6．Harvard researchers have created a tough.low-cost.biodegradable material inspired by insects'hard ——青夏教育精英家教网——

6．Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable （可生物降解的） material inspired by insects'hard outer shells．The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic．The material，made from shrimp （'虾） shells and proteins produced from silk，is called"shrilk．"It is thin，clear，flexible and strong．
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability．Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and'60s．Decades later，however，plastic's very durability （耐用性） is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags，or short-lived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries．What is the point of making something that lasts 1，000years？
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic components are used as fertilizer（肥料），and so will enrich the soil．
Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said．Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants．That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material．
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab．The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet，so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments．They're also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for non-medical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home．They're even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers，to give it new properties．

66．Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk'sC．
A．remarkable design
B．interesting name
C．major features
D．basic elements
67．What has become a concern about plastic？A
A．Using it properly．
B．Producing it cheaply．
C．Developing its properties quickly．
D．Evaluating its contributions fairly．
68．According to the inventors，shrilk has great potential partly becauseD．
A．it can help plastic degrade
B．it can be found in living things
C．its mass production has been realized
D．its raw materials are abundant in mature
69．What are the inventors doing in the lab？B
A．Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk．
B．Testing ahrilk's use in wet conditions．
C．Making shrilk out of used household goods．
D．Improving shrilk's flexibility for medical purposes．
70．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？D
A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C．The Harm of One-time Products
D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic．

5．Choose Your One-Day Tours
Tour A-Bath & Stonchenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge-￡until 26March and￡39thereafter．
Visit the city with over 2，000years of history and Bath Abbey，the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum．Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5，000years．
Tour B-Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house一32until 12March and 36thereafter．
Oxford：Includes a guided of England's oldest university city and colleges．Look over the"city of dreaming spires（尖顶）"form St Mary's Church Tower．Stratford：Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder．
Tour C-Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace--£34until March and£37thereafter．
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court，Henry Mill's favourite palace．Free time to visit Windsor Castle（entrance fees not included）．With 500years of history，Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen．Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction．Visit the palace and its various historic gardens，which include the famous maze（迷宫）where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-£33．until 18 March and£37 thereafter．
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge，the famous university town，and the gardens of the 18th century．

33．Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city？B
A．Tour A B．Tour B C．Tour C D．Tour D
34．Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March？D
A．Windsor Castle & Hampton Court．
B．Oxford & Stratford
C．Bath &Stonehenge．
D．Cambridge．
35．Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction？A
A．It used to be the home of royal families．
B．It used to be a well-known maze
C．It is the oldest palace in Britain
D．It is a world-famous castle．

4．Metro Pocket Guide
Metrorail（地铁）
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out．Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer．
Farecard machine are in every station，Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to 5inchange．
GetoneofunlimitedMetrorailrideswithaOneDayPass．BuyitfromafarecardmachineinMetrostations．Useitafter9：30a．m．untilclosingonweekdays，andalldayonweekendsandholidays．
HoursofService
Open：5a．mMon-Fri          7a．m．Sat-Sun．
Close midnight Sun-Thur．
Lasttraintimevary．Toavoidmissingthelasttrain，pleasecheckthelasttraintimepostedinthestation．
Metrobus
Whenpayingwithexactchange，thefareis 1.35．when paying with a smatTrip? CARD the fare is $1.25
Fares for the Senior/disabled customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare．On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip? card．For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，farecard or SmarTripR card and passes，please visit MetroOpenDoors．com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000．
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100
Travel tips．
avoid riding during weekday rush periods-before 9：30 a．m．and between 4 and 6 p．m．if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195．

32．what should you know about farecard machine？D
A．Theystartsellingticketsat9：30a．m．
B．Theyareconnectedtochangemachines．
C．Theyofferspecialservicetotheelderly．
D．Theymakechangefornomorethan5．
33．At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday？B
A．At midnight     B．at 3a．m．C．at 5am   D．at 7p．m．
34．What is good about a SmarTrip?card？B
A．It is convenient for old people    B．It saves money for its users
C．it can be bought at any time       D．it is sold on the Internet．
35．Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro？A
A.202-962-1195                  B.202-962-1100
C.202-673-7000                  D.202-673-8000．

3．Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19：30on the first Thursday of each month except August．Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book．They end around 21：00．
November 7^th
The Canal Pioneers，by Chris Lewis．James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers．He was also a major player in training others in the art of nanal planning and building．Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early"civil enginerrs"．
December 5^th
Ice for the Metropolis，by Malcolm Tucker．Well before the arrival of freezers，there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering，Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells，and how London's ice trade grew．
February 6^th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals，by Liz Payne．The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopenling．The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer．We will have a report on the present state of play．
March 6^th
Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands，by Miranda Vickers．The Thames had many islands．Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them．She will tell us about those of greatest interest．
Online bookings：www．canalmuseum．org．uk/book
More into：www．canalmuseum．org．uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13New Wharf Road，London NI 9RT
www．canalmuseum．org．ukwww．canalmuseum．mobi
Tel：020 77130836

21．When is the talk on James Brindley？A
A．November 7th．
B．March 6th．
C．February 6th．
D．December 5th．
22．What is the topic of the talk in February？D
A．The Canal Pioneers．
B．Ice for the Metropolis
C．Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands
D．An Update on the Cotsword Canals
23．Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames？C
A．Chris Lewis
B．Malcolm Tucker
C．Miranda Vickers
D．Liz Payne．

2．Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too？Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself？Well，apparently it's because we have mirror neurons （神经元）in our brains．
Put simply，the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something，our brains imitate （模仿）it，whether or not we actually perform the same action．This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile，talk，walk，dance or play sports．But the idea goes further：mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions，they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people．
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains，but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages，and to understand how other people feel．Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language．A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to （for example："The hand took hold of the ball"），the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed （in this example，actually taking hold of a ball）．
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior．Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning．However，it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders．
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact（互动）．Indeed，it may turn out to be the equivalent （相等物）for neuroscience of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics．And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does-well，perhaps you'll understand why．

67．Mirror neurons can explainC．
A．why we cry when we are hurt
B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C．why we smile when we see someone else smile
D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
68．The underlined word"triggered"in the third paragraph probably means"A"．
A．set off B．cut off
C．built up D．broken up
69．We can learn from the passage that mirror neuronsA．
A．relate to human behavior and interaction
B．control human physical actions and feelings
C．result in bad behavior and social disorders
D．determine our knowledge and language abilities
70．What is the passage mainly about？D．
A．Ways to find mirror neurons．
B．Problems of mirror neurons．
C．Existence of mirror neurons．
D．Functions of mirror neurons．

1．Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages，causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative （负面的） consequences of a decision．
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways．
"Stress affects how people learn，"says Professor Mara Mather．"People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress．"
For example，two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images（影像） with either rewards or punishments．In one experiment，some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience； in the other，some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water．In both cases，the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress．
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress-at those moments，only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind．But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect．Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better，but negative consequences are also easily recalled．
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women．While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress，their responses to risk turn out to be different．
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way．In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big，men may tend to do better，when caution weighs more，however，women will win．
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men：they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction．

64．We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend toA．
A．keep rewards better in their memory
B．recall consequences more effortlessly
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
65．According to the research，stress affects people most probably in theirA
A．ways of making choices B．preference for pleasure
C．tolerance of punishments D．responses to suggestions
66．The research has proved that in a stressful situation，D．
A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B．men hav e a greater tendency to slow down
C．women focus more on outcomes
D．men are more likely to take risks．

8．-I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car．
-I know．By next month，he enough for a used one．（　　）

will have saved

7．Car Talk
When I got the driving license last summer，Mom and I took our first trip around an empty parking lot．Then I found that my mother was not the best teacher for me．It wasn't that she shouted，or told me that I was doing poorly．As you can imagine，my mother's"helpful instructions"only managed to make me more nervous．
Since I could no longer practice with her，the job was placed in the hands of my father．The idea of learning from Dad was not one that thrilled me．I loved him dearly，but I just did not see Dad as someone I could be comfortable learning from．He almost never talked．We shared a typical father-daughter relationship．He'd ask how school was，and I'd say it was fine．Unfortunately，that was the most of our conversations．Spending hours alone with someone who might as well have been a stranger really scared me．
As we got into the car that first time，I was not surprised at what happened．Dad and I drove around，saying almost nothing，aside from a few instructions on how to turn．As my lessons went on，however，things began to change．Dad would turn the radio up so I could fully appreciate his favorite Stones music．And he actually began talking．I was soon hearing about past failed dates，"basic body"gym class，and other tales from his past，including some of his first meeting with Mom．
Dad's sudden chattiness was shocking until I thought about why he was telling me so much in the car．In all the years that I had wondered why my father never spoke that much，I had never stopped to consider that it was because I had never bothered to listen．Homework，friends，and even TV had all called me away from him，and，consequently，I never thought my quiet father had anything to say．
Since I began driving with him，my driving skill has greatly increased．More important，though，is that my knowledge of who my father is has also increased．Just living with him wasn't enough-it took driving with him for me to get to know someone who was a mystery．

59．The author couldn't practice driving with her mother becauseC．
A．she couldn't talk with her mother
B．her father wanted to teach her
C．her mother made her nervous
D．she didn't trust her mother
60．At first，the idea of learning driving from her father made herB．
A．happy          B．uneasy
C．satisfied       D．disappointed
61．What surprised the author when the driving lessons went on？C
A．Her Dad liked modern music．
B．Her Dad was the best teacher．
C．Her Dad was a chatty person．
D．Her Dad told her his sad stories．
62．With her story"Car Talk"，the author indicates thatC．
A．fathers love their daughters dearly
B．mothers are less patient than fathers
C．family members need real communication
D．it takes time to improve the father-daughter relationship．

6．-How _____ you like the dishes，sir？
-Delicious．They _____ excellent here．Thank you．Well，can I have some tea now，please？（　　）

5．-一 The rain______fast and heavy．
---You should ______some shelter．Look at you，you are all wet，（　　）

	A．	is coming； find		B．	comes； have found
	C．	came； find		D．	came； have found

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