17．What is the single largest cause of sick leave in the UK?The answer is not the common cold or flu——青夏教育精英家教网——

17．What is the single largest cause of sick leave in the UK？The answer is not the common cold or flu，but back pain．Back pain affects one in three British adults，costs the country over 5billion pounds every year and is very difficult to treat．But now Britain's National Health Service（NHS）will be offering a new solution：acupuncture．The ancient Chinese needle therapy（疗法）has been around in the UK for many years，but this is the first time it has been officially approved by the NHS's advisory body，the National Institute for Clinical Excellence（NICE）．
Traditionally，doctors in the UK have advised back pain sufferers to stay active，do stretching exercises and take painkillers when necessary and in more serious cases some people are given X-ray treatment or injections with therapeutic substances．
NICE，however，say there is evidence that acupuncture may be more effective than expensive X-rays or injections，so patients who have been suffering for over six weeks should be given a choice．As an alternative to acupuncture，patients will be able to choose for either a course of spinal manipulation（脊柱推拿术），or a series of special exercise sessions．In the UK，acupuncture is classed as a complementary therapy，which is the term given to a medical procedure which hasn't received the strict trials by which scientists prove some treatments work．
While many experts have welcomed the move to make acupuncture available on the NHS，some are still doubtful about its effectiveness．Research from the US earlier this month found that using toothpicks could be as good as using real needles．So while some are yet to be convinced，back pain sufferers will be hoping that acupuncture helps get them feeling healthy and mobile again．Employers，on the other hand，will be hoping it gets them back to work．

32．What can we learn from the first paragraph？B
A．The British have come to know acupuncture recently．
B．About thirty percent of the British suffer from back pain．
C．NICE has been arguing against Chinese needle therapy．
D．The British ask for sick leave mostly because of cold or flu．
33．The traditional ways to treat back pain in the UK includeC．
A．staying in bed for rest
B．Chinese needle therapy
C．receiving X-ray treatment
D．avoiding physical exercises
34．In treating back pain，acupunctureA．
A．may cost less than X-rays
B．works surely better than injections
C．has gone through strict scientific tests
D．will replace the traditional ways in the UK
35．What do experts think of acupuncture？D
A．They think highly of it．
B．Most of them are against it．
C．Few recognize its usefulness．
D．They differ on its effectiveness．

16．In a time when a dangerous number of people are overweight，many people seem to have forgotten the most important way to keep healthy and slim---exercise．And as a new study carried out on mice in the lab has shown，exercise done early in life can reward you in your adult years．
A team of researchers at the University of California studied the effects of early exercise on adult physical activity，body mass and eating．They found that early-age exercise in mice has positive effects on adult levels of voluntary exercise in addition to reducing body mass．
"These results may have an effect on the importance of regular physical education in elementary and middle schools，"said Theodore Garland，a professor of biology，who led the research project．"If kids exercise regularly through their school years，then they may be more likely to exercise as adults，which could have far-reaching positive effects on human health and well-being．"
Although the positive effects of early-life exercise lasted for only one week，it is important to note that one week in the life of a mouse is the same as about nine months for humans．"Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult exercise will need to be kept up if they are to be long-lasting．"
His team of researchers found，too，that all mice that had access to early exercise were lighter in weight than non-exercised mice．
Garland explained that，in general，exercise will stimulate appetite sooner or later．However，it is possible that certain types of exercise，done for certain periods of time or at certain light levels，might not  stimulate appetite much，if at all，at least in some individuals．
"If we could understand what sorts of exercise these might be，then we might be able to tailor exercise recommendations in a way that would bring the benefits of exercise without increase in appetite，leading to a better chance of weight loss，"he said．

28．How long do the positive effects of early-life exercise last for a mouse？B
A．One day
B．One week
C．One month
D．Nine months
29．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article？A
A．More study is needed to better understand the effects of different types of exercise．
B．Early-life exercise has life-long positive effects on people
C．Kids should be encouraged to do exercise as early as possible to ensure physical health．
D．The new study on mice mainly focused on how exercise affects appetite．
30．The underlined word"stimulate"in the last but one paragraph is closest in meaning toB．
A．decline
B．improve
C．vary
D．harm
31．What is the article mainly about？D
A．New ways to fight against being overweight．
B．The positive effects of mice
C．The possible risks of doing exercise
D．The positive effects of early-life exercise．

15．Lindsay Renwick，the mayor of Deniliquin，a country town in New South Wales，misses the constant whir （嗡嗡声） of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice．The Deniliquin mill，the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere （南半球），once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20million people globally．But six years of drought have had a destructive effect，reducing Australia's rice crop by 98percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December．
Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia，not just rice-from sheep farming，the country's other backbone，to the cultivation of grapes for wine，the fastest-growing crop there，with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice．The drought's effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world，so far．It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices，and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production．
Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages-for example，rice that blooms earlier in the day，when it is cooler，to fight against global warming．Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice，a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb．"There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place，"said Reiner Wassmann，climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute （IRRI）．The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse：that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable．
Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice．Rising concentrations （浓度） of carbon dioxide，the main greenhouse gas，can actually help rice-although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat，inadequate water，severe pollution or other stresses．Still，the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that，particularly in developed countries，the effects of climate change may be relieved，if not completely avoided．"I'm not as negative as most people，"said Will Steffen，director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University．"Farmers are learning how to do things differently．"
Meanwhile，changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs，as the developing world is discovering．"Rice is an essential food，"said Graeme Haley，the general manager of the town of Deniliquin．"Wine is not．"

73．By"the mothballing of the mill"（in Paragraph 1）the author most probably means the mill isB．
A．kept unprocessed
B．left unused
C．being entirely restored
D．being pushed round
74．To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage，researchers areA．
A．seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperature
B．building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to grow
C．studying climate changes in China which may affect rice growing in Asia
D．looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice
75．Which of the following can be learned from the passage？D
A．Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing．
B．Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture．
C．Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia．
D．Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions．
76．It can be inferred from the passage thatD．
A．Australia is the largest rice producing country around the world
B．most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmers
C．climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people's lives
D．wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia
77．Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage？C
A．Rice shortage and wine boom
B．Drought，the enemy of rice production
C．Rice crisis and its solution
D．Rice issue，a focus of the public attention．

14．Jogging has become the most popular individual sport in America．Many theories，even some mystical （神秘的） ones，have been advanced to explain the popularity of jogging．The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap，quick and efficient way to maintain （or achieve ）physical fitness．
The most useful sort of exercise is exercise that develops the heart，lungs，and circulatory（循环的）systems．If these systems are fit，the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies．One can train more specifically，as by developing strength for weight lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great power
as in football，but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body．It is worth doing that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease，the number one cause of death in America．
Only one sort of equipment is needed-a good pair of shoes．Physicians advise beginning joggers not to run in a tennis or gym shoe．Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make an excellent running shoe indispensable（不可缺少的）if a runner wishes to develop as quickly as possible，with as little chance of injury as possible．A good running shoe will have soft pads for absorbing shock，as well as slightly built-up heels and full heel cups（后跟垫）that will give the knee and ankle more stability．A wise investment in good shoes will prevent blisters （水泡）and the foot，ankle and knee injuries and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surfaces．No other special equipment is needed； you can jog in any clothing you desire，even your street clothes．
Many joggers wear expensive，flashy （华丽的） warm-up suits，but just as many wear a simple pair of gym shoes and T-shirt； in fact，many people just jog in last year's clothes．In cold weather，several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat．If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing，they can add or subtract layers as conditions change．
It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run．The American Jogging Association has a twelve-week program designed to move from a fifteen-minute walk （which almost anyone can manage who is in reasonable health） to a thirty-minute run．A measure of common sense，a physical examination，and a planned schedule are all it takes．

74．They main purpose of this passage is toA．
A．discuss jogging as a physical fitness program
B．describe the type of clothing needed for jogging
C．provide scientific evidence of the benefits of jogging
D．launch a nationwide physical fitness campaign
75．The most effective kind of exercise should be the one thatD．
A．trains the body for weight lifting
B．enables a person to run straight ahead
C．is both beneficial and inexpensive
D．develops the heart，lungs，and circulatory systems
76．We can conclude from this passage thatB．
A．jogging makes heart disease no longer an American problem
B．jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly prepared
C．warm-up suits are preferable to gym shoes and T-shirts
D．jogging is bad for the ankles and knees
77．What can we learn from the third paragraph？B
A．For beginning joggers，tennis or gym shoes are better choices．
B．A pair of good running shoes is necessary for a runner to develop quickly．
C．A pair of good running shoes with a full heel-cup is designed to prevent shock．
D．Comfortable pads will give the knees and ankles more stability．

13．Beijing is hardly alone in its air pollution problems．The world Health Organization has said that roughly half of the world's urban population is exposed to pollution at least 2.5 times higher than it recommends．
While it may take years to fix this global problem，innovative minds in the Asia region have come up with creative solutions for living with air pollution．
DIY Purifier
Thomas Talhelm started worrying about the air inside his Beijing home during"airpocalypse"（空气末日） in 2013 when Beijing's air quality index skyrocketed to a terrifying 755．
The scholar couldn't afford the luxury of an expensive air purifier．"Filters （过滤器） are actually very simple-a high efficient filter is all you need to get over 96% of the PM2.5，"he said．
With three of his friends，Talhelm created Smart Air，an air purifier consisting of a basic household fan with a high efficient filter attached to it．
It works as efficiently as the big brands selling for thousands of dollars，removing more than 90 percent of PM2.5 in your room，according to Talhelm's research．
Invisible Mask
Infipure's"nose mask"claims to cut 99% of PM2.5 without the trouble of a surgical face mask．
The filters，made from special materials，are inserted into your nose and aim to be undetectable．
"People care about their health，but don't want all the downsides that come with a traditional face mask，"Infipure co-founder Francis Law explained．
Plant Backpack
Taiwanese artist Chui Chih has designed a survival device for an apocalyptic world．
Named Voyage on the Planet，a potted plant is housed inside a clear backpack hooked up to two tubes to bring fresh air to a face mask．It's a bold，abstract idea from an oxygen tank．
Smog Vacuum
Daan Roosegaarde has been working on a smog vacuum that will suck pollutants from the sky to the ground like a vacuum，making way for clean air．
A byproduct of this smog vacuum，namely The Smog Free Tower，is the"smog ring"-a piece of jewelry made from smog particulates（微粒）．
"The pollution we suck up，the small particulates，we don't throw them away．We put them under pressure for a couple of weeks and they crystallize，creating something like a diamond，"Roosegaarde explains．

70．Thomas Talhelm invented Smart Air for all the following reasons exceptD．
A．the high price of the big brands
B．the help from three of his friends
C．the poor quality of the indoor air
D．the simple principle behind the device
71．If someone wants to travel around in those polluted days，which product will he most probably choose for the sake of convenience？B
A．Smart Air．
B．Infipure's nose mask．
C．Voyage on the Planet．
D．The Smog Free Tower．
72．In which solution the inventor also makes use of the dust collected from the polluted air？D
A．DIY Purifier．
B．Invisible Mask．
C．Plant Backpack．
D．Smog Vacuum．

12．In a time when a dangerous number of people are overweight，many people seem to have forgotten the most important way to keep healthy and slim---exercise．And as a new study carried out on mice in the lab has shown，exercise done early in life can rward you in your adult years．
A team of researchers at the University of California studied the effects of early exercise on adult physical activity，body mass and eating．They found that early-age exercise in mice has positive effects on adult levels of voluntary exercise in addition to reducing body mass．
"These results may have an effect on the importance of regular physical education in elementary and middle schools，"said Theodore Garland，a professor of biology，who led the research project．"If kids exercise regularly through their school years，then they may be more likely to exercise as adults，which could have far-reaching poitive effects on human health and well-being．"
Although the positive effects of early-life exercise lasted for only one week，it is important to note that one week in the life of a mouse is the same as about nine months for humans．"Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult eercise will need to be kept up if they are to be long-lasting．"
His team of researchers found，too，that all mice that had access to early exercise were lighter in weight than non-exercised mice．
Garland explained that，in general，exercise will stimulate appetite sooner or later．However，it is possible that certain types of exercise，done for certain periods of time or at certain light levels，might not stimulate appetite much，if at all，at least in some individuals．
"If we could understand what sorts of exercise these might be，then we might be able to tailor exercise recommendations in a way that would bring the benefits of exercise without increase in appetite，leading to a better chance of weight loss，"he said．

28．How long do the positive effects of early-life exercise last for a mouse？B
A．One day B．One week C．One month D．Nine months
29． Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article？A
A．More study is needed to better understand the effects of different types of exercise．
B．Early-life exercise has life-long positive effects on people
C．Kids should be encouraged to o exercise as early as possible to ensure physical health．
D．The new study on mice mainly focused on how exercise affects appetite．
30．The underlined word"stimulate"in the last but one paragraph is closest in meaning toB．
A．decline B．improve C．vary D．harm
31．What is the article mainly about？D
A．New ways to fight against being overweight．
B．The positive effects of mice
C．The possible risks of doing exercise
D．The positive effects of early-life exercise．

11．The"melting pot"in American cuisine（菜肴．烹饪法） is a myth，not terribly unlike the idea of a melting pot of American culture，notes chef Dan Barber．"Most cultures don't think about their cuisine in such monolithic（统一的） terms，"he says．"French，Mexican，Chinese，and Italian cuisines each consist of dozens of distinct regional foods．And I think"American'cuisine is moving in the same direction，becoming more localized，not globalized．"
American cuisine is shaped by the natural wealth of the country．Having never faced agricultural hardship，Americans don't have to rely on rotating crops，such as the Japanese，whose food culture now showcases buckwheat （荞麦） alongside rice，or the Indians，or the French and Italians，who feature beans alongside wheat．"That kind of negotiation with the land forced people to incorporate（接受） those crops in to the culture，"says Barber．And so eating soba noodles becomes part of what it means to be Japanese，and eating beans becomes part of what it means to be French．
So if what we eat is what we are，what are Americans？Well，meat．"If Americans have any unifying food identity，I would say we are a mostly white meat culture，"says Barber．"The protein-centric dinner plate，whether you're talking about a boneless chicken breast，or a 16-ounce steak，as an everyday expectation is something that America really created，and now exports to the rest of the world．"
Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their celebrations，says Ellen Gustafson，co-founder of the FEED Project and The 30Project，which aims to deal with both hunger and overweight issues globally．"The celebratory nature of food is universal．Every season，every harvest，and every holiday has its own food，and this is true in America as well．It helps define us．"

24．According to the first paragraph，American cuisineA．
A．consists of varieties of regional foods
B．is becoming more and more globalized
C．has absorbed a lot from Chinese cuisine
D．is not as unified as its culture
25．What has made American cuisine different from other cuisines according to the article？D
A．Relying on rotating crops
B．The difficulty of planting crops
C．The US'melting pot culture
D．The US'agricultural wealth
26．We can conclude from the article thatC has become part of what it means to be American．
A．eating rice  B．eating beans  C．eating white meat  D．eating soba noodles
27．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article？C
A．American cuisine is healthier than other cuisines．
B．American cuisine hasn't changed much over time．
C．Americans use food as part of their celebrations．
D．Americans are quite proud of their own cuisine．

10．Admitting he is naturally clever，we do not think he will make much improvement， he pays no attention to his lessons．（　　）

9．It was really tiring for me to stand in the queue for two hours to get the G-train ticket．
You ．You could have got one online．（　　）

	A．	needn't have		B．	needn't
	C．	didn't need to		D．	didn't need to have

8． from Jane Austin's classic，the BBC production Pride and Prejudice is universally acknowledged as the best so far．（　　）

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