题目内容

9．Around the world，a lot of fresh water basins lie underground．These groundwater basins are like banks．Now，changes in climate and human water usage are emptying those groundwater basins，a new study finds．And it's happening at a worrying rate．Of Earth's 37largest groundwater basins，21of them lose more water each year than they gain．The conclusion is troubling．That's according to the study coauthor Sasha Richey．About 2billion people drink water from underground water basins．Crops also need such water to grow．
People get groundwater by drilling into groundwater basins called aquifers（储水层）．Aquifers are refilled when water goes down through the soil．Scientists can know about groundwater through wells．Water levels drop as an aquifer becomes empty．This method fails to provide a global picture of changes in water levels，though．
Richey and her colleagues used data collected by the GRACE mission instead．Theses win satellites measure small changes in Earth's gravity．Changes in the density（密度） of Earth's surface cause those small changes in gravity．The emptying and refilling of groundwater basins is one way that the density of Earth's surface changes．The GRACE satellites pass over these buried basins regularly．As they do，the satellites"weigh"the mass of the water stored inside．
The researchers examined gravity changes over Earth's largest aquifers in the past ten years．Eight of the studied aquifers lost great volumes of water over that decade．The researchers considered these aquifers as"overstressed"．That means almost no water naturally went in to supersede the water being taken out．The regions of greatest concern were in the Middle East，northern Africa and northwestern India and Pakistan．
The most dried-up aquifers were in areas near large cities，in heavily agricultural areas or in dry areas．All three characteristics probably led to the extreme stress affecting the basins below central California，Richey says．California has both people and farms．It's also in a sever drought．As a result，the state's pumping of groundwater recently has greatly increased．
32．What can we learn from the finding of the new study？D
A．There are 37large groundwater basins in the world in all
B．Most of the world's groundwater basins are empty
C．Men are cautious about using underground water
D．Climate change is shrinking underground water
33．To learn about the current situation of groundwater basins，Richey and her colleaguesC．
A．collected data of aquifers around the world
B．used two satellites to study the effect of climate change
C．referred to the data about changes in Earth's gravity
D．observed the buried groundwater basins frequently
34．What does the underlined word"supersede"in Paragraph 4mean？A
A．Replace           
B．Increase       
C．Improve      
D．Support
35．We can learn from the last paragraph that in California a lot of peopleC．
A．go to central California for water
B．don't know the importance of groundwater
C．depend on groundwater for their daily activities
D．are aware they're harming groundwater basins．

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读，主要介绍了地下水的减少及科学家对地下储水层的一些研究．

解答 32-35．DCAC
32题答案：D考查细节推理，根据第一段的Now，changes in climate and human water usage are emptying those groundwater basins，a new study finds．一项新的研究发现气候的改变和人类对水的使用使这些地下盆地变空．可知本题答案为D选项"气候变化使地下水缩减"．
33题答案：C考查细节推理，根据文章第三段的Richey and her colleagues used data collected by the GRACE mission instead．Theses win satellites measure small changes in Earth's gravity．Richey和她的同事使用GRACE任务所收集的数据，这些获胜卫星测量地球重力的微弱变化．可知本题答案为C选项．
34题答案：A考查细节推理，结合前面一句The researchers considered these aquifers as"overstressed"．"研究者认为这些储水层压力过大"可知后面一句话的意思是"那意味着没有水能自然进入从而代替被取出的水"，故本题答案为A选项．
35题答案：C考查细节推理，根据最后一句As a result，the state's pumping of groundwater recently has greatly increased．因此美国加州地下水的抽取近期大幅增加．可知本题答案为C选项"日常生活依靠地下水"．

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．

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olive
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From ancient times until today，the basic process of producing the oil is the same．First，whole olives are pressed hard into pieces．Then，the liquid is separated from the solids．After that，the valuable oil is separated from the water．
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Olive oil improves the lives of people everywhere．Its benefits，recently confirmed by science，were already understood in ancient times．Mediterranean people are happy to share their secret with the world．

48．Which step occurs first in olive oil production？D
A．Drying the olives under the sun．
B．Separating the oil from the water．
C．Separating the liquid from the solids．
D．Pressing the whole olives into pieces．
49．Which use of olive oil is NOT mentioned in the passage？A
A．Paint．
B．Medicine．
C．Money．
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B．To show how the biology of Mediterranean people is special．
C．To explain the growing interest in olive oil around the world．
D．To prove that olive oil is more important for women than for men．
51．What is the passage mainly about？B
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B．Explaining the history，production，benefits，and use of olive oil．
C．Showing why olive oil is produced around the Mediterranean Sea．
D．Comparing Mediterranean olive oil with that produced in other places．
17．Speed-reading is a necessary skill in the Internet age．We skim over articles，e-mails and We Chat to try to grasp key words and the essential meaning of a certain text．Surrounded with information from our electronic devices，it would be impossible to cope if we read word by word，line by line．But a new trend calls on people to unplug and enjoy reading slowly，listing benefits beyond the intelligent stimulation．
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24．The book club in Wellington mentioned in Paragraph 2showsA．
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B．the decline of electronic devices
C．the importance of exchanging ideas   
D．the increasing number of club readers
25．According to Patrick Kingsley，people are stupider partly because ofD．
A．a non-stop reading pattern         
B．the straight，left-to-right screen
C．wide range of interesting news     
D．the lack of reflection
26．According to the passage，slow readingA．
A．contributes to understanding among people
B．promotes the current technology advances
C．provides people with a quiet environment
D．cures the memory loss of elderly people
27．What's the best title for the passage？B
A．Benefit of Reading Clubs          
B．Return of Slow Reading
C．Reading of the Internet Age         
D．Influence of Speed Reading．
4．Knuckle-popping（指关节砰砰响）
Do you slurp（咕噜）soup？Do you pop bubble gum？If you do，your habits won't help you win friends-but they're fun．But how about knuckle-popping？Not you does this hobby give people around you the"willies（[俚]神经紧张），"but cracking knuckles can lead to monster knuckles（异乎寻常的响声），and maybe-to arthritis （关节炎）．
At least，most people think knuckle-popping is bad．Well，there's no doubt that the people who have to listen to knuckles being snapped（啪地一声折断）can't stand the sound．But how bad is it for the knuckle-popper？
A doctor has looked into this indoor sport．He says it's not harmful．Dr．Robert L．Swezey found that his son was cracking his knuckles．And the kid's grandmother thought it was terrible．So Dr．Swezey went to a home for the aged．He studied the knuckles of old people there．Only one out of fifteen old people who said they cracked their knuckles all their lives had something wrong with their finger joints．Also，five out of twelve women who never cracked their knuckles had trouble with their joints．So if you want to go on popping your knuckles，Dr．Swezey says if OK，even if his son's grandma still doesn't like it．
28．People who hear others cracking their knucklesA．
A．are bothered．
B．don't notice the sound
C．start to crack their own knuckles．
D．feel it's as had as slurping soup．
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A．Only one old people had something wrong with their finger joins．
B．Only old women had cracked their knuckles．
C．About 6.7percent of the old people had something wrong with their finger joints．
D．The old people were all well．
30．Which of the following is right？D
A．Slurping soup and popping bubble gum are food habits．
B．Cracking knuckles will lead to arthritis．
C．No one likes cracking his knuckles．
D．Some women who didn't crack their knuckles had something wrong with their finger joints．
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A．go on doing it．
B．stop at once．
C．avoid people who do it．
D．not do it around your friends．
14．The earthquake left the whole city in the ruins．in the ruins去掉the．

Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game.

Why is poker(扑克)so difficult? Chess and Go are “information complete” games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players’ cards are hidden, making it an “information incomplete” game. Players have to guess opponents’ hands from their actions----tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars.

Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again vanquishes humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold’s Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural(神经的)networks and reinforcement learning(强化学习).

Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better.

Mr Heinrich told Sky News: “Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.”

After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw.

1.Why can’t the computer beat humans at the poker game?

A. Because humans are cleverer than the computer

B. Because humans practice playing the poker game every day

C. Because the computer can’t know the other players’ cards completely

D. Because the computer can’t learn the regular rules of the poker game

2.What does the underlined word “vanquishes” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Leaves B. Defeats C. Cheats D. Serves

3.What do we know about the reinforcement learning of AI?

A. It solves problems correctly every time

B. It is the same as the learning of humans

C. It learns from the mistakes appearing in a task

D. It is more developed than the studying ways of humans

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. The new procedure of AI has some features of humans

B. Computers are stronger than humans in every aspect

C. Humans will beat computers at playing poker forever

D. Scientists feel unhappy about the result of the poker game

Today we had an American family, the Robinsons, for Sunday dinner. Mr.Robinson is my mother's co?worker.

Mr and Mrs.Robinson and their two young______ came at about 6：00 p．m. Mrs.Robinson gave Mum a bunch of fresh flowers，______ color, freshness and their good will. Mum did the _______and it was left to ourselves to get to know each other. The two girls Judy and Annie and Xiao Hong had ______ fun with our little cat.

Mrs.Robinson is much ______ than her husband. There was a moment of embarrassment when Granny asked about her ______. Mum was about to apologize______ Mrs.Robinson laughed and said it was quite all right and that she had been here ______ enough to know it's the Chinese custom. She ______ told us that she was 32, though her husband was 52.

And of course they entirely ______ the dinner. Like a perfect Chinese hostess, Mum and especially Granny, ______ stuffing(填)them with food and urging them to eat and to drink, apologizing all the time that it's a homely meal.______， Mrs. Robinson said to Mum, “In the West any hostess would be proud of such a feast instead of apologizing for it, and we don't urge the guests to eat or drink. ______ so many good things before me, I certainly don't need any urging. The ______ is how to prevent myself overeating.” We all ______ laughter at that.

When they ______ to leave, they thanked us not only for the excellent dinner, but for giving them such a nice ______. Besides, they insisted on giving every one of us a hug and a kiss, ______ did embarrass me. But I think Granny was really ______ when they kissed her.

It's surprising how a little good will on both sides can ______ language and cultural barriers.

1.A. sons B. babies C. daughters D. friends

2.A. bringing B. taking C. fetching D. adding

3.A. decoration B. direction C. introduction D. reception

4.A. powerful B. hopeful C. speechless D. endless

5.A. older B. younger C. thinner D. taller

6.A. marriage B. age C. belief D. salary

7.A. while B. when C. but D. and

8.A. luckily B. happily C. long D. short

9.A. honestly B. gradually C. excitedly D. loudly

10.A. prepared B. tasted C. enjoyed D. swallowed

11.A. continued B. stopped C. suggested D. kept

12.A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Instead

13.A. For B. With C. Over D. As

14.A. danger B. pain C. question D. problem

15.A. broke out B. gave off C. burst into D. set out

16.A. came B. hurried C. got D. rose

17.A. day B. time C. meal D. gift

18.A. they B. it C. which D. that

19.A. touched B. frightened C. disappointed D. encouraged

20.A. change B. improve C. damage D. break
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D．you ca go to work by bus
26．According to the passage，we know the working environment isC．
A．flexible  B．comfortableC．busyD．various
27．The passage is mainly aimed atB．
A．foreign graduates     
B．job seekers
C．models     
D．experienced photographers
28．The passage is likely to appearC．
A．in a biography
B．in a magazine
C．on an ad
D．in a textbook．

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