw ____ audience clapping their hands when ______ popular singer appeared on the stage．（　　）

7．Don't have the water ______ while you brush your teeth．（　　）

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