阅读理解。

When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.

If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual(个人的) e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?

This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer.

For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.

1.According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?

A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications.

B. More people in the world communicate by e-mail.

C. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.

D. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.

2.According to Paragraph 3, who is the final victim of spam?

A. The business B. The advertiser

C. The consumer D. The employee

3.What is the purpose of the text?

A. To inform B. To educate

C. To instruct D. To persuade

七选五。

All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.

1. They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player or team wins.

2. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! _3. Think how many lovers to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada.

Some sports or game go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. 4. Water-skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.

People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. 5. One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.

A. And think of people in cold countries.

B. Sports help to train a person’s character.

C. Not a few people participate in different sports competitions themselves.

D. Many people like to watch others play games.

E. People aren’t inventing new sports or games.

F. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere take part in them.

G. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.

完形填空.

Steve, a lawyer, is my older brother. In the _______ of my father who died when I was six, Steve gave me important instructions that helped me grow into an adult. For example, Steve taught me to face the _______ of my behavior. Once when I returned in _______ from a Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who _______ the time to ask me what happened. When I _______ that my baseball had flown through Mrs Holt's basement window, _______ the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to _______ to her. After all, I _______ not have played in the path between buildings. _______ my knees shocked as I explained, I _______ to pay for the window if she would return my ball.

I also learned from Steve that _______ property is a sacred thing. After I found a silver pen in my fifth?grade classroom, I wanted to _______ it, but Steve explained that it might be important to _______ else in spite of the fact that it had little value. He reminded me of _______ I'd hate to lose the small dog my father gave me. I returned the pen to my teacher, Mrs. David.

Yet of all the _______ Steve gave me, his respect for _______ is the most vivid in my mind. When I was twelve, I killed an old brown sparrow in the park with a BB gun. ________ with my accuracy, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to have a look. I shall never forget the _______ he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird. “Did it _______ you first, Mark？” he asked. I didn't know what to answer. I really felt terrible then, but that moment _______ out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.

1.A. charge B. absence C. respect D. presence

2.A. advantages B. reasons C. realities D. results

3.A. surprise B. tears C. joy D. smiles

4.A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid

5.A. insisted B. introduced C. declared D. explained

6.A. injuring B. damaging C. destroying D. breaking

7.A. Apologize B. recognize C. send D. offer

8.A. could B. must C. would D. should

9.A. Since B. Although C. Because D. But

10.A. refused B. offered C. afforded D. managed

11.A. personal B. valuable C. public D. whole

12.A. save B. keep C. pick D. return

13.A. no one B. everyone C. someone D. anyone

14.A. why B. when C. how much D. what

15.A. information B. explanation C. opinions D. instructions

16.A. life B. people C. family D. things

17.A. Proud B. Encouraged C. Relaxed D. Excited

18.A. way B. time C. place D. scene

19.A. affect B. interrupt C. hurt D. fight

20.A. stands B. reaches C. turns D. Holds

语法填空.

Most of us have been in both positions: the giver and the receiver. And while a certain amount of joy can be picked from being a receiver, 1. enormous amount of joy comes 2. giving.

I have been offered help and offered payment 3. certain things I do, and I almost always turn down such offers. I know I shouldn’t, but it’s a pride thing. I do expect payment when I do a regular job, 4. I just wish to help when I do something for someone. However, when we turn down offers for help, we do not realize it. But it actually hurts those 5. offer to help, and we are denying those people the chance 6. (feel) the joy of giving. Most people on this earth will not offer genuine help if they cannot do so. And if they do, they are motivated only by the desire to share 7. they have with others.

The next time you 8. (offer) help, no matter what that offer may be, do not turn 9. down! Swallow your pride and allow that helpful person the 10. (please) of giving! And when you can, pay it forward and bless back!

短文改错。

It is five years now since I graduate from No.3 High School. Last Saturday, the class that I was on held a get-together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a well time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people they were familiar with.It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad for further studies, but they calls back or sent greeting card from different places.

假如你是李华，你的笔友Mike从电视上得知前段时间北京多个地方出现雾霾(haze),非常担心，写E-mail询问有关情况，请回复。 1.实况描述; 2.对生活造成的影响 3.成因简析与教训; 4.你个人的情况。

要求：1.词数100-120;

2.email的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。,

Dear Mike,

Thank you very much for your concern.

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________

Yours,Li Hua

阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A、B、C、和D）中 ，选出最佳选项。

Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to declare war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.

One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. "We will rest here tonight, my men," he said. "Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win, or we will die."

They were all very tired so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, they fell asleep.

The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they went up the hill. Closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots up. In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fighting was hard, but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.

The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland like it so much that they made it their national flower.

1.At the shout of a Roman soldier, all the Scots who were asleep at the hill ________.

A. began to fight the Romans hard

B. stood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight

C. woke and rose immediately, ready to fight

D. put their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to fight

2.The result of the war is that ________.

A. the Romans killed all the Scots

B. the Scots were defeated

C. the Scots were driven out of Scotland

D. the Scots defeated the Romans

3.The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle ________.

A. is lovely, though not beautiful

B. gives them happiness

C. is a kind of useful plant

D. helped the Scots in wiping out the Roma

阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A、B、C、和D）中 ，选出最佳选项。

What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control over, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world?

That's an easy question, you say. Wherever you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. But in America, time is more than that. Americans see time as a valuable resource. Maybe that's why they are fond of the expression, "Time is money."

Because Americans believe time is a limited resource, they try to conserve and manage it. People in the U.S. often attend seminars or read books on time management. It seems they all want to organize their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners — some in electronic form — to keep track of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to squeeze more time out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best: "Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of."

To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people's time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology and an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation is, the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time.

To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in other cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies, people don't try to control time, but to experience it. Even Americans would admit that no one can master time. Time — like money — slips all too easily through our fingers. And time — like the weather — is very hard to predict. Nevertheless, time is one of life's most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun.

1.What’s the main topic of this passage?

A. What is time? B. Time among Americans.

C. Make good use of time. D. How to control time?

2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “conserve”?

A. protect B. develop

C. produce D. assist

3.The sentence "Americans seem tied to the clock" in paragraph 5 probably means ________.

A. Americans often carry a clock with them.

B. Americans can take control over time.

C. Americans often make full use of time.

D. Americans can not predict the time.

4.We can safely draw a conclusion from this passage that _________.

A. Americans have more time than others

B. by using pocket planners, people can have more time

C. for informal meeting, Americans often arrive 30 minutes earlier

D. Americans often attend seminars, because they want to use time better

阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A、B、C、和D）中 ，选出最佳选项。

To extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguishers have been invented. They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers.

Since fuel, oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.

Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used to cover a small fire.

A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.

The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.

1.If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?

A. Sand. B. Water.

C. A blanket. D. An extinguisher.

2.To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin(盆) in order to stop the fire is an example of ________.

A. cutting off the oxygen B. reducing the heat

C. removing the fuel D. separating the fire

3.In choosing how to put out a fire, we should first be clear about ________.

A. when it breaks out B. what kind it is

C. how it comes about D. where it takes place

4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. Another type of extinguishers B. Another class of fires

C. How fires break out. D. How fires can be prevented.

阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A、B、C、和D）中 ，选出最佳选项。

Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, power lines and wi-fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumors.

Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95 percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia (白血病). Also there’s a greater than 90 percent chance that cellphones can cause brain tumors. “It’s apparent now that there’s a real risk,” said Carpenter.

But others believe these concerns are unjustified. Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology(流行病学) at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones, ” said Linet. “We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger.”

Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs (电磁场) and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk.

1.From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because ________.

A. they have evidence that the use of cellphones can lead to cancer

B. they make a fuss over cellphone use

C. some experts have given a warning

D. cellphones are responsible for brain tumors

2.By saying “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” Dr Martha Linet has the idea that ________.

A. the worrying is unnecessary

B. cancer-warning labels should be on cellphones

C. there is a link between cellphones and cancer

D. cellphones have nothing to do with cancer

3.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate?

A. Optimistic. B. Objective.

C. Opposite. D. Casual.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. Cellphones: is there a cancer link?

B. There is a link between cellphone and cancer

C. A research on the cellphone

D. The cellphone and radiation epidemiology