题目内容

【题目】When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars.

A true carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a we should prove it. ，the better friends you are, the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the can be what you don’t want an end to finish the relationship.

The good news is that most troubled friendships can be .First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when are brought out in the open. Second，_ _when you’re wrong－even if you’ve been . Over the course of friendship， the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a to admit that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your point of view. And accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Making friends can sometimes seem . The hard part is __ _the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture (培养)．

【1】A. friendship B．love C．relationship /span>D．care

【2】A. wealth B．gold C．jewellery D．treasure

【3】A. Personally B．Naturally C．Unfortunately D．Luckily

【4】A. result B．pace C．future D．minute

【5】A. finished B．mended C．changed D．prevented

【6】A. discussions B．questions C．differences D．interests

【7】A. admit B．punish C．flee D．apologize

【8】A. blamed B．wronged C．punished D．praised

【9】A. still B．even C．yet D．ever

【10】A. takes B．gives C．gets D．makes

【11】A.reason B．cause C．chance D．time

【12】A. brother’s B．father’s C．enemy’s D．friend’s

【13】A. properly B．finally C．really D．merely

【14】A. difficult B．hard C．easy D．likely

【15】A .keeping B．letting C．proving D．remaining

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】C

【4】A

【5】B

【6】C

【7】D

【8】B

【9】B

【10】A

【11】C

【12】D

【13】B

【14】C

【15】A

【解析】

试题分析：当被问到人生中什么最重要时，人们往往会提到友谊。的确，友谊能照亮我们的人生，但是友谊越深厚，就越可能有分歧。本文主要讲述了当友谊出现分歧和裂痕时，如何去挽救处于崩溃边缘的友谊。在本文中作者给出了几条建议，比如把分歧坦白地讲出来，就能够取得彼此的谅解，能挽救这段友谊。

【1】A名词辨析。A. friendship友谊； B．love 爱； C．relationship 关系； D．care关心。在下文中多次提到friends，friendship等，而且根据全文内容可知文章的中心内容是谈论友谊，故答案选B。

【2】D．名词辨析。A. wealth 财富； B．gold 黄金； C．jewellery 珠宝； D．treasure宝藏，珍宝。从情理可知真正的友谊是一种财富，wealth是不可数名词，而gold和jewellery指具体的物品，故答案选D。

【3】C副词辨析。A. Personally个人地； B．Naturally 自然地； C．Unfortunately不幸地； D．Luckily幸运地。上文提到友谊是一种财富，而下文表述的内容却是好朋友之间容易产生分歧，所以这是不幸的事情，选C。

【4】A名词辨析。A. result 结果； B．pace 步伐，脚步；C．future未来； D．minute分钟。根据句子后部分内容可知这是朋友之间产生分歧后造成的结果，选A。句意：结果可能就是你所不希望的情况---友谊的结束。

【5】B动词辨析。A. finished 完成； B．mended 修理； C．changed改变； D．prevented防止。上文提到朋友间产生分歧后容易出现友谊的破裂，而此处的“good news”暗示友谊可以重新获得或者裂痕可以弥补，故答案选B。

【6】C名词辨析。A. discussions讨论； B．questions 问题；C．differences 不同，区别； D．interests兴趣，利益。根据上文内容可知友谊的破裂往往是因为朋友间出现的“disagreements.”，所以当所有的分歧被当面提出来后，一切就可以解决了，选C。

【7】D动词辨析。A. admit承认； B．punish惩罚； C．flee逃离； D．apologize道歉。根据情理可知做错了事情要道歉，而且下文中的When you apologize，也是提示信息，填D。

【8】B动词辨析。．A. blamed责备； B．wronged 冤枉； C．punished惩罚； D．praised表扬。根据前句内容和even if“即使，尽管”可以判断作者建议人们做错事情的时候要道歉，即使是被冤枉的时候也要主动道歉，这样有益于友谊的保持，下文中的the wronged person也是提示信息，故答案选B．

【9】B副词辨析。A. still仍然； B．even甚至； C．yet 然而；D．ever曾经。从语境判断作者指任何人都会犯错，即使是最优秀的人也一样，此处表示一种让步关系，故答案选B。

【10】A动词辨析。A. takes 带走； B．gives 给予；C．gets 得到； D．makes制成。固定短语：take the lead“领头，带头”。选A。句意：有时候，如果被冤枉的人首先道歉的话，可能会有更好的结果。

【11】C名词辨析。A. reason 原因；B．cause 缘由，起因；C．chance 机会； D．time时间。从语境判断此处指给对方一个承认错误的机会，短语：a chance to do sth，其他不符合语境。

【12】D名词辨析。A. brother’s 兄弟的； B．father’s 父亲的； C．enemy’s敌人的； D．friend’s朋友的。从上文可知文章讲述的是如何修复出现分歧的友谊，所以应该从朋友的角度去看问题，选D。

【13】B副词辨析。A. properly 恰当地；B．finally 最终，最后；C．really 真正地； D．merely仅仅，只。根据上文引起几条建议的连接词First，second ，Third，可以判断此处填finally，表示顺序。

【14】C形容词辨析。A. difficult 困难的； B．hard 艰难的； C．easy 容易的； D．likely可能的。根据后句中The hard part可以判断此处指交朋友容易，但是保持友谊难，选C。

【15】A动词辨析。A. keeping 保持；B．letting 出租，让； C．proving证实； D．remaining剩下。从上文讲述的内容可知交朋友容易，但是坚守一份友谊不容易，友谊的维持需要双方的努力，所以填A。

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【2】The underlined word naysayer in the last paragraph refers to a person who always _____.

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【3】According to the text, how can people understand each other better?

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【4】The passage mainly talks about ______.

A. the power of words

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【题目】But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?

An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.

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The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.

The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.

Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.

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It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)

From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.

The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.

The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.

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A. the first year B. the second year

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【2】The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.

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【4】Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?

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D. The reasons are far from clear and definite.

【5】Which of the following may serve as the best title?

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B. Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning

C. Different Sorts of Measurement Issues

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【题目】【改编】Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist . He views mankind as grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.

Here’s how he explains his views.

1）Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.

2) Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.

3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well- meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.

【1】What does “blue” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Anxious. B. Depressed.

C. Curious. D. Positive.

【2】What is Ridley’s recent book about?

A. Facts about human progress.

B. Opinions about climate change.

C. Importance of reducing pollution.

D. Protection of environment.

【3】Which is the writer’s opinion?

A. The earth will no long fit to live on if we don’t take action to protect the earth.

B. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.

C. The price of everything is growing higher and higher.

D. People mustn’t use fossil-fuel for environmental protection.

【4】According to the writer , One reason why humans live longer is that_____.

A. people can be treated immediately

B. people pay more attention to health

C. people can eat better food without spending much money

D. climate becomes much warmer

【5】The author develops the passage mainly by_____.

A. Topic- Explanation

B. Explanation ---Conclusion

C. Argument --- Topic ---Conclusion

D. Conclusion - Topic

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