Question

【题目】Airplane emissions are a big problem for the climate—and steadily rising. Experts predict that aircraft emissions will triple（增三倍）by 2050 as demand for flights increases. To prevent this terrible situation, a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, along with government and industry partners, is attempting to completely redesign airplanes.

Their idea, called the “double-bubble” D8, could significantly reduce plane’s carbon footprint and improve fuel efficiency if confirmed in full-scale tests. It involves major changes to the standard 180-passenger Being 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft.

The most significant change, though, is where the engines are fixed. Air slows down as it flows over the top of a traditional plane, thus creating drag and making the craft less efficient. But the D8 design moves the jet’s engines from their usual spot underneath the wings to the top of the plane’s body, by the tail—where they suck in and speed up the slow layer of air, greatly reducing drag.

These changes would make the aircraft use 37 percent less fuel than a typical passenger jet. The experts have already built and tested an 11th-scale model of the aircraft in a NASA wind tunnel. Combining the new design with future technological advances could further reduce fuel use and finally add up to 66 percent in fuel savings in two decades.

Other experts note that the D8’s develops must still overcome economic difficulties while ensuring that the engines are strong enough to handle the new design. Still, “it’s a very remarkable idea and design,” says Brian J. German, an aerospace engineer at the Georgia Institute of Technology, who was not involved in the work. The experts are now exploring the development of a half-scale model plane. If the effort succeeds, travelers may fly in one of these jets as soon as possible.

【1】Why are airplane emissions steadily rising?

A. Because of the special climate. B. Because of designing new airplanes.

C. Because of the increasing flights. D. Because of the development of industry.

【2】What are the most obvious changes of the new airplanes?

A. Their engine shape. B. Their engine weight.

C. Their engine position. D. Their engine power.

【3】How do the experts reduce pollution from planes?

A. Using 11th-scale models. B. Saving energy.

C. Inventing stronger engines. D. Improving typical passenger jets.

【4】How is the new plane progressing?

A. It meets with economic difficulty. B. It is at the laboratory stage.

C. It may fly as soon as possible. D. It is testing with its new engine.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文为说明文。飞机排放是气候的一个大问题，而且正在稳步上升。随着航班需求的增加，飞机排放量将增加2050倍。为了防止这种可怕的情况，麻省理工学院的科学家，以及政府和工业合作伙伴，正试图完全重新设计飞机。这种新飞机涉及到两种形式，最大的变化是发动机固定的位置改变了，节省了燃料，这种飞机还在实验中。

【1】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Airplane emissions are a big problem for the climate—and steadily rising. Experts predict that aircraft emissions will triple（增三倍）by 2050 as demand for flights increases. 飞机排放正在稳步上升。专家预测，随着航班需求的增加，飞机排放量将增加2050倍。由此可知，飞机排放上升的原因就是飞机航班的增加，故选C项。

【2】细节理解题。根据第二The most significant change, though, is where the engines are fixed可知，最显著的变化是发动机固定的位置因此可知C项符合题意。

【3】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Combining the new design with future technological advances could further reduce fuel use and finally add up to 66 percent in fuel savings in two decades.可知，将新的设计与未来的技术进步相结合，可以进一步减少燃料的使用，并最终在20年内节省66%的燃料节省。因为燃料在燃烧时才能打排放，才会污染。所以减少了燃料的燃烧就减少了污染。分析选项可知B项正确。

【4】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The experts have already built and tested an 11th-scale model of the aircraft in a NASA wind tunnel….以及最后一段 Other experts note that the D8’s develops must still overcome economic difficulties while ensuring that the engines are strong enough to handle the new design. Still, “it’s a very remarkable idea and design,”… The experts are now exploring the development of a half-scale model plane. If the effort succeeds, travelers may fly in one of these jets as soon as possible. 专家们已经在NASA风洞中建造并测试了第十一型号的飞机…. D8的发展仍然必须克服经济困难…. 如果努力成功，旅行者可能很快在喷气式飞机中飞行…。文中所用的词，在在NASA风洞中建造并测试模型，如果成功的话…..等，由此可推断出，这种新飞机还在实验中，故选B项。

推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等，如第1小题。（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；如第3小题。（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。如第4小题。