题目内容

We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?
Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.
An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.
Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.
Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.
Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.
So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.
【小题1】Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?

A.To find out who has played James Bond in the movies.
B.To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage.
C.To show that he knows the answer to the questions.
D.To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond.
【小题2】What is the writer’s attitude towards the rise of technologies like Google and Wikipedia?
A.Supportive B.Objective C.Indifferent D.Neutral
【小题3】 Which of the following might the philosopher Andy Clark agree with?
A.Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself.
B.Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head.
C.Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone.
D.Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells.
【小题4】It is true about the phenomenon called “change blindness” that human beings____.
A.are stupid not to notice the changes
B.are efficient in mental work
C.are blind to changes around them
D.rely on memory when dealing with things
【小题5】According to the text, how do technologies like Google, Wikipedia affect us?
A.They make us much more intelligent.
B.They make us lazier and more stupid.
C.They have little to do with our intelligence.
D.They have a negative effect on our intelligence.


【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】B
【小题5】A

解析试题分析:本文叙述了对智力的理解,我们更倾向于认为我们的智力源于自我成就,它形成于大脑内,是内在独立思考的产物。心理学界中一个颇具影响的理论认为人是“认知守财奴”。 有时我们在谈话过程中不经意地切换谈话对象,常常未引起我们在意,这种现象叫“变化盲视”,这并非人类的愚昧,与此相反,这是心理效应的一个表现。研究表明我们的思想大部分都由身边的人及工具组成的,他们就像是我们头盖骨里的脑细胞。
【小题1】推理判断题。根据Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. 可知作者要引出他要讲的话题,故选B。
【小题2】推理判断题。根据The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples 可知作者对它们是支持的,故选A。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. 故选D。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. 故选B。
【小题5】推理判断题。根据that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit 和an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.可知它们可以使我们变得更聪明,故选A。
考点:科普类短文阅读。
点评:做推理题干扰选项的特点夸大事实:一是对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理。二是无中生有:捏造原文并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推理。三是掺入常识:根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但却不是基于文章。四是推理过头:引申过度,使结论过于绝对化。知道了这些特点在容易排除干扰项进而做出正确的判断。

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  Is it possible that the people of the world today could agree upon a single international language that everyone would be able to speak and understand?

  In the United Nations there are five official languages-English, Chinese,

Russian, French and Spanish. How about making one of them into an international language? English has been worked on for this purpose. A basic word list of 850 English words named Basic English was made. These are the only verbs in the entire list,“come, go, give, keep, let, do, put, make, say, be, seem, may, will, have, send.”Writing in Basic English may require you to use a greater number of words-as in having to say“It came to my ears”instead of I heard-but you can still say anything you want to with just 850 different words and a few sufixes(后缀)and prefixes(前缀).This is a much smaller number of words to have to remember than the ordinary number offered to the students of a foreign language.

  But people have always had a need to do more than simply“Tell it as it is”. Language is for reporting not only one's work. For this, a language needs idioms, needs all kinds of grammar and style(文体)that show its history and development just as a person needs eyebrows(眉毛). Is there some special reason why our lips should be a different color from the rest of our face? Perhaps not, but this is how people-real people-are. For communication between people, languages of all kinds will remain to reflect(反映)the growth and soul of the societies that speak them.

(1) The phrase“tell it as it is”in the third paragraph means __________.

[  ]

A.people can use Basic English to say what they want to

B.people think Basic English can express what they see or hear

C.people say what they want to according to the fact

D.people tell something they like to

(2) If we write a composition in Basic English, it will be________.

[  ]

A.longer than usual

B.shorter than usual

C.hard for us to express what we want to

D.able to express ourselves in different style as we like to

(3) Which of the following Statements is NOT true?

[  ]

A.Basic English is easier for students to learn.

B.Languages are like mirrors which can reflect the growth of the mankind.

C.Grammar and idioms are still necessary for us when we are learning a language.

D.Basic English will take the place not only of Queen's English, but also of the other languages in the world.

(4) This passage begins with a question.According to the writer's opinion, the answer to the question may be _________.

[  ]

A.it will be possible in the future

B.it seems to be possible if people agree to use Basic English

C.it seems impossible that people can use a simple language to express them-selves in various lives

D.it is impossible except that five official UN languages are used at the same time

(5) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

[  ]

A.The words used in Basic English are strictly limited to 850, and nothing more.

B.Basic English is not a natural development of the English language.

C.Basic English can be used to express our thought easily.

D.Basic English seems not so easy to learn.

From Monday until Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and on weekends they are free to relax (放松) and enjoy themselves. Some watch TV or go to the movies; others take part in sports. It depends on individual interests. There are many different ways to spend our spare time.

  Almost everyone has some kinds of hobbies. It may be anything from collecting stamps to making model airplanes. Some hobbies are very expensive, but others don’t cost anything at all. Some collections are worth a lot of money; others are valuable only to their owners.

  I know a man who has a coin collection worth several thousand dollars. A short time ago he bought a rare (稀有的) fifty-cent piece worth $250! He was very happy about his buying and thought the price was reasonable (合理的). On the other hand, my youngest brother collects matchboxes. He has almost 600 of them but I doubt (怀疑) if they are worth any money. However, to my brother they are very valuable. Nothing makes him happier than to find a new matchbox for his collection.

  That’s what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the fun of it. The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is.

The underlined word “individual” in the first paragraph most probably means____ .

  A. different        B. strange              C. secret                D. one's own

In the writer's opinion, ____.

  A. all hobbies are very expensive             B. some hobbies don't cost anything

  C. hobbies are worthless                         D. hobbies are valuable to everybody

Something that one enjoys doing in one's spare time is a____ .

  A. job                      B. pleasure            C. hobby               D. habit

When we talk about a bad man, we like to call him a “wolf”.But is it really true that the wolf stands for devil and ugliness.?

Have you read the book “The Wolf Totem” by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever ? 36 ? the wolves' world? If you had, you would ? 37 ? the wolves.?

In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassland. They know more about ? 38 ? than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to ? 39 ? full use of the shape of land to ? 40 ? sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be ? 41 ? experts good at fighting.?

The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand ? 42 ?.Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A ? 43 ? wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves ? 44 ? nothing. All the wolves obey the rules.? 45 ? they are defeated, they run away together. It is their teamwork ? 46 ? makes wolves powerful.?

The wolves also have great self?respect and won't ? 47 ? to anyone. The writer, who wrote the book “The Wolf Totem”,? 48 ? stole a one-month-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his ? 49 ?,he found the little wolf still wanted to go back with ? 50 ? wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was ? 51 ? and he never gave in, fighting ? 52 ? his death. The little wolf died as a glorious fighter.?

I was shocked by this kind of ? 53 ?:wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a ? 54 ? way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and ? 55 ? in this not simple and dangerous world. Please honor the wolves, please honor all these heroes of nature!

36. A. thought about      B. walked into          C. talked about     D. cared for?

37. A. hunt             B. admire        C. draw           D. watch

38. A. space            B. spot           C. food             D. survival?

39. A. get                   B. take           C. Have            D. make?

40. A. fight            B. avoid         C. Trap             D. discover?

41. A. special          B. imaginative          C. Outstanding      D. creative?

42. A. operation         B. teamwork       C. lifestyle          D. control

43. A. single           B. brave          C. lonely         D. fair?

44. A. fight            B. struggle          C. fear            D. fail

45. A. As for           B. As though     C. Even so          D. Even if?

46. A. what             B. he             C. That            D. one?

47. A. turn in           B. give in         C. take in               D. break in?

48. A. once              B. just           C. Soon           D. only?

49. A. satisfaction       B. disappointment C. pleasure         D. sorrow

50. A. rest               B. others           C. Another         D. the other

51. A. proud            B. satisfied        C. Willing          D. eager

52. A. until              B. although       C. before         D. unless

53. A. selflessness       B. self-confidence C. self-respect    D. self-protection

54. A. curious          B. different       C. strange           D. humorous?

55. A. walk             B. hand         C. get              D. succeed


Ⅲ、完形填空(15分)
From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying,but in the evenings and weekends they are free and    31    themselves.Some watch television or go to the movies,others    32    sports.This is decided by their own     33    .
There are many different ways to spend our    34    time.Almost everyone has some kind of    35    :it may be something from collecting stamps to    36    model planes.Some hobbies are very    37   ,but others don’t cost anything at all. Some collections(收藏) are worth    38    of money, others are valuable(有价值的) only to their owners.
I know a man who has a coin collection worth several    39    dollars. A short time ago he bought a rare(罕见的)fifty-cent piece which    40    him 250 dollars. He was very happy about his collection and thought the price was all right. On the other hand, my youngest brother collects match boxes. He has almost 600 of them, but I wonder    41    they are worth any money. However,   42    my brother they are quite valuable.   43    makes him happier than to find a new match box for his collection.
That’s    44    a hobby means, I think. It is something we like to do in our free time just for the fun of it. The value in dollars is not important,   45   the pleasure it gives us is.
31. A. love           B. work         C. enjoy         D. play
32. A. look like       B. take care of   C. think about     D. take part in
33. A. lives          B. interests      C. jobs           D. things
34.A. working       B. free         C. own           D. whole
35 .A. hobby        B. thing       C. job             D. way
36 .A. make         B. making     C. makes         D. made
37.A. interesting     B. exciting     C. cheap        D. expensive
38 .A. a little        B. a few       C. a lot           D. a number
39 .A. thousand     B. thousands   C. thousands of   D. thousand of
40.A. paid          B. cost         C. took          D. spent
41 .A. that          B. if            C. what         D. why
42 .A. to            B. on          C. with          D. in
43 .A. Everything    B. Anything     C. Nothing       D. Something
44 .A. where        B. how         C. what         D. why
45.A. so            B. but          C. because      D. as

My topic is fashion(时装). Fashion is important to all of us. Now we are all wearing school uniforms(校服). When we go home, what do we do? We change into other clothes. If we are going out, we like to wear fashionable clothes. So my first object is this blouse. It looks beautiful, doesn’t it? It is the most expensive piece of clothing, and I love it. It cost over $600. You may say that it is too expensive, but luckily I can afford it. The more you spend, the better the quality is. So you see, fashion is quite important to me, I admire it.
However, I’m not as fond of fashion as my elder brother. Last summer, my parents took us both to London. They wanted to show us some famous sights. But my brother Gary did not appreciate the old buildings. He just wanted to spend all his time in the big shopping arcades(拱廊), searching for the coolest pair of trousers! For him, fashion was more important than culture. These are the trousers he bought. Were they worth the expensive of a trip to London to buy these? I don’t think so. I think it was a waste of time and money.
We must, however, remember that fashion is a very big business. Changes in fashion can create or lose jobs. As an example, I have bought this blonde(淡黄色的) wig(假发) to show you. Do you like it? It belongs to one of my mother’s friends. She told me that in the 1960s, it was fashionable for western women to wear wigs. But a few years later fashions changed and women wore wigs much less often. Then the wig factories closed down and hundreds of workers lost their jobs.
53. The passage may be ____.  
A. a story from a magazine        B. a piece of news from a newspaper
C. a report on the radio           D. a speech to the classmates
54. The author (作者)showed all these objects EXCEPT_____ in the passage.
A. the blonde wig                B. the expensive blouse
C. the coolest trousers             D. the school uniform
55. What does the author (作者)want to tell us in last paragraph?
A. Wigs were always popular
B. People in the east once liked wearing blonde wigs
C. Fashion is actually a business
D. Business often depends on the production of wigs.

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