16．The oldest and most common source of renewable energy known to man.biomass is one of the most imp——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．The oldest and most common source（来源） of renewable energy known to man，biomass is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere．Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere--from trees and grasses to agricultural and city--life wastes--biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world．
According to the Union of Concerned Scientists（UCS），biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide（二氧化碳），because the energy it contains comes from the sun．When plant matter is burned，it gives off the sun's energy．In this way，biomass serves as a sort of natural battery（电池） for storing the sun's energy．As long as biomass is produced continuously--with only as much grown as is used-the"battery"lasts forever．
According to the Energy Information Administration，biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007，making up between 0.5and 0.9percent of the nation's total electricity supply．In 2008--although the numbers aren't all in yet--wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country．
Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11million tons of carbon dioxide each year．Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials．Such practice may save homeowner's money，but it also produces a lot of pollution．So，the best way is to encourage power plants to use it．

72．Why is biomass considered as"a sort of natural battery"？C．
A．It burns merely plant matter．
B．It keeps producing electricity．
C．It stores the energy from the sun．
D．It produces zero carbon dioxide．
73．We learn from the text that in 2008A．
A．Wind power would be the leader of renewable energy．
B．there was a rapid growth of electricity production
C．biomass might become the main energy source
D.0.5～0.9of power supply came from biomass
74．Why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass？C．
A．To prevent the waste of energy．
B．To increase production safety．
C．To reduce pollution．
D．To save money．
75．Where does the text probably come from？B．
A．A research plan．B．A science magazine
C．A book review．D．A business report．

15．Here is an astonishing and significant fact：Mental work alone can't make us tire．It sounds absurd．But a years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue （疲劳）．To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins（毒素） and fatigue products．But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day．
So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning．The brain is totally tireless．So what makes us tired？
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional（情绪的） attitudes．One of England's most outstanding scientists，J．A．Hadfield，says，"The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin．In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare．"Dr．Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even further．He declares，"One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems．"
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired？Joy？Satisfaction？No!A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated-those are the emotions that tire sitting workers．Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue．We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body．

64．What surprised the scientists a few years ago？C．
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's blood．
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn after a day's work．
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue．
D．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins．
65．According to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired？B．
A．Challenging mental work．
B．Unpleasant emotions．
C．Endless tasks．
D．Physical labor．
66．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists'idea？A．
A．He agrees with them． B．He doubts them．
C．He argues against them． D．He hesitates to accept them．
67．We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic，sitting workers need toB．
A．have some good food．
B．enjoy their work
C．exercise regularly
D．discover fatigue toxins．

14．Going green seems to be fad（时尚）for a lot of people these days．Whether that is good or bad，we can't really say，but for the tow of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle．
On April22，2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire year．This meant doing 365different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things．Rather than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365different green things to do and this was no easy task．
With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year started．My life and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment．We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps．
Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our lifestyle．We now shop at organic（有机的）stores．We consume less meat，choosing green food．We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need．We have given away half of what we owned through websites．Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical cleaners．We make our own butter，enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread．In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished．
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year．We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others．We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet．

60．What might be the best title for the passage？A．
A．Going Green． B．Protecting the Planet．
C．Keeping Open-Minded D．Celebrating Our Green Year．
61．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year becauseD．
A．they were expected to follow the green fad
B．they didn't know how to educate other people
C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks
62．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year？A．
A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits．
B．They ignore others'ungreen behavior．
C．They chose better chemical cleaners．
D．They sold their home-made food．
63．What can we infer form the last paragraph？B．
A．The government will give support to the green people．
B．The couple may continue their project in the future．
C．Some people disagree with the couple's green ideas．
D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign．

13．If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends．Nitrogen（氮） dissolved（溶解） in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure．The consequence，if the bubbles （气泡）accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and abent body-thus the name．If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death．
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression（减压） sickness if they surface too fast：whales，for example．And so，long ago，did ichthyosaurs．That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones．If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply．This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse．Fossil （化石）bones that have caved in on them selves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends．
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past．What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years．To this end，he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums，looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods．
When he started，he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils，reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression．Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite．More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen（标本） showed evidence of that sort of injury．
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means，they clearly did so quickly-and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards．But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened．He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change．
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator （捕食动物） such as a large shark．One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches．Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free．In the Triassic，then，ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain．In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey（猎物） as well as predator-and often had to make a speedy exit as a result．

61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends？A
A．A twisted body．
B．A gradual decrease in blood supply．
C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood．
D．A drop in blood pressure．
62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to seeB．
A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
63．Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4C．
A．confirmed his assumption
B．speeded up his research process
C．disagreed with his assumption
D．changed his research objectives
64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaursA．
A．failed to evolve an anti decompression means
B．gradually developed measures against the bends
C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D．evolved an anti decompression means but soon lost it．

12．

A．Drug overuse and its consequence
    B．The problem of drug overuse in America
   C．Benefits of medicine and its wise use
                  D．Female drug overuse with reference to that of males
          E Misuse of medicine among the young generation
            F．Improper use of medicine among senior citizens

76．B
    Nowadays．millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs．Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse （NIDA，1999）shows that around 2% of the population over age 12were using drugs non-medically．
77．C
   NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world．They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease．They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives．Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active，contributing citizens．NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible．
78．A
   Nevertheless．overuse of drugs such as opioids，central nervous system （CNS） depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern．Although this abuse affects many people worldwide，particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults，teenagers arid women．
79．F
   Though it may be a surprise to many，the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly．Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University，North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population，those aged 65and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs．People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use．In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs，70% were women who had overused medicines．
80．D
   Unfortunately，this trend among women does not only affect those aged over
    In general，among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative，women are twice as likely to become addicted．In addition，statistics compiled for 12-17year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers，tranquillisers，stimulants and sedatives．

11．The elephant was lying heavily on its side，fast asleep．A few dogs started barking at it．The elephant woke up in a terrible anger：it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety．That didn't stop the elephant．It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people．The villagers were scared and angry．Then someone suggested calling Parbati，the elephant princess．
   Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer．He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk．He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up--how to catch wild elephants．
   Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle．After a happy childhood hunting with her father，she was sent to boarding school in the city．But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife．"Life in the city is too dull．Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase，"she says．
   But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun．"My work，"she says，"is to rescue man from the elephants，and to keep the elephants safe from man．"And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years．Increasingly，the Indian elephant is angry：for many years，illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land．It is now fighting back．Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village，Parbati is called to
guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill．
   The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion．A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant．"Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them．They are also more loyal than humans，"she said，as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant，happy animal．An elephant princess indeed!

65．For Parbati，catching elephants is mainly to．B
A．get long lasting excitement              B．keep both man and elephants safe
C．send them back to the jungle             D．make the angry elephants tame
66．Before Parbati studied in a boarding school，A
A．she spent her time hunting with her father
B．she learned how to sing love songs
C．she had already been called an elephant princess
D．she was taught how to hunt tigers
67．Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge becauseC．
A．they are caught and sent for heavy work
B．illegal hunters capture them and kill them
C．they are attacked and their land gets limited
D．dogs often bark at them and chase them
68．The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in IndiaB．
A．people easily fall victim to elephants'attacks
B．the man-elephant relationship is getting worse
C．elephant tamers are in short supply
D．dogs are as powerful as elephants．

10．Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy，but this one is el．ean and cool．Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx，one of the city's poorest areas．Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly （以前） homeless people，whose rent is paid by the government．The rest are low-income families．The boiler room has special equipment，which produces energy for electricity and heat．It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air，reducing carbon emissions（碳排放）while also cutting costs．
    Fox Point is operated by Palladia，a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy，people．Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners （ECP），which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers．
   ECP has created national standards for healthy，environmentally （环境方面） clever and affordable homes which are called，the Green Communities Standards．These standards include water keeping，energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials．Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%，which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs．Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy．
   Michael．Bloomberg，New York's mayor，plans to create 165，000affordable housing units for500，000New Yorkers．Almost 80% of New York City's greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings，and 40% of those are caused，by housing．So he recently announced that the city's Department of Housing and Preservation and Development （DHPD），whose duty is to develop and keep the city's supply of affordable housing，will require all its new projects to follow ECP's green standards．
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver，but New York's DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country．

45．What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph？C
A．To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people．
B．To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas．
C．To show how the environment-friendly building works．
D．To compare old and new boiler rooms．
46．What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards？A
A．Lower running costs．
B．Costing less in construction．
C．Less air to be lost in hot days．
D．Better prices for homeless people．
47．It can be learned from the text that，B
A．New York City is seriously polluted
B．people's daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C．a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in
D．some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City
48．What is the main purpose of this text？D
A．To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems．
B．To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing．
C．To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families．
D．To introduce healthy，environmentally clever-and affordable housing．

9．It was a village in India．The people were poor．However，they were not unhappy．After all，their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries．
Then one day．Some visitors from the city arrived．The told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs．However，they did not have enough frogs of their own，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other place．
This seemed like money for nothing．There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and  they were no use to the villagers．All they had to do was catch them．Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs．Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money．For the first time，the people were able to dream of a better future，But the dream didn't last long．
The change was hardly noticed at first，but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well．More worrying was that the children fell ill more ofen，and，there seeemed to be more insects aroud lately．
The vilagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak．They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides（杀虫剂） and medicines．Soon there was no money left．
Then the peaple realized what was happening．It was the frog．They hadn't been useless．They had been doing an important job---eating insects．Now with so many frogs killed，the insects were
Increasing more rapidly．They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases．
Now，the peaple are still poor．But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs．These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning．

56．from paragraoh I we learn  that  the  villagersC．
A．worked  very  hard  for centuries
B．dreamed of having a better  life
C．were  poor but somewhat content
D．lived  a  different  life from their forefathers
57．why  did the villagers  agree  to sell frogs？A
A the frogs  were easy money
B They  needs money to buy medicine
C they wanted to plwase the visitors
D．the forgs made too much  noise
58．what might be the cause if the children's sickness？B
A the crops didin't dowell
B．there were  too  many insects
C．the visits  brought in diseases
D．the pesticides were overused
59．what can we infor from the last sentence of the text？C
A．hapiness  comes from peaceful life in the country
B．Health is more important  than money
C．the harmoney betwwenn man and  nature is important
D．good old day will never be forgotten．

8．It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves．Some groups believe wolves should be killed．Other people believe wolves
Must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss（荒野）
For Killing Wolves
    In Alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport．However．1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur．So the woIf population has greatly increased．Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply．
   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family．People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food．Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life．When the deer can't find enough food，they die．
    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey（猎物）will disappear some day．And the wolves will．too．So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology．If we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out．We'd also save some farm animals．
    In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food．Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem．They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population．
Against Killing Wolves
    If you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf．According to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for food．Even today，the stories of the"big bad woIf'"will not disappear．
    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people．and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young．or the sick and injured．The strongest survive．No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived．And has always been a law of nature．Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance．The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large，and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life．
    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people．Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs．the wolves can't always find enough food．So they travel to the nearest source，which is often a farm．Then there is danger．The"big bad wolf"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next．

60．According to the passage，some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET thatD．
A．there are too many wolves                B．they kill large numbers deer
C．they attack cows and chickens for food    D．they destroy the wilderness plant life
61．Some people are against killing wolves becauseA．
A．wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wildemess
B．there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness
C．there are too many deer in the wilderness
D．wolves are afraid of people and never attack people
62．According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals，C．
A．they never eat strong and healthy ones
B．they always go against the law of nature
C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature
D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness
63．The last sentence"And everyone knows what happens next"implies that in such casesB．
A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away
B．woIves will kill people and people will in turn kill them
C．wolves wilI find enough food sources on famls
D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live．

7．LIPITOR

ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor is a prescription medicine．Along with diet and exercise，it lowers"bad，'
cholesterol（胆固醇）in your blood．It can also raise"good''cholesterol．
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，
including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smokin9．

WHO IS LIPITOR FOR？
Who can take LIPITOR：
．People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise
•Adults and children over l0
Who should NOT take LIPITOR：
．Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant．Lipitor may harm
your unborn baby．
．women who are breast-feeding．Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm
your baby．
•People with liver（肝脏）problems

POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR
Serious side effects in a small number of people：
．Muscle（肌肉）problems that can lead to kidney（肾脏）problems，including kidney failure
．Liver problems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start
Lipitor and while you are taking it．
Call your doctor right away if you have：
．Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very fired
．Swelling of the face，lips，tongue，and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or
swallowing
•Stomach pain
Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：
•Muscle pain
•Upset stomach
•Changes in some blood tests

HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO：
．Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor．
．Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor．
．Take Lipitor at any time of day，with or without food．
．If you miss a dose（一剂），take it as soon as you remember．But if it has been more than
12hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time．
Don't：
．Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor．
．Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor．

56．What is a major function of Lipitor？D
A．To help quit smoking．
B．To control blood pressure．
C．To improve unhealthy diet．
D．To lower"bad"cholesterol．
57．Taking Lipitor is helpful forC．
A．breast-feeding women
B．women who are pregnant
C．adults having heart disease
D．teenagers with liver problems
58．If it has been over 12hours since you missed a dose，you shouldD．
A．change the amount of your next dose B．eat more when taking your next dose
C．have a dose as soon as you remember D．take the next dose at your regular time
59．Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor？B
A．Face swelling．B．Upset stomach．
C．Kidney failure．D．Muscle weakness．
60．What is the main purpose of the passage？D
A．To teach patients ways for quick recovery．
B．To present a report on a scientific research．
C．To show the importance of a good lifestyle．
D．To give information about a kind of medicine．

试题分类