题目内容
If we____________, we can realize the progress we have made in space research.
A. turn back B. look back C. answer back D. move back
B
解析:
look back在这里是“回顾”的意思，turn back有“转身”的意思，因此B为最佳答案。
We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?
Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.
An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.
Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.
Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.
Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.
So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.
【小题1】Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?
| A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies. |
| B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage. |
| C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions. |
| D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond. |
| A．Supportive | B．Objective | C．Indifferent | D．Neutral |
| A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself. |
| B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head. |
| C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone. |
| D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells. |
| A．are stupid not to notice the changes |
| B．are efficient in mental work |
| C．are blind to changes around them |
| D．rely on memory when dealing with things |
| A．They make us much more intelligent. |
| B．They make us lazier and more stupid. |
| C．They have little to do with our intelligence. |
| D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence. |
Whenever we meet with difficulty or failure, teachers, parents or others often say to us or perhaps we say to ourselves, “Never give up.” These can be encouraging words and words of determination. A person who believes in himself will keep trying to reach his goal no matter how many times he fails. In my opinion, the quality of determination to succeed is an important one to have. Therefore, I believe that we should never give up.
One reason is that if we give up too easily, we will rarely achieve anything. It is not unusual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we should not feel disappointed and should try again. Besides, if we always give up when we fail, we will not be able to develop new skills and grow.
Another reason we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes so that we can not make the same ones. If we do not try again, the lesson we have learned is wasted.
Finally, we should never give up because as we work to reach our goals, we develop confidence, and this confidence can help us succeed in other areas of our lives. If we never challenge ourselves, we will begin to doubt our abilities.
In short, it is important that we do not give up when working for our goals. Whether we succeed in the end or not, we will learn something, and what we learn will help us to become better and more confident. Furthermore, if we give up, we have no chance of attaining our goals any more, but if we keep making great efforts, there is always a chance that we will succeed one day.
Topic: Never Give Up
| Possible meanings and the author’s opinions | ? The words “Never give up” can__1__ others or oneself and express one’s determination. ? A person who wants to succeed should have the___2___ of determination. So we should never give up. |
| ______3____ | ?If we give up too easily, maybe we will achieve ____4___, so when we fail in our first attempt at something new, we should not__5____ ourselves but try again. ? Always giving up means that we will not be able to __6___ any progress. ? Never giving up will make us learn from the mistakes we’ve made before and learn the ___7____ so as not to make the same mistakes. ? To reach our goals and develop the confidence which can help us __8___ourselves, we must not give up but challenge ourselves. |
| Conclusions | If you give up, you will have no_9____of reaching your goals. Never give up and you will ___10___ sooner or later. |
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空不超过1个单词。
Whenever we meet with difficulty or failure, teachers, parents or others often say to us or perhaps we say to ourselves, “Never give up.” These can be encouraging words and words of determination. A person who believes in himself will keep trying to reach his goal no matter how many times he fails. In my opinion, the quality of determination to succeed is an important one to have. Therefore, I believe that we should never give up.
One reason is that if we give up too easily, we will rarely achieve anything. It is not unusual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we should not feel disappointed and should try again. Besides, if we always give up when we fail, we will not be able to develop new skills and grow.
Another reason we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes so that we can not make the same ones. If we do not try again, the lesson we have learned is wasted.
Finally, we should never give up because as we work to reach our goals, we develop confidence, and this confidence can help us succeed in other areas of our lives. If we never challenge ourselves, we will begin to doubt our abilities.
In short, it is important that we do not give up when working for our goals. Whether we succeed in the end or not, we will learn something, and what we learn will help us to become better and more confident. Furthermore, if we give up, we have no chance of attaining our goals any more , but if we keep making great efforts, there is always a chance that we will succeed one day.
Topic: Never Give Up
| Possible meanings and the author’s opinions | ? The words “ Never give up” can__【小题1】__ others or oneself and express one’s determination. ? A person who wants to ___【小题2】___ should have the quality. So we should never give up. |
| The ______【小题3】____ | ?If we give up too easily, maybe we will achieve ____【小题4】___, so when we fail in our first attempt at something new, we should not___【小题5】____ ourselves but try again. ?Always giving up means that we will not be able to ___【小题6】____ any progress. ? Never giving up will make us learn from the mistakes we’ve made before and learn the ___【小题7】____ so as not to make the same mistakes. ? To reach our goals and develop the confidence which can help us ___【小题8】____ourselves, we must not give up but challenge ourselves. |
| Conclusions | If you give up, you will have no__【小题9】____of reaching your goals. Never give up and you will attain your goals sooner or ___【小题10】____ |