题目内容
【题目】【改编】Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”
Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist . He views mankind as grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.
Here’s how he explains his views.
1）Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.
3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well- meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.
【1】What does “blue” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Anxious. B. Depressed.
C. Curious. D. Positive.
【2】What is Ridley’s recent book about?
A. Facts about human progress.
B. Opinions about climate change.
C. Importance of reducing pollution.
D. Protection of environment.
【3】Which is the writer’s opinion?
A. The earth will no long fit to live on if we don’t take action to protect the earth.
B. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.
C. The price of everything is growing higher and higher.
D. People mustn’t use fossil-fuel for environmental protection.
【4】According to the writer , One reason why humans live longer is that_____.
B. people pay more attention to health
C. people can eat better food without spending much money
D. climate becomes much warmer
【5】The author develops the passage mainly by_____.
A. Topic- Explanation
B. Explanation ---Conclusion
C. Argument --- Topic ---Conclusion
D. Conclusion - Topic
【答案】
【1】B
【2】A
【3】B
【4】C
【5】A
【解析】
试题分析:当你感到抑郁，心情不畅的时候，作家Matt Ridley鼓励你要“Cheer up”。他认为世界是一个前所未有的美好的居住地，而且它将更加适宜人类和生物的居住。在本文中他称自己是积极的乐观主义者，而且向读者阐述了自己的几种看法。
【1】B词义猜测题。根据首段Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley.可知blue指情绪低落的，选B。
【2】A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good．And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book．可知Ridley自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，他在近期的书中搜集了一些证据向人们证明人们应该乐观，故选A。
【3】B细节理解题。根据文章Shopping fuels invention 部分The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.判断选B。
【4】C推理判断题。根据Brilliant advances部分One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.可知人们花更少的钱可以得到更好的物品食品，故选C。
【5】A推理判断题。本文开头提出自己是一个理性的乐观主义者，并且这些观点在近期的书中以全新的视角向人们进行了证明，然后从三方面进行了介绍，由此判断文章是总分的结构，选A。
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