There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. In 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
　　In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
　　An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
　　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste（阶级） may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. An inactive society may result.
【小题1】What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.

B．To explain the science of economics.

C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.

D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.

【小题2】In the second paragraph, the underlined word “real” could best be replaced by _______.

A．valuable

B．concrete

C．absolute

D．reliable

【小题3】According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ______.

A．rapid speed of transactions	B．misunderstandings
C．inflation	D．difficulties for the traders

【小题4】According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?

A．Individual households.	B．Small businesses.
C．Major corporations.	D．The government.

【小题5】Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion（标准）for determining a person’s position in a traditional society?

A．Family background	B．Age
C．Religious beliefs.	D．Custom

【小题1】A
【小题1】B
【小题1】D
【小题1】D
【小题1】B

解析【小题1】主旨题:从文章第一段的主题句Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. 可知文章主要对比三种不同的经济体系.选A
【小题1】猜词题:从单词后面的例子:such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other.说明答案是B,具体的.
【小题1】推理题:从第二段的句子:Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.说明会产生困难.选 D
【小题1】细节题:从第三段的句子:The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption.说明管理系统中政府有最大的控制权.选D
【小题1】排除题:从最后一段的句子In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom.可知 B不在内.

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Yearly influenza epidemics can 3 affect all age groups, but the highest risk of complications occur among children younger than age two, adults age 65 or older, and people of 4 age with certain medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolic diseases, or weakened immune systems.

Seasonal influenza 5 easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes or businesses and towns. When an 6 person coughs, infected droplets get into the air and another person can breathe them 7 and be exposed. The virus can also be spread by hands infected with the virus. 8 transmission, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, and 9 their hands regularly.

Drugs for influenza are 10 in some countries and effectively prevent and treat the illness. Some influenza viruses develop 11 to the antiviral medicines, limiting the effectiveness of treatment.

Influenza epidemics occur 12 during autumn and winter in temperate regions. Illnesses result in hospitalizations and deaths mainly among high-risk groups. Worldwide, these annual epidemics result in about three to five million 13 of severe illness, and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths.

Influenza can cause serious public health and economic problems. In 14 countries, epidemics can result in high levels of worker absenteeism and productivity 15 . 16 most people recover from a bout(轮) of influenza, there are large numbers of people who need hospital treatment and many 17 die from the disease every year. 18 is known about the effects of influenza epidemics in developing countries.

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( ) 1. A. its B. it’s C. all D. other

( ) 2. A. cause B. lead C. result D. bring

( ) 3. A. lightly B. slightly C. seriously D. heavily

( ) 4. A. all B. any C. no D. both

( ) 5. A. goes B. spreads C. comes D. happens

( ) 6. A. to infect B. infecting C. infected D. infect

( ) 7. A. off B. away C. out D. in

( ) 8. A. To prevent B. To protect C. To prepare D. To prefect

( ) 9. A. wash B. washing C. to wash D. washed

( ) 10. A. free B. available C. useful D. helpful

( ) 11. A. assistance B. resistance C. consistence D. preference

( ) 12. A. monthly B. weekly C. daily D. yearly

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( ) 14. A. developed B. developing C. big D. small

( ) 15. A. lose B. losses C. loose D. lost

( ) 16. A. For B. Because C. While D. Whether

( ) 17. A. / B. which C. do D. who

( ) 18. A. Little B. Much C. Few D. Lot

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I fell in love with England because it was quaint （古雅）—all those little houses, looking terri??bly old-fashioned but nice, like dolls’ houses．I loved the countryside and the pubs, and I loved London．I’ve slightly changed my mind after seventeen years because I think it’s an ugly town now．

Things have changed. For everybody, England meant gentlemen, fair play, and good man??ners．The fair play is going, unfortunately, and so are the gentlemanly attitudes and good man??ners—people shut doors heavily in your face and politeness is disappearing．

I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places．You’re forced to live indoors．In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs．To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman．The cafes are not terribly nice．

As a woman, I feel unsafe here．I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public trans??port after 10 p．m．I used to use it, but now I’m afraid．

The idea of family seems to be more or less non-existent in England. My family is well united and that’s typically French．In Middlesex I had a neighbour who is 82 now．His family only lived two miles away, but I took him to France for Christmas once because he was always alone．

The writer doesn’t like London because she ______．

A．is not used to the life there now

B．has lived there for seventeen years

C．prefers to live in an old-fashioned house

D．has to be polite to everyone she meets there

Where do people usually meet their friends in England?

A．In a cafe． B．In a restaurant． C．In a nightclub. D．In a pub．

The underlined part “it” （in Par A．4） refers to______．

A．a taxi B．the money C．a bomb D．public transport

The writer took her neighbour to France for Christmas because he ______．

A．felt lonely in England B．had never been to France

C．was from a typical French family D．didn't like the British idea of family

This is a dangerous world we live in. The number of murders goes up every year, people are dying of cancer, more people contract HIV, more teens are using drugs, ect. You know this because you’ve heard all the statistics on the news and in the paper. But do you really have an accurate idea what they mean? The numbers are going up, but how do they compare to the growth in population? Are more cases of these diseases being reported because of better testing techniques, or are the diseases more common? The fact is that without knowing the background statistics mean very little.

This growing trend of reporting only part of the information is becoming dangerous. For example, several years ago a high school student reported the dangers of the chemical known as dihydrogen monoxide. This chemical, found in most cancerous tumors, is often found in the blood of people drunk on alcohol, and causes complete physical and mental dependence for those who take the chemical even once. After reading his report, more than 75% of his Advanced Placement Chemistry class voted to forbid this dangerous chemical! Every one of the above statement is true, yet this chemical is necessary to all life on earth. The students made a mistake because they voted knowing only a few statements and statistics, rather than the chemical’s full background.

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information?

Disapproving B. Positive C. Indifferent D. Dangerous

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A. We are now living in a dangerous world.

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A. To argue that high school students are easily persuaded.

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C. To show the danger of reporting only part of the information.

D. To warn us of the harmful substance around us.

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A. it is not important

B. the author is trying to show what he or she says is true

C. readers will consider other important information

D. readers are able to form an opinion with half-truths

What can we learn from the passage?

A. Some measures must be taken to protect our dangerous world.

B. The growing trend of reporting only half-truths is getting out of control.

C. Teenagers ought to improve their ability of telling right from wrong.

D. We should learn to think critically and look at problems from all sides.

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阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3个单词。

What causes traffic jams? Too many cars，right? No! Some Brits are now saying that trafficlights are to blame for much of the congestion.

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A report from the Institute of Economic Affairs，a UK think tank（智囊团），argues that

abolishing traffic signals would decrease congestion，reduce exhaust（废气）emissions（排放）and improve safety．

The report said that removing lights should also prevent other bad behavior caused by signals．such、as speeding up to catch a green light It would also avoid the wasted time when drivers have to sit at a red light even if no one is using the green

The idea may sound strange，but it’s not new．Seven cities and regions in Europe are experimenting with no-lights roads．

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There have been small collisions but no problem，said Hans Monderman，creator of the scheme．“We want small accidents，in order to prevent serious ones．It works well because it’s dangerous．The driver has to be responsible for his or her own risk

“The many rules take away the ability to be considerate”Monderman added．“We’re losing our responsibility for socially responsible behavior．”

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Tony Ooostward，70，was equally enthusiastic．“I am a walker and now you are the boss at the crossroads，everyone waits for you．But at the same time walkers wait until there are a number of people wanting to cross at the same time．”

Owen Paterson，UK’s Shadow Transport Minister。visited Drachten．He said Britain should learn from the model．“The idea is to create space where there is mild anxiety among everyone so they all behave cautiously．No one drives fast along a busy street thinking that they have right of way．”

The model is being tested in London’s Kensington neighborhood．

Last year my wife and I spent a most interesting month in Turkey. Before we left, we were reminded of the difficulties of driving in Turkey. We certainly did not find this to be the case and, except for a few places in faraway mountainous areas, the roads were wide, and well-paved (铺). We drove for 12 days along the Western Coast of Turkey and had no problems at all. We found the Turkish drivers very polite and well-educated. We also found that eating lunch in the smaller towns was difficult so we picnicked almost every day.

The following day after our arrival was Turkey’s Children’s Day, started by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Ataturk loved children and he often said, “Children are a new beginning of tomorrow.” He even devoted the day 23rd of April to the children which today is celebrated as Children’s Day as well as the date when the Republic of Turkey was founded.

On that day certain children are picked to take over the places of the government, and a lucky kid will be the president of Turkey for a whole day. He can decide what’s going to happen and whether or not he is going to have the president next to him. There are a very large number of possibilities of things he can do but some shops aren’t open because they are celebrating the day as well.

All in all, it was a more enjoyable trip. I would recommend (推荐) a trip to Turkey to anyone with an adventurous spirit!

Before the author and his wife went on a trip to Turkey, they were told that ________.

A. it was difficult to travel in Turkey

B. it was not easy to drive in Turkey

C. the streets in Turkey were dangerous

D. there were many mountain roads

What do we know from the first paragraph?

A. Places in mountainous areas were difficult to reach.

B. It took the couple 12 days to drive to Turkey.

C. The Turkish drivers had good manners.

D. It was difficult to eat meals in Turkey.

The underlined word “He” in paragraph 3 refers to “________”.

A. everyone of us B. the government

C. the president of Turkey D. the lucky child

What can be inferred(推断) from the passage?

A. The couple had little difficulty making their way in Turkey.

B. Turkey doesn’t celebrate International Children’s Day.

C. The author joined in celebrating Turkey’s Children’s Day.

D. On Turkey’s Children’s Day, everyone had holidays.

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