12．----Congratulations on your 18th birthday，Mark!Many happy returns!
----____（ ）
----____（ ）
| A． | My pleasure | B． | Good heavens | ||
| C． | Thanks a lot | D． | The same to you． |
11．-I went to the Australia Embassy yesterday to apply for a visa．
--Oh，you _____ that because you can apply on line．（ ）
--Oh，you _____ that because you can apply on line．（ ）
| A． | don't need to do | B． | mustn't do | ||
| C． | can't have done | D． | needn't have done |
10．---I haven't seen the new film X-Men：Days of Future Past yet．
---_____!It's about saving the future of mankind．Well worth watching．（ ）
---_____!It's about saving the future of mankind．Well worth watching．（ ）
| A． | Congratulations | B． | Well done | ||
| C． | You miss the point | D． | What a shame |
8．If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning，you would not detect interest in romance among the artists． （51）Instead，you would see plenty of animals with people running after them．Life for ancient people's earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals．
In modern times，when food is available in grocery stores，finding love is more （52）central in people's lives．The （53）proof is all around us．It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love．An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture．
Researchers are studying whether love，a highly valued emotional state，can be （54）created．They ask，what is love？Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth，but clean teeth go only so far．Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved．You have probably heard that opposites attract but that （55）similarities attract，too．One thing is certain：The truth about love is not yet set in stone．
First Impression
To help determine the （56）ingredients of attraction，researchers paired 164college classmates and had them talk for 3，6or 10minutes so they could get a sense of each other's individuality．Then students were asked to （57）predict what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners．After nine weeks，they reported what happened．
As it turned out，their （58）initialjudgements often held true．Students seemed to （59）distinguishat an early stage who would best fit into their lives．
The （60）NoseKnows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction．Many animals give off pheromones-natural chemicals that can be detected by，and then can produce a response in，other animals of the same species．Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling （61）opento partnerships．In contrast，humans do not seem to be as （62）gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals．Smell，however，does seem to play a part in human attraction．Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously，we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people．
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors，including seeing something we find attractive．Researchers had people judge faces for（63）attractiveness．The participants had 0.013seconds to view each face，yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces．The way we （64）assessattractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic．
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations，people responded to（65）positive words faster after viewing an attractive face．Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking．
In modern times，when food is available in grocery stores，finding love is more （52）central in people's lives．The （53）proof is all around us．It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love．An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture．
Researchers are studying whether love，a highly valued emotional state，can be （54）created．They ask，what is love？Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth，but clean teeth go only so far．Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved．You have probably heard that opposites attract but that （55）similarities attract，too．One thing is certain：The truth about love is not yet set in stone．
First Impression
To help determine the （56）ingredients of attraction，researchers paired 164college classmates and had them talk for 3，6or 10minutes so they could get a sense of each other's individuality．Then students were asked to （57）predict what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners．After nine weeks，they reported what happened．
As it turned out，their （58）initialjudgements often held true．Students seemed to （59）distinguishat an early stage who would best fit into their lives．
The （60）NoseKnows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction．Many animals give off pheromones-natural chemicals that can be detected by，and then can produce a response in，other animals of the same species．Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling （61）opento partnerships．In contrast，humans do not seem to be as （62）gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals．Smell，however，does seem to play a part in human attraction．Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously，we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people．
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors，including seeing something we find attractive．Researchers had people judge faces for（63）attractiveness．The participants had 0.013seconds to view each face，yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces．The way we （64）assessattractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic．
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations，people responded to（65）positive words faster after viewing an attractive face．Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking．
| 51．A．Instead | B．Therefore | C．Moreover | D．Otherwise |
| 52．A．romantic | B．stressful | C．central | D．beneficial |
| 53．A．priority | B．proof | C．possibility | D．principle |
| 54．A．tested | B．imposed | C．changed | D．created |
| 55．A．appearances | B．virtues | C．similarities | D．passions |
| 56．A．illustrations | B．imaginations | C．ingredients | D．instructions |
| 57．A．predict | B．investigate | C．diagnose | D．recall |
| 58．A．critical | B．initial | C．random | D．mature |
| 59．A．memorize | B．distinguish | C．negotiate | D．question |
| 60．A．Nose | B．Eye | C．Heart | D．Hand |
| 61．A．open | B．alert | C．resistant | D．superior |
| 62．A．disappointed | B．amazed | C．confused | D．gifted |
| 63．A．emotion | B．attractiveness | C．individuality | D．signals |
| 64．A．enhance | B．possess | C．maintain | D．assess |
| 65．A．familiar | B．plain | C．positive | D．insulting． |
6．Number sense is not the ability to count．It is the ability to recognize a （1）change in number．Human beings are born with this ability．（2）Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are，too．For example，many birds have good number sense．If a nest has four eggs and you remove one，the bird will not （3）notice．However，if you remove two，the bird （4）generally leaves．This means that the bird knows the （5）difference between two and three．
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's （6）amazing number sense．A man was trying to take a photo of a crow （乌鸦） that had a nest in a tower，but the crow always left when she saw him coming．The bird did not （7）return until the man left the tower．The man had an （8）idea．He took another man with him to the tower．One man left and the other stayed，but they did not（9）fool the bird．The crow stayed away until the second man left，too．The experiment was （10）repeated with three men and then with four men．But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were （11）gone．It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were （12）finally able to fool the crow．
How good is a human's number sense？It's not very good．For example，babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a（13）small group．But when the number goes beyond three or four，the children are （14）often fooled．
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world，and that our human （15）ability is not much better than a crow's．
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's （6）amazing number sense．A man was trying to take a photo of a crow （乌鸦） that had a nest in a tower，but the crow always left when she saw him coming．The bird did not （7）return until the man left the tower．The man had an （8）idea．He took another man with him to the tower．One man left and the other stayed，but they did not（9）fool the bird．The crow stayed away until the second man left，too．The experiment was （10）repeated with three men and then with four men．But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were （11）gone．It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were （12）finally able to fool the crow．
How good is a human's number sense？It's not very good．For example，babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a（13）small group．But when the number goes beyond three or four，the children are （14）often fooled．
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world，and that our human （15）ability is not much better than a crow's．
| 1．A．rise | B．pattern | C．change | D．trend |
| 2．A．Importantly | B．Surprisingly | C．Disappointedly | D．Fortunately |
| 3．A．survive | B．care | C．hatch | D．notice |
| 4．A．generally | B．sincerely | C．casually | D．deliberately |
| 5．A．distance | B．range | C．difference | D．interval |
| 6．A．amazing | B．annoying | C．satisfying | D．disturbing |
| 7．A．relax | B．recover | C．react | D．return |
| 8．A．appointment | B．excuse | C．idea | D．explanation |
| 9．A．fool | B．hurt | C．catch | D．kill |
| 10．A．reported | B．repeated | C．designed | D．approved |
| 11．A．confused | B．gone | C．tired | D．drunk |
| 12．A．gradually | B．luckily | C．strangely | D．finally |
| 13．A．single | B．small | C．local | D．new |
| 14．A．seldom | B．temporarily | C．merely | D．often |
| 15．A．sight | B．nature | C．ability | D．belief． |
4．In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one．The（36）problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of（37）rubbishbecause peopleare throwing out more rubbish than ever before．
How did we （38）becomea throwaway society？First of all，it is now easier to（39）replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it．（40）Thanksto modern manufacturing （制造业） and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively．Products are plentiful and（41）cheap．
Another cause is our（42）love of disposable （一次性的） products．As（43）brave people，we are always looking for（44）ways to save time and make our lives easier．Companies（45）produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few．
Our appetite for new products also（46）contributes to the problem．We are（47）addictedto buying new things．Advertisements persuade us that（48）neweris better and that we will be happier with the latest products．The result is that we（49）throwaway useful possessions to make room for new ones．
All around the world，we can see the（50）consequences of this throwaway lifestyle．Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger．To（51）decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect theenvironment52environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials．（53）However，this is not enough to solve （解决） our problem．
Maybe there is another way out．We need to repair our possessions（54）insteadof throwing them away．We also need to rethink our attitudes about（55）repairing．Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment．
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How did we （38）becomea throwaway society？First of all，it is now easier to（39）replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it．（40）Thanksto modern manufacturing （制造业） and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively．Products are plentiful and（41）cheap．
Another cause is our（42）love of disposable （一次性的） products．As（43）brave people，we are always looking for（44）ways to save time and make our lives easier．Companies（45）produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few．
Our appetite for new products also（46）contributes to the problem．We are（47）addictedto buying new things．Advertisements persuade us that（48）neweris better and that we will be happier with the latest products．The result is that we（49）throwaway useful possessions to make room for new ones．
All around the world，we can see the（50）consequences of this throwaway lifestyle．Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger．To（51）decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect theenvironment52environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials．（53）However，this is not enough to solve （解决） our problem．
Maybe there is another way out．We need to repair our possessions（54）insteadof throwing them away．We also need to rethink our attitudes about（55）repairing．Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment．
| 36．A．key | B．reason | C．project | D．problem |
| 37．A．gifts | B．rubbish | C．debt | D．products |
| 38．A．face | B．become | C．observe | D．change |
| 39．A．hide | B．control | C．replace | D．withdraw |
| 40．A．Thanks to | B．As to | C．Except for | D．Regardless of |
| 41．A．safe | B．funny | C．cheap | D．powerful |
| 42．A．love | B．lack | C．prevention | D．division |
| 43．A．sensitive | B．kind | C．brave | D．busy |
| 44．A．ways | B．places | C．jobs | D．friends |
| 45．A．donate | B．receive | C．produce | D．preserve |
| 46．A．adapts | B．returns | C．responds | D．contributes |
| 47．A．tired of | B．addicted to | C．worried about | D．ashamed for |
| 48．A．newer | B．stronger | C．higher | D．larger |
| 49．A．pick up | B．pay for | C．hold onto | D．throw away |
| 50．A．advantages | B．purposes | C．functions | D．consequences |
| 51．A．show | B．record | C．decrease | D．measure |
| 52．A．technology | B．environment | C．consumers | D．brands |
| 53．A．However | B．Otherwise | C．Therefore | D．Meanwhile |
| 54．A．by | B．in favour of | C．after | D．instead of |
| 55．A．spending | B．collecting | C．repairing | D．advertising． |