5．A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced grea——青夏教育精英家教网——

5．A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse．
　　The paper，published this March in Psychology and Aging，examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96．The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003．
　　Survey respondents （受访者） were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10，among other questions．
　　The researchers found that young adults （age 18 to 39）routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction，while middle-aged adults （age 40 to 64）more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future．Adults of 65 and older，however，were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction．Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would，the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio （比率） of disability and death for the study period．
"We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，"wrote Frieder R．Lang，a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg．
　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future．
"Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions （预防措施），"the authors wrote．
　　Surprisingly，compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes，respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline．Also，the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability．
　　The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions．Illness，medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes．
　　However，the researchers said a pattern was clear．"We found that from early to late adulthood，individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic，to accurate，to pessimistic，"the authors concluded．

67．According to the study，who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction？B
A．Optimistic adults．
B．Middle-aged adults．
C．Adults in poor health．
D．Adults of lower income．
68．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes peopleC
A．to fully enjoy their present life　　
B．to estimate their contribution accurately
C．to take measures against potential risks　　
D．to value health more highly than wealth
69．How do people of higher income see their future？A
A．They will earn less money．
B．They will become pessimistic．
C．They will suffer mental illness．
D．They will have less time to enjoy life．
70．What is the clear conclusion of the study？D
A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival．
B．Good financial condition leads to good health．
C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes．
D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age．

4．The technology is great．Without it we wouldn't have been able to put a man on the moon，explore the ocean's depths or eat microwave sausages．Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge．But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves．
　　Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients who've come into their surgery waving an Internet print-out，convinced that they have some rare incurable disease，say，throat cancer．The truth is usually far more ordinary，though：they don't have throat cancer，and it's just that their throats are swollen．Being a graduate of the Internet"school"of medicine does not guarantee accurate self-health-checks．
　　One day Mrs．Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work．While I took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong，she said calmly，"I know what's wrong； I've got throat cancer．I know there's nothing you doctors can do about it and I've just got to wait until the day comes．"
　　As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray．I looked at it and the blood results an hour later．Something wasn't right．"Did your local doctor do an X-ray？"I asked．"Oh，I haven't been to the doctor for years，"she replied．"I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted，so I knew that's what I had．"
　　However，some of her symptoms，like the severe cough and weight loss，didn't fit with it-but she'd just ignored this．
　　I looked at the X-ray again，and more tests confirmed it wasn't the cancer but tuberculosis （肺结核）-something that most certainly did need treating，and could be deadly．She was lucky we caught it when we did．
　　Mrs．Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered．It was certainly a lesson for her．"I'm so embarrassed，"she said，shaking her head，as I explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested．She listed up to about 20，and then I went to my office to type up my notes．Unexpectedly，the computer was not working，so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it．Typical．Maybe I should have a microwave sausage while I waited？

63．Mrs．Almond talked about her illness calmly becauseA
A．she thought she knew it well                    　　
B．she had purchased medicine online
C．she graduated from a medical school         　　
D．she had been treated by local doctors
64．It was lucky for Mrs．AlmondD
A．to have contacted many friends                　
B．to have recovered in a short time
C．to have her assumption confirmed
D．to have her disease identified in time
65．Mrs．Almond said"I'm so embarrassed"（Para.7）becauseB
A．she had distrusted her close friends
B．she had caused unnecessary trouble
C．she had to refuse the doctor's advice
D．she had to tell the truth to the doctor
66．By mentioning the breakdown of the computer，the author probably wants to proveC
A．it's a must to take a break at work　　
B．it's vital to believe in IT professionals
C．it's unwise to simply rely on technology　　
D．it's a danger to work long hours on computers．

3．We've reached a strange-some would say unusual-point．While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization （WHO），more people now die from being overweight，or say，from being extremely fat，than from being underweight．It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days．
　　Worse，nearly l8 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight．What's going on？
　　We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems．The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through-up to a point．
　　In the 1970s，Finland，for example，had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause．Not any more．A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades．
　　Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005，and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body．That has become a sort of fashion．No wonder it ranks as the world's most body-conscious country．
　　We know what we should be doing to lose weight-but actually doing it is another matter．By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise．More than half of us admit we lack willpower．
　　Others blame good food．They say：it's just too inviting and it makes them overeat．Still others lay the blame on the Americans，complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food．
　　Some also blame their parents-their genes．But unfortunately，the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape，or rather slim．
　　It's a similar story around the world，although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight．Parents are eager to see their kids shape up．Do as I say-not as I do．

59．What is the"strange"point mentioned in the first sentence？A
A．The good life is a greater risk than the bad life．
B．Starvation is taking more people's lives in the world．
C．WHO report shows people's unawareness of food safety．
D．Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO's efforts．
60．Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight？
C
A．A lot of effective diet pills are available．
B．Body image has nothing to do with good food．
C．They have been made fully aware of its dangers．
D．There are too many overweight people in the world．
61．The example of Finland is used to illustrateC
A．the cause of heart disease                       　　
B．the fashion of body shaping
C．the effectiveness of a campaign               　　
D．the history of a body-conscious country
62．Which would be the best title for the passage？A
A．Actions or Excuses？
B．Overweight or Underweight？
C．WHO in a Dilemma                              　　
D．No Longer Dying of Hunger．

2．Last summer，two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana，to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco．The houses were made of wood．These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil； now they hold Twitter engineers．
The cottages could be an example of the industry's odd love affair with"low technology，"a concept associated with the natural world，and with old-school craftsmanship （手艺） that exists long before the Internet era．Low technology is not virtual （虚拟的）-so，to take advantage of it，Internet companies have had to get creative．The rescued wood cottages，fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds，are an obvious example，but Twitter's designs lie on the extreme end．Other companies are using a broader interpretation （阐释） of low technology that focuses on nature．
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees，so that employees can"work and socialize in a more natural，park-like setting．"At Google's office，an entire floor is carpeted in glass．Facebook's second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail．
Olle Lundberg，the founder of Lundberg Design，has worked with many tech companies over the years．"We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives，and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished （贫乏的），because they're surrounded by the digital world，"he says．"They're looking for a way to regain their individual identity，and we've found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that．"
This craft based theory is rooted in history，William Morris，the English artist and writer，turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties，just after the Industrial Revolution．The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines．"Without creative human occupation，people became disconnected from life，"Morris said．
Research has shown that natural environments can restore（恢复） our mental capacities．In Japan，patients are encouraged to"forest-bathe，"taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure．
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well．Rachel Kaplvin，a professor of environmental psychology，has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environment．Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office-even simple views of trees and flowers-felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying．If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then，fine，bring on the cottages．

50．The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show thatD．
A．Twitter is having a hard time
B．old cottages are in need of protection
C．early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D．Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
51．Low technology is regarded as something thatA．
A．is related to nature          B．is out of date today
C．consumes too much energy         D．exists in the virtual world
52．The main idea of Paragraph 5is that human beingsB．
A．have destroyed many pre-industrial arts
B．have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C．can become intelligent by learning history
D．can regain their individual identity by using machines
53．The writer's attitude to"low technology"can best be described asA．
A．positive        B．defensive               C．cautious           D．doubtful
54．What might be the best title for the passage？C．
A．Past Glories，Future Dreams
B．The Virtual World，the Real Challenge
C．High-tech Companies，Low-tech Offices
D．The More Craftsmanship，the Less Creativity．

1．It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes．They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment．They pay $5for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks．
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions （性情），but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are，as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern．By observing our own behavior．We can be strangers to ourselves．If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior？If our minds were an open book，we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes．Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are．
Moreover，we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character-we infer characters that weren't there before．Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to recognize． Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't．Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us．We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition．
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make，people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance （符合） with their true desires．Therefore，we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice："We are what we pretend to be，so we must be careful about what we pretend to be．"
52．According to the passage，personalities and attitudes are commonly believed toA
A．determine one's behavior
B．reflect one's taste
C．influence one's surroundings
D．result from one's habits
53．Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with？A
A．The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty．
B．A kind person will offer his seat to the old．
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment．
D，One buys latte out of true love of coffee．
54．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage？B
A．We fall to realize our inner dispositions．
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures．
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires．
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships．
55，What does the author mainly discuss in the passage？C
A．Personalities and attitudes．
B，Preferences and habits．
C，Behavior and personalities．
D．Attitudes and preferences．

Many experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies．He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had．
He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment．Wilder was one of the first directors to do this．Between the middle l930s and the l980s，Billy Wilder made almost fifty movies．During that time he received more than twenty nominations（提名）from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences．He won six of the Oscar awards．His movies have been seen by people around the world．
    In l944，Billy Wilder made the film Double Indemnity．Some critics said this movie established him as one of the greatest Hollywood directors．Wilder directed The Lost Weekend in 1945．Ray Milland plays the part of an alcoholic writer in the movie．It shows that alcohol rules his life，yet he does not admit it．He hides alcohol in his home and says he is not drinking．
    In l950．Wilder made Sunset Boulevard．This movie told of an aging actress in silent movies．She plans to return to movies though facing many problems．In l954，Billy Wilder became an independent producer．The next year，Wilder's first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success．It was The Seven Year hch．In．this movie，a married mail wants to cheat on his wife with some of his friends．In l959，Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular．It was Some Like It Hot．It tells about two jazz musicians being chased by criminals．They decide to wear women's clothes and join a band in which all the musicians were women．
    Wilder died in March，2002．He was ninety-five．A current Hollywood producer said："Billy Wilder made movies that people will never forget．"

41．The text is mainly aboutD．
A．the background of American movies
B．the development of American movies
C．Wilder's attitude to American movies
D．Wilder's achievements in American movies
42．What was Wilder famous for according to Paragraph 2？B
A．His unique style of making movies．
B．Sharp remarks on society in his movies．
C．More than twenty awards he received．
D．Almost fifty movies he produced himself．
43．Which of the following made Wilder among the greatest Hollywood directors？A
A．Double Indemnity．     B．Sunset Boulevard．
C．The Lost weekend．     D．Some Like It Hot．
44．When was The Seven Year Itch made？D
A．In l944．    B．In l945．    C．In l954．   D．In l955．
45．The text is developed mainlyA．
A．by following time order    B．by making comparisons
C．by analyzing exact data    D．by giving instructions．

16．---What a terrible experience!________，you are safe now--that's the main thing．（　　）

15．Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate ___________ culture．（　　）

14．---The iphone6s has been on the market for some time．Have you got one？
---Yes，I __________ one during my visit to Hong Kong．（　　）

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