题目内容

8．There are three different kinds of friends in our life．I classify them according to how well I know them and how well they know me．
The first type of friend is just an acquaintance（泛泛之交）．This means that you only know their names．You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation．You don't miss them when they are elsewhere．It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation （恼怒）．Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly，you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry，such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly．I call them"pest friends"．
The second kind of friend is a"guest friend"．They are just social partners．You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs．You don't talk too often with this sort of friend，and you don't share each other's secrets．
Lastly，we have"best friends"．This sort of friend is there when you need them．They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin．Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens．If you need a listening ear，they will be the one to lend support．
Friends come in all different shapes and sizes．Every friend has an effect on our life…

31．What is this passage mainly about？B
A．What a true friend is like．
B．Three kinds of friends in our life．
C．The role that friends play in our life．
D．Why there are different kinds of friends．
32．According to the writer of the passage，when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way，youA．
A．may find it hard to tell him or her not to do so
B．should stay away from him or her
C．can tell him or her about it directly
D．should advise him or her to correct his or her behavior
33．Which of the following statements is WRONG about the second type of friend？C
A．They are only social partners．
B．You don't talk very often with them．
C．They are called"pest friends"by the writer．
D．You don't share your secrets with them．
34．If someone is with you through thick and thin，it meansD．
A．he or she is your best friend for sure
B．he or she agrees with whatever you say
C．you spend most of your time together
D．he or she is with you even when there are difficulties
35．What will most probably be talked about in Paragraph 5？A
A．How to make friends．
B．How to improve friendship．
C．How friends influence our life．
D．How to get along well with the third type of friend．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了生活中的三种朋友：泛泛之交，好朋友和最好的朋友．

解答 31．B．主旨大意题．通读全文，文章主要讲了生活中的三种朋友：泛泛之交，好朋友和最好的朋友；故选B．
32．A．细节理解题．根据第二段：Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly，you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry可知当第一类型的朋友以恼人的方式行事时，你很难告诉他或她不要这样做；故选A．
33．C．细节理解题．根据第二段：I call them"pest friends"．可知第一类型的朋友有事被称作害虫朋友；故选C．
34．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段：．They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin．Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens可知如果有人与你风雨同舟，那就意味着即使有再大的困难他也和你在一起；故选D．
35．A．推理判断题．根据第五段：Friends come in all different shapes and sizes．Every friend has an effect on our life可知最有可能被谈论如何交朋友；故选A．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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相关题目
18．There is no question that fewer teenagers are on the roads in the US．
In 1978，50% of 16-year-olds had got their first driving licence．In 2008，according to the US Transportation Department，it was just 30%．The number of those aged 19 and under with driving licences has also been declining since 1978，when 11，989，000 had licence．In 2010，it was 9，932，441，or 4.1% of American drivers．
In the UK，683，273 teenagers have driving licences-just 1.85% of total licence holders，according to Department of Transport figures from September 2010．
But the decline in the US may have more to do with tougher tests and the introduction of the new rule in many states，which force drivers aged under 16 to be with licensed drivers of 21 years and older when driving．
In recent years，the annual number of journeys being made by American drivers of all ages has declined clearly for the first time ever．Car use began falling in 2007，when average petrol prices almost doubled to $4.12 a gallon，and the economy became worse．
But there are signs that it is getting back to normal and American remains a country on wheels．It has a higher number of cars per head of population than any other country in the world．
"Cars will always be a popular means of transportation in America．You have to take into consideration some places don't have access to public transportation．Cars are the only way some people can get around，"says Kristin Nevels．This makes driving necessary in some rural states，where about twice as many teenagers are on the road than in big cities．
63．The underlined word"declining"in the second paragraph most probably means"B"．
A．rising       B．dropping             C．improving            D．holding
64．In recent years cars are used less than before mainly because ofC．
A．traffic jams     B．harder tests         C．expensive petrol     D．worst economy
65．We can learn from the last paragraph that Kristin NevelsC．
A．doubts the popularity of the car use in the future．
B．thinks American people can not live without cars．
C．holds confident attitude to the cars'future in America．
D．believes America should build up its public transportation．
66．What can be inferred from the text？B
A．The UK has more teenager drivers than the US．
B．A 15-year-old boy cannot drive alone in the US．
C．The US has very developed bus transportation system．
D．Big cities have more teenager drivers than rural areas in the US．
19．Will you be playing some music at work？
Music is particularly popular in the medical profession，especially among surgeons（外科医生）．A recent survey shows that 90% of surgeons in the UK put music on the sound system in the   theatre during operations．Plastic surgeons（整形外科医生）play the most music，it appears； ear，nose，and throat specialists the least．
But it isn't only in surgeries where music is popular．In another recent survey，one-third of the 1，613people said they listen to music while working．And 79% of them said that humming（哼歌）along improves their job satisfaction or productivity．
Is listening to music at work a good idea？Yes，say the experts．Many surgeons say that music contributes to creating a"calm atmosphere"，and a third of them added that it avoids getting bored!Also，listening to music raises the levels of a brain chemical that can help people focus．Office workers say it improves job satisfaction．Several studies suggest that it's also good for hospital patients．Those listening to music through headphones during surgery require less anaesthetic（麻醉剂），up to 50% less in some cases，and recover more quickly afterwards．"Sure，music reduces anxiety before surgery，"says Zeev Kain，an anaesthetist at Yale University．
So，what type of music should we be listening to？Surgeons from the previous survey favored rock，pop music and classical．And hip-hop is popular too．However，whatever the kind，it appears that self-selected music is the best choice．Pennsylvania State University research showed that when people chose their own music there was more stress reduction．And other researchers found that when listening to self-selected music，surgeons did the maths faster and more accurately than when they were listening to music chosen for them．

70．The underlined word"theatre"in Paragraph 2probably meansA．
A．an operating room              B．a rest room for surgeons
C．a waiting room in a hospital   D．a building where shows are performed
71．The surveys mentioned in the passage showA．
A．music is popular in many professions
B．most surgeons in the UK are music lovers
C．office workers learn a lot from listening to music
D．more than half the people listen to music at work
72．What are the advantages of listening to music at work？C
①improving memory②keeping people relaxed
③improving job satisfaction④improving eyesight
A．①④B．①②C．②③D．②④
73．How should you choose music for work time according to the passage？B
A．Turn to the surgeons for help．
B．Make your selection by yourself．
C．Rock，pop music and classical are always good choices．
D．The most popular music should be taken into consideration．
74．The passage is mainly aboutD．
A．how to choose music wisely
B．where to find the best music
C．the popularity of music in hospitals
D．the benefits of listening to music at work．
16．
Did you know the meaning of a word may change over time？Many English words we know now had different meanings a long time ago．One example is the word nice．Around the year l 300，nice was first used in English to mean"stupid"．Two hundred years later，nice began to carry a"better"meaning．If people said a book was written nicely，they meant the book was written"clearly"or"carefully"，not"stupidly"．After l800，nice began to take its meaning like"kind"or"friendly"．Since then，people have thought of nice as a word with good meanings．
A good change of a word's meaning like this example of nice is called AMELIORATION．Though we don't use nice to mean"stupid"any more，it is fun to know how much a word's meaning can change from its start!
*For more examples of AMELIORATION，see next page．

46.1300years ago，a"nice person"was believed to beC．
A．careful    B．friendly    C．foolish  D．clever
47．What is the second paragraph mainly about？D
A．What nice used to mean．
B．Why the meaning of nice changed．
C．How long nice has been used？
D．How the meaning of nice changed over time．
48．AMELIORATION means a word's meaningB
A．can change from its start
B．changes from bad to good
C．changes from good to bad
D．remains the same over a long time
49．Which of the following is most likely to appear on the  next page？A
A．The word terrific used to mean"terrible"，but now it means"excellent"．
B．The word silly used to mean"happy"，but now it means"stupid"．
C．You may wonder why a word's meaning changes over time．
D．Besides AMELl0RATION，a word's meaning may change in other ways．
3．Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children's education，according to a new research．
Dr．Helen Lees，from Stirling University's school of education，says that"enforced（强制的） silence"is seen as a punishment and often acts to  suppress children's natural ability．But she says that teaching children about the benefits of"enforced silence"-deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment-can have a significant effect on pupils'concentration and behavior．
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils'academic ability．
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children's exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms．Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions，and some educationalists claim that too much clutter（杂乱的东西） on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating．
Dr．Less said，"When we take some research on school settings and put it all together，what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense．In areas of better learning outcomes，better self-confidence and well-being measures，enforced silence in a person's life and an individual's education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit．"
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of"reflective silence"into the timetable．
Kevin Houston，head of Sheringdale Primary，south London，has just introduced a minute's silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect．The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day．

68．According to Dr．Helen Lees，"enforced silence"C．
A．is an effective way of punishment
B．does not make much sense in class
C．can improve pupils'confidence
D．makes pupils more creative
69．The underlined word"suppress"in the second paragraph probably means"D"．
A．uncover       B．improve         C．apply           D．prevent
70．What can be inferred from the research on school settings？B
A．Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms．
B．Silence makes a great difference to pupils．
C．Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate．
D．Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures．
71．What would be the best title for the text？C
A．Arranging classroom settings benefits studies
B．Achieving silence is beneficial for people
C．Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance
D．Using enforced silence is effective punishment．
13．As we all know，the language is a very important tool for people to communicate with each other．In most of the languages，people usually begin their conversations by a kind of small talk-a casual form of conversation that"breaks the ice"or fills an awkward silence between people．That is to say，small talk means the little things we talk about to start a conversation．In English-speaking countries such as Britain，people often make small talk about the weather．"Nice day，isn't it？""Terrible weather，isn't it？"
However，we still have something special about small talk．It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about．The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something．This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable．People usually agree about the weather，so it is a safe topic for small talk．But people often disagree about religion（宗教） or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk．The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place．At basketball matches，people make small talk about the game they are watching．"Great game，isn't it？"At train stations，people may talk about the transport system．"The train service is terrible，isn't it？"
36．According to the passage，small talk isC．
A．a kind of conversation with short words
B．a greeting used when people meet each other
C．something we talk about to start a conversation
D．to let people disagree about something
37．What is the favorite topic of small talk for English people？D
A．the languages．B．the politics．C．the game．D．the weather．
38．The purpose of small talk isA．
A．to let both people agree on something
B．to disagree about religion or politics
C．to start to learn a foreign language
D．to understand the importance of the language
39．When we say"Great game，isn't it？"what do we mean in fact？D
A．asking a question                         B．making small talk
C．greeting each other                       D．talking about the game
40．What can we learn from the passage？C
A．Different languages have different grammar．
B．We must have something special about small talk．
C．Small talk is an important part of a language．
D．In English-speaking countries we should talk about the weather．
20．On Christmas，children are curious about what to be in the stockings （长筒袜）．It might be safe to think children will ask Santa for an extensive list of toys，games and big dinners．But a survey of their lists for Father Christmas has shown many have more serious concerns，requesting"a dad"instead．Despite their material requests，a'dad'is tenth most popular Christmas list request for children who would be happy to give up the latest iPad，toy or new pet，a survey of 2，000 British parents has found．
Most children will put a new baby brother or sister at the top of their Christmas list，closely followed by a request for a real-life reindeer （驯鹿）．A"pet horse"was the third most popular choice，with a"car"at number four．
The survey also found children aged 3 to 12 years also wanted a dog，chocolate and a stick of rock．Traditional hopes for a white Christmas were represented by a wish for"snow"in ninth place，with sensible youngsters also requesting a"house"．Of the top 50 festive requests，17 related to pets and animals，with some imaginative children hoping for a chicken and an elephant．iPhones and iPads also appeared on the list，with some quirky children asking for the moon，a time machine，and a pond cover．A request for a"mum"reached number 23 on the list．
41．What's the No.1 on the children's Christmas list？A
A．A new baby brother or sister
B．A real-life reindeer．
C．A pet horse
D．A house．
42．Which of the following is not included on the Christmas list？D
A．A car
B．A chicken
C．A stick of rock
D．A monkey．
43．What do quirky children in Paragraph 3 probably mean？B
A．Children with quick reaction
B．Children with wild ideas．
C．Children with cleverness
D．Children with good manners．
44．Which of the statements is Not True according to the passage？C
A．Some children would rather request a dad than the latest iPad for Christmas．
B．Children of different character or ages may ask for different Christmas gifts．
C．A real-life reindeer is next to a car on children's Christmas list．
D．According to the survey，a‘dad"is tenth most popular Christmas list request．
17．A staycation is a vacation when you do not travel at all．Some people use a staycation to just stay at home，and others prefer to experience the attractions around them without traveling very far．
There are many choices for staycations．Any town or city has plenty of choices for things to do if you know where to look．If the weather is nice，you can visit the local gardens or forests for a hike．You can look online for several historic places and create your own history tours．Of course，you can also visit other attractions in the areas like museums，restaurants，bars，parks，beaches，and so on．Often，if you drive just a few hours，you can find a city that you can walk around and see．Then by driving home you can save the cost of a hotel and a plane ride．
Others take the term"staycation"word for word and do not leave their houses at all．Some choices for this can include taking time off to cook a great meal and enjoy it together or spending all day at a pool．
Just as a coin has two sides，staycation has its advantages as well as disadvantages．
Since you are not traveling or staying in a hotel，a staycation can be unbelievably costeffective（低成本的）．You don't have to pay for a hotel，so that cost has been completely  eliminated．You are also saving by not driving very far and by not taking an airplane anywhere．Travel costs have become really high，and the farther you go，the higher they are．By staying close to home，you cut that cost by quite a bit．You are also pushing money back into your local economy（经济）by spending your money at local businesses rather than in cities that are far away from home．Finally，any stress that you feel with travel，whether that is from driving long distances or looking for an airport，will completely disappear．

59．For what purpose is the text written？A
A．To introduce the general information of staycatons．
B．To compare staycatons with other vacations．
C．To persuade more people to have staycations．
D．To provide different ways of staycations．
60．What is one of the advantages of a staycation？D
A．The economy in other cities is also improved．
B．People spend nothing when staying at home．
C．You can visit local attractions for free．
D．There is no stress from traveling．
61．What does the underlined word"eliminated"in Paragraph 5probably means？B
A．included         B．removed
C．covered          D．raised
62．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph？B
A．When to take a staycation．
B．What disadvantages a staycation has．
C．Why people prefer a staycation．
D．How to have a staycation safely．
18．-I have never been to the United States before．
-______!Your spoken English is amazing．（　　）
A．You can't be seriousB．You got it
C．I couldn't agree moreD．I am not surprised at all

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