What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).

He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.

Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.

1.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.

B. He is interested in problems that are explained.

C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

D. He looks for new ways of acting.

2.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT______.

A. easily believe in unchecked statements.

B. easily criticize others' research work.

C. always use his imagination in work.

D. always use evidence from observation.

3.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?

A. complete B. concrete

C. complicated D. confusing

4. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology.

B. Progress in modern society.

C. Successful scientists' ways of thinking and acting.

D. How to become a successful scientist.

With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.

How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.

I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don't get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?

Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.

1.According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________.

A. it makes people more confident

B. it can pick up people' s spirits

C. it can help rid the cruelty in the world

D. it can help people get on well with others

2.The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________.

A. explaining carefully B. speaking loud

C. keeping silent D. laughing hard

3.In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________.

A. talk about his own understanding of humor

B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life

C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life

D. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life

4.What is the author' s attitude towards the present world?

A. Positive. B. Critical.

C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent.

Filmmaker Jennifer Nelson had to pay $1,500 to have “Happy Birthday to You” sung in the movie she’s making. The money went to Warner Music Group, a company that claims to own the copyright on the song. A copyright is the legal right to use or sell a creative product such as a song, a TV show, a book, or a work of art. Warner has claimed the copyright for “Happy Birthday to You” since 1988.

“I never thought the song was owned by anyone,” Nelson said in an e-mail to The New York Times. “I thought it belonged to everyone.”

Nelson’s movie is a documentary(纪录片)— a film that uses pictures and/or interviews with people to create a factual report of real-life events — and is actually about the history of the “Happy Birthday” song itself.

Two sisters named Mildred and Patty Hill wrote a song called “Good Morning to All” in 1893. Over a short period of time, people began to sing the words “happy birthday to you” in place of the original lyrics to the tune of the Hill sisters’ song.

A number of history experts say that there is no record of who actually wrote the “Happy Birthday to You” lyrics(歌词). Historians also say there is no way to know when the general public began singing the “Happy Birthday” song, but they believe it was being sung by the public long before it was printed and owned by a company.

Nelson’s lawyers say this piece of music’s history proves that “Happy Birthday to You” belongs to everyone in the general public. That would mean Warner Music Group has no right to charge anyone a fee to sing the song in any setting.

Experts estimate that Warner/ Chappell, the publishing division of the Warner Music Group, has made about $2 million a year from licensing fees for “Happy Birthday to You.”

Nelson’s lawyers are asking a court in New York City to order Warner/Chappell to return fees they have collected over the past four years for use of the “Happy Birthday” song.

1.Jennifer Nelson had to pay Warner Music Group to ____________.

A. own the copyright on a song

B. have it write a song for her movie

C. have it play a song in her movie

D. have a song sung in her movie

2.The history experts’ statement can prove that the “Happy Birthday” song ____________.

A. does not belong to Warner Music Group

B. has more than 200 years’ history

C. was initially owned by another company

D. has always been very popular

3.According to Nelson’s lawyers, to sing the “Happy Birthday” song, people ____________.

A. should pay the Hill sisters

B. should pay Warner Music Group

C. need not pay for any purpose

D. need not pay except for commercial use

4.If the court supports Nelson’s lawyers’ claim, ____________.

A. she can obtain the copyright on the song

B. Warner will return about $8 million

C. Warner will have to pay her for her damages

D. she only needs to pay a little money to use the song

完形填空

My name is Wang Gang. Last summer, I went to a coastal city called Brisbane in Australia on an exchange(交换) program. I stayed with Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their daughter Joan. They lived in a big house close to the . I like that area very much, because there is a cinema, a swimming pool and a .

I got along very well with Joan. We shared many interests. Almost every day, we went swimming in the swimming pool. Sometimes we swam in the sea if the was nice. We went to the zoo and I really seeing those wild animals and the ones. I saw those cute koalas and kangaroos, but I didn't get close to them people said actually koalas were not as gentle as they . They might bite people. We also went to the cinema a couple of times and I really liked the films there.

We visited Sydney on a sunny day. Brisbane is about 1 000 kilometres from Sydney, so it's not a short distance. , we went there by plane. The journey by plane was quite fast and________ and it took us only two hours to get there. When I got the plane, I was so excited to see this modern city. The next day, we visited the famous Sydney Opera House. It was amazing!

The in Sydney was absolutely beautiful and the food there was well-cooked. My favourite was sea fish. The Smiths were very nice to me. They even ________ me to some very expensive lobster(龙虾). That was the first time I ________lobster, and I ________ say it was really delicious.

The whole trip was very enjoyable ________ the last day. We planned to go boating on the sea. However, it rained the whole day. We ________ in the hotel that day and chatted. In the end, we decided to go back to Brisbane by ________ , because the ticket was cheaper and also we could enjoy the scenery outside the train windows.

On the whole, I really had a great time in Australia. It was a ________ trip. I'd like to go back there again!

1.A. cave B. seaside C. river D. farm

2.A. school B. park C. garden D. zoo

3.A. similar B. intelligent C. patient D. unreliable

4.A. diploma B. nuisance C. facility D. weather

5.A. admitted B. avoided C. enjoyed D. considered

6.A. abandoned B. trained C. injured D. killed

7.A. because B. unless C. while D. once

8.A. sounded B. looked C. touched D. smelt

9.A. far B. in C. around D. away

10.A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile

11.A. comfortable B. disappointing C. boring D. astonishing

12.A. on B. over C. up D. off

13.A. discipline B. diamond C. scenery D. summary

14.A. brought B. allowed C. hesitated D. treated

15.A. ate B. eat C. had eaten D. was eating

16.A. must B. shall C. may D. might

17.A. beside B. besides C. except D. for

18.A. floated B. contacted C. spent D. remained

19.A. bus B. train C. ship D. plane

20.A. brilliant B. enthusiastic C. energetic D. annoying

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