题目内容

Who do you think breaks the law in our society? If you believe that only tough guys commit crimes, you may have to think again. Unlike in the movies, we can’t divide the world into bad guys and model citizens. Real life is much more complex. In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer, crimes vary in degree. For example, smoking in an elevator will inconvenience people, but much less than threatening them with a gun.
In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime. Why can we tolerate some crimes? It may be that, by seeing others do something, we accept it more easily. For instance, most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit. When people celebrate a sports championship, if they see someone breaking store windows, they might start breaking windows themselves or even steal from the store. So the people around us influence how much law-breaking we can tolerate.
We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should. We become used to seeing blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspapers and magazines. Because we see thousands of dead people on TV, maybe we just try to ignore the situation behind the violence.
If so many citizens tolerate violence and crime, or even commit crimes themselves, it may simply be because of the human mind. Our minds may not care about specific laws. Instead, our minds may have a system of values that usually prevents us from hurting other people to improve our own lives. Yet, when it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous (不知名的) individuals, we might not be so responsible. While most people would not steal a wallet containing $50, they may not mind cheating on taxes, because cheating on taxes does not hurt any one person. It hurts society, but “society” remains an abstract idea that is not as real as a neighbor or a friend’s friend.
When we realize that so many people have misunderstandings of law-breaking, it is not surprising that so many people tolerate crimes, or even break laws, including me. But how could we improve the level of honesty in our society? Would strict laws help make our society better? Probably not. Honesty will have to come from social pressure: in the family, at school, on the job, each and every one of us can encourage honesty by showing which behavior is unacceptable. And teaching respect should become everyone’s responsibility.
小题1:According to the author, “Real life is much more complex.” probably means       .
A．there is a wide range of people and crimes in the real life
B．smoking in an elevator goes against laws in the real life
C．there are much more crimes than diseases in the real life
D．some model citizens sometimes break laws in the real life
小题2:What does the author think of the people who cheat on taxes?
A．They take no notice of the human mind.
B．They break the laws unaccepted in their minds.
C．They aren’t concerned about some particular laws.
D．They hurt other people to improve their own lives.
小题3:People tolerate violence and crime because       .
A．their behavior is the same as that of most other people
B．they pay no attention to the truth behind the crimes
C．most unlawful acts are not harmful to the individual
D．they hold mistaken beliefs about law-breaking
小题4:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To discuss whether laws are strict enough.
B．To remind people to behave with honesty.
C．To show people the importance of education.
D．To explain why many people have criminal records.

小题1:A
小题2:Ｃ
小题3:Ｄ　
小题4:B

试题解析：文章叙述了在现实生活中出现的各种各样的犯罪以及人们对与犯罪的认知态度以提醒人们要诚信做人.
小题1:A句意猜测题。根据本句的前后文：你认为谁在我们的社会中是违法的？如果你认为只有粗暴的人犯罪，你可能要再想想。与电影不同，我们不能把世界分成坏蛋和好人。真实的生活要复杂得多。在疾病的范围从普通的感冒到致命的癌症一样，犯罪的程度也不同。例如，在电梯里吸烟会给人带来不便，但远低于用抢来威胁他们，这些内容说明真实生活的复杂指的是在现实生活中有各种各样的人会犯罪，所以A正确。
小题2:C细节推理题。根据第四段If so many citizens tolerate violence and crime, or even commit crimes themselves, it may simply be because of the human mind. Our minds may not care about specific laws如果如此多的公民容忍暴力和犯罪，甚至自己也犯罪，这可能是因为人的思想。我们的头脑不关心具体的法律，下文就以the people who cheat on taxes为例来说明这一点，所以C正确。
小题3:D细节推理题。根据最后一段When we realize that so many people have misunderstandings of law-breaking, it is not surprising that so many people tolerate crimes, or even break laws, including me当我们意识到这么多人对违法的误解，以致许多人容忍犯罪，这并不奇怪，甚至违反法律，包括我，可以判断D正确。
小题4:B主旨大意题，根据最后一段Would strict laws help make our society better? Probably not. Honesty will have to come from social pressure: in the family, at school, on the job, each and every one of us can encourage honesty by showing which behavior is unacceptable. And teaching respect should become everyone’s responsibility.严格的法律会使我们的社会更好吗？可能不会。诚实将不得不来自社会上的压力在家庭，在学校，在工作上，我们每一个人可以通过显示哪些行为是不可接受的来鼓励诚实。教授诚实是每一个人的责任，所以写作意图是：提醒人们要诚信做事，所以B正确。：
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Sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest hunger rate. But according to a new report, African farmers also have ideas that could help the world fight hunger and poverty. Danielle Nierenberg from the Worldwatch Institute in Washington spent a year visiting twenty-five countries south of the Sahara. In Nairobi, Kenya, for example, Ms Nierenberg found women farmers growing vegetables just outside their doorsteps in the Kibera settlement. She says they are finding ways to make their lives better. The women feed their families and sell their surplus. They use the money to send their children to school.
Last year, about 925,000,000 people worldwide did not get enough to eat. Half of all people in the world now live in and around cities. Researchers like Ms Nierenberg are looking increasingly at creative ideas to feed those who don’t have enough good food to eat. She says there are a lot of lessons that people in the Western world can learn from Africa. And what they are doing can certainly be done in other developing countries.
Farmers in the developing world lose between twenty and forty percent of their harvest before it ever reaches market. There are many reasons why food gets wasted. Farmers are without electricity and cold storage. They lack good seeds and fertilizer. They lack good roads. Conditions like these keep small farmers in poverty. Ms Nierenberg says more attention needs to be paid to protecting harvests. She says, “Given all that we invest in producing food in the first place, we need to devote the same amount of attention to making sure that it is not wasted.”
In Nigeria, village processing centers are helping farmers reduce their losses and earn more money. They centers process cassava, a root vegetable, into basic food products. In Uganda, the Worldwatch report says some schools are teaching children how to grow local kinds of crops. And in South Africa and Kenya the report praises the breeding(培育) of local kinds of livestock. These animals may produce less milk or meat than other breeds, but they can survive heat and drought conditions.
小题1:We could learn from the new report in Para.1 that         .
A．sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest hunger rate
B．African farmers have ideas to help fighting hunger and poverty
C．women farmers grow vegetables in the Kibera settlement
D．women farmers grow vegetables to send their children to school.
小题2:The underlined word “surplus” in Para.1 is closest in meaning to         .
A．private vegetablesB．side products
C．leftover vegetablesD．home-made products
小题3:Ms Nierenberg suggests that         .
A．the women spend more money on education instead of farming
B．more and more African people should live in and around cities
C．researchers find creative ideas to feed the people suffering hunger
D．people in the Western world do the same as the Africans have done
小题4:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Farmers in developing world often lose some of their harvest
B．Small farmers in developing countries often suffer poverty.
C．Farmers should pay more attention to protecting their harvest
D．Attention should be paid to saving food instead of producing food
小题5:The best title of this passage should be         .
A．A New Report About African Farmers Fighting Hunger
B．Creative Ideas to Feed Those Who Have No Enough Food
C．Looking to Africa for Ideas About How to Fight Hunger
D．Animals That Can Survive Heat and Drought Conditions
Ceaseless technology. A punishing workweek. That to –do list that keeps multiplying. It is no wonder many of us find it difficult to have a sufficient amount of sleep. But will sleeping more on the weekend make up for hours of lost snoozing (小睡)? One sleep expert, W. Christopher Winter raised the question.
Sleeping binge
Getting eight hours of shut-eye each night is generally recommended, but many people don’t. As the week rolls from Monday to Friday, they accumulate a sleep debt. Spending a few extra hours in bed on a Saturday morning, people assume, will help them “ catch up” on lost sleep. They’re likely right, “ Nobody knows how long the horizon is, probably a few nights, but studies show that recovery sleep in the short term does work,” says Dr. Winter, a member of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Sleep banking
Recent data suggests that banking sleep in advance of a long night can actually offset (补偿) upcoming sleep deprivation(丧失). If you knew you were going to have to stay up all night on a particular day, for example, you could sleep for 10 hours a day for multiple days before the event, and be fine, Dr. Winter says. Just plan ahead.
Routine (惯例的)naps
A scheduled nap is healthier than catching up on or banking sleep. “ Because sleep extension can make you feel groggy (昏昏沉沉), I always recommend a short nap [if a person feels they need it ], at the same time, every day,” says Dr. Winter. He adds that 25 minutes is ideal. “ When you schedule a short nap, your body anticipates it and slows down, without falling into a deep dream sleep,” he says. That refreshing, scheduled break is better than an occasional weekend lie-in. “ The body likes routine,” he says, “ When it’s prepared, it works more efficiently.”
小题1:From Monday to Friday, many people _________.
A．accumulate a sleep debtB．have no time to sleep
C．work hard to achieve their goalsD．have to stay up all nights
小题2:Research shows that in the short term________.
A．a nap have no effect on work
B．a nap have effect on work
C．recovery sleep does work
D．recovery sleep doesn’t work
小题3:If a soccer fan wants to stay up all night to watch two World Cup semi-finals, it may help if ________.
A．he keeps taking a nap for a week
B．he sleeps for 8 hours a day for days
C．he keeps sleeping for 2 days
D．he banks sleep in advance
小题4:What is better than banking sleep, according to Dr. Winter?
A．Sleeping bingeB．Recovery sleep
C．Scheduled napsD．Sleep extension
小题5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Sleep MattersB．Disadvantage of Sleeping Binge
C．Advantage of Routine NapsD．How to Sleep Well
No matter what type of business you run, it has to deal with situations in which things go wrong from your customer’s point of view. Complaints can be a great source of information for the organizations. So it’s important to learn to deal with customer complaints efficiently.
Firstly, listen actively to what the customer has to say by keeping comfortable eye contact and giving full attention with no interrupting. You should also show your customer that you do understand him.
Secondly, when receiving a complaint you should apologize for the failure the customer has identified. It’s important for you to know that your apology must appear authentic to the customer, and not an empty exercise. And also you should show the customer you’ve accepted the responsibility and provide him with choices if you have some in hand or otherwise assure the customer you’ll do something about his complaint.
Thirdly, talk with the consumer and discover the best means to resolve his problem. There will be times when, after gathering the facts of a situation, you’ll be unable to resolve the problem immediately. In this case it’s important to let your customer know how long it’ll take to take action on his complaint.
Fourthly, a simple “Thank you” is one way to let the customer know you appreciate the time and effort he has taken to inform you about a problem with your company’s service or product you need to know about.
Lastly, give your customer something that shows your appreciation for him giving the feedback to you. And let him know you’re sorry for the mistake that was made. It isn’t necessary to give something that is costly; but a coupon(赠券) for a free drink or movie is fine.
Your professional and well-organized method of dealing with your customer complaints is one more way that will make you stay ahead of your competitors.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Importance of dealing with customer complaints.
B．Effects of customer complaints on business.
C．Tips for handling complaints from customers.
D．Several factors resulting in customer complaints.
小题2:The author thinks that customer complaints _____________.
A．are easy to deal withB．are really quite annoying
C．can actually be avoidedD．are sometimes beneficial
小题3:The underlined word “authentic” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _______.
A．touchingB．believableC．attractiveD．clever
小题4:According to the passage, what is the first thing you should do when facing the customer complaints?
A．Showing sincere attitude.
B．Making an honest apology.
C．Making an absolute promise.
D．Listening to the complaint attentively.
In some countries, people eat rice every day._ they eat it two or three times a day, for breakfast, lunch and supper. They can _____ it, fry（煎）it or ______ it into rice noodles. They usually eat it ______ meat, fish and vegetables.
Some people do not eat some kind of______. Muslins, for example, do not eat pork, and Hindus do not eat beef. The Japanese eat a lot of fish. Japan is an island and its ____ go all over the  Pacific(太平洋) looking for fish to ______．The Japanese sometimes eat uncooked fish，and they also eat a lot of rice．
In______ such as Britain, Australia and the United States, the most important food is ______ or potatoes. People there usually make their bread from wheat flour(面粉). They  ______ potatoes in different ways． They can boil them，fry them and roast（烤）them．
In Africa，maize（玉米）is the most important food．______ rice and wheat，maize is a kind of cereal（谷物）． African people make the maize ______flour． From this flour they make ______ kinds of bread and cakes． Many Africans are very ______ and they can’t afford to eat much ______ with their cereal． Cereals are a very important kind of food ______ we also need plenty of vegetables and lots of fresh ______．
Some people eat ______fruit and vegetables． They do not eat meat or fish or ______ that comes from animals． They eat only food from ______． Some people say that food from plants is better for us than meat．
小题1:
A．SometimesB．SometimeC．Some timeD．Some times
小题2:
A．drinkB．eatC．haveD．boil
小题3:
A．makeB．turnC．changeD．eat
小题4:
A．asB．likeC．withD．together
小题5:
A．applesB．fishC．meatD．vegetables
小题6:
A．trainsB．planesC．fishing boatsD．life boats
小题7:
A．buyB．weighC．holdD．catch
小题8:
A．the worldB．countriesC．the eastD．developing countries
小题9:
A．breadB．cakeC．flourD．vegetables
小题10:
A．cookB．eatC．makeD．take
小题11:
A．LikeB．AsC．BeingD．With
小题12:
A．ofB．fromC．intoD．up to
小题13:
A．the sameB．differentC．everyD．each
小题14:
A．richB．poorC．strongD．weak
小题15:
A．meatB．maizeC．flourD．bread
小题16:
A．soB．asC．becauseD．but
小题17:
A．riceB．cakesC．fruitD．potatoes
小题18:
A．not onlyB．onlyC．besidesD．except
小题19:
A．somethingB．anythingC．porkD．beef
小题20:
A．plantsB．applesC．pigsD．fish
I’ve spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, I’ve learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesn’t mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what you’re doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺骗).
Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, you’ll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and one is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.
Rickshaws are one of my favorite ways to get around Indian cities, partly because it’s how the locals often travel. Auto-rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Auto-rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on distance.
If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip won’t set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.
The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between six and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between six and 22 rupees.
小题1: What is the author trying to do through this text?
A．Expect us to travel around Delhi.
B．Show his/her experiences in Delhi.
C．Give some advice of traveling in Delhi.
D．Explain the difficulties of traveling in Delhi.
小题2:What should you do to avoid being cheated when taking a taxi at the Delhi airport?
A．Go to a police-run booth.
B．Go out of the airport.
C．Show your ticket to the driver.
D．Pay more to the drivers to keep safe.
小题3:The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ______.
A．save some money
B．gain some unique experience
C．enjoy the comfortable trip
D．help the local rickshaw drivers
小题4:Which may be the topic that follows?
A．Car rentals in Delhi
B．Food and drink in Delhi
C．Weather conditions in Delhi
D．Hotel recommendations in Delhi
Yawning sends out certain messages -either “Oh，this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?
A new study, led by a research team at Princeton University, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.
The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.
When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched，which increases blood flow and may also help cool the brain
The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.
However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.
According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to understand better the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.
小题1:The purpose of the experiment is ______.
A．to find the frequency of people’s yawning
B．to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturally
C．to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equally
D．to show the real reason why people yawn
小题2:The information we get from Paragraphs 5 and 6 is that ______.
A．longer outdoor summertime results in more yawns
B．yawning frequency increases with outdoor time
C．yawning frequency changes with outdoor time
D．longer outdoor wintertime leads to fewer yawns
小题3:Acorrding to the text，people yawn more often ______.
A．when the air temperature is equal to the body
B．when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotter
C．when the air temperature is higher than the body
D．when the air temperature is lower outside the body
小题4:What could be the best title for the text?
A．Yawning Is A Sign of Brain Disease
B．Yawning Cools Your Brain
C．Yawning Benefits Your Body
D．Yawning Carries Some Information
Dear Michelle,
Why can't my daughter manage her life better? She is 17 and an honor student, but she seems to be wasting her life away with a boyfriend who is holding her back.
He consumes every waking minute of her precious time and smooth-talks her as well.
His goal is to get her to agree to go to the college of his choice, not her choice, and because his grades are lower, his choice will be limited.
I feel like I want to rescue her, but she pushes me away and shuts me out. She has only brought us pride and joy; and now this! Help!
A worried mother
Dear Mother of a 17-year-old Girl,
Hmmmmm. What's the matter with kids today? Remember that song from "Bye Bye Birdie"?
Well if you do not, let me fill you in about teenagers and their life-management skills. Do not expect too much too soon because at the ripe age of 17, life-management is not within their reach, nor should it be.
Life experience creates both the conditions and the skills for management, and if management went before experience, there would be little of it.
Your daughter is an honor student for good reasons. She is smart, studies with intelligence and you have given her good values.
When the time comes for her to apply for college, and she visits the ones that are specifically designed for students at the top of their grade, she will most likely break away from her boyfriend's influence.
It is rare for an honor student to change the path of their academic career for puppy love. That being said, there might be some adolescent wisdom in her behavior after all.
Perhaps she is choosing to worry you, her parents, for unconscious reasons. Being such a good girl and being a steady source of joy might have become a bit too much for her.
Let your daughter have her own private moment of 11th grade rebellion. She deserves a break from perfection.
Michelle
小题1:From the mother's letter we can learn that her daughter              .
A．is being fooled by the boy
B．has fallen behind in her studies
C．doesn't talk much with her mother
D．has chosen which college to attend
小题2:According to Michelle, 17-year-old teenagers              .
A．are too young to manage their life
B．are old enough to live their own life
C．should have management before experience
D．have reached the age of an adult
小题3:The underlined word "puppy-love" refer to          .
A．false loveB．foolish love
C．pure loveD．adolescent love
小题4:Michelle seems to believe that the daughter will finally          .
A．come up with the right decision
B．follow her boyfriend's advice
C．worry her parents for unconscious reasons
D．influence her boyfriend's behavior
小题5:The best title for the passage would be           .
A．College of kids' own choice
B．How can I help my girl?
C．How to manage teenagers' life?
D．A 17-year-old girl and her mother
What’s delicious, healthy to eat and comes in various colors? Eggplant! And no, it has nothing to do with chickens! This strangely named vegetable is, however, as versatile as an egg. It can be steamed, fried or baked. It can be eaten by itself or combined with meats and other vegetables.
Eggplant was first grown in India during the 5th century B.C. Its popularity soon spread to China and then throughout Asia. Finally, during the Middle Ages the vegetable made its way to Europe. At that time, eggplant was not the shiny purple vegetable most people know today. Instead, it was like a white egg. Due to this egg-like appearance, eggplant got its name. In its early days, the vegetable was so bitter that people often called it a “mad apple”. This nickname started because people believed its bitterness was bad for one’s health. People actually thought eggplant could cause insanity(精神错乱) and cancer.
Fortunately, today people know that eggplant doesn’t cause insanity or cancer. In fact, eggplant is so healthy that it may prevent cancer. In addition, the brain and the heart benefit from this supper vegetable. Since it is high in fiber, eggplant can also improve digestion.
Italy, Turkey, Egypt, China and Japan are the leading growers of eggplant in the world today. Depending on its location, eggplant may be purple, green, orange or yellow-white. And it can be as small as a tomato or as large as a cucumber. Dish diversities(多样性) range from simple to complex, with all of them being delicious!
Today, thousands of people are gathering in Loomis, Calif, for the 23rd annual Loomis Eggplant Festival. The main activity at the festival is eating delicious eggplant dishes. There is plenty more to do and see, though. Recipe contests, arts and crafts, performers, races and children’s activities all “egg-cite” festival-goers. Most people at the festival would agree — eggplant is an “egg-cellent” vegetable!
小题1:What does the underlined word “versatile” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．simple in shapeB．various in cooking
C．diverse in sizeD．flexible in price
小题2:Which of the following statements about eggplants is TRUE?
A. Eggplant was once misunderstood by the people for its bitterness.
B. Eggplant was introduced into Europe during the 5th century B.C.
C. Eggplant got its name for its nutrition which is as rich as an egg.
D. Eggplant looks like what it used to be in color and shape.
小题3:Eggplant is so healthy that it can _____________.
A．cure the cancer with certaintyB．do good to digestion
C．replace other vegetablesD．help relieve insanity
小题4:The diversities of eggplant reflect in many aspects EXCEPT _____________.
A．colorsB．sizesC．dishesD．nutrition
小题5:The passage mainly tells us about __________________.
A．the 23rd annual Loomis Eggplant Festival
B．the general introduction of eggplant
C．the origin of eggplant
D．the benefits of eggplant

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